• Matter can cycle through the biosphere because biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.
• Matter is Recycled within and between the ecosystems.
• Matter is assembles into living tissues or passed out of the body as waste.
• Just think, with every breath you take, you inhale hundreds of oxygen atoms that might have been inhaled by dinosaurs millions of years ago!!
Plants and animals need water to live Natural processes constantly recycle
water throughout the environmentAnimals breathe out water vapor,
return water to the environment through urination
Plants pull water from the ground and lose water from their leaves through transpiration
21 The diagram shows physical changes that
occur in the water cycle. Which of these shows
condensation?A QB RC SD T
PrecipitationRun Off of ground waterEvaporation
• All life on earth is based on carbon. Carbon is a key ingredient of living tissue.
• Begins during photosynthesis in which CO2 gas is converted to carbon molecules
• Carbon molecules are then used for energy and growth
• As heterotrophs eat plants, they also gain this energy from carbon
• When the carbon is used, CO2 is released and returned to the atmosphere
• Glucose C6H12O6 is produced by plants, eaten by animals.
Photosynthesis • Animals and plants
exhale CO2 which is taken in by plants to make glucose
Cellular Respiration
Lightening and bacteria in the ground “fix” Nitrogen into a form usable by plants.
It is absorbed by plants, through their roots as nitrates, so they can be used to build amino acids essential for building proteins, enzymes and the nitrogen bases of DNA.
All organisms require phosphorus for growth
Phosphorus cycles in two ways In the short term cycle, phosphorus is
found in plants, animals eat plants, they die, and the phosphorus returns to the soil
In the long term cycle, phosphorus is washed into the sea and is incorporated into rock
WILL REWRITE
The paths of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous pass from the nonliving environment to living organisms and then back to the nonliving environment
Ground Water: water retained beneath the surface of the Earth
Evaporation: water is heated by the sun and reenters the atmosphere
Transpiration: water is drawn from stomata in leaves of plants
Water that is not evaporated travels from plants to the atmosphere through transpiration and returns to the Earth as rain.
Respiration: carbon dioxide is given off as a byproduct of cellular respiration
Combustion: carbon is released when fossil fuels are burned
Erosion: Shells of dead organisms (made of calcium carbonate) form limestone. As limestone erodes, carbon becomes available for other organisms
79% of the atmosphere is Nitrogen
Most organisms cannot use Nitrogen in its atmospheric form
Nitrogen Fixation: a few bacteria (found in the soil and on roots of some plants) have enzymes that will break down atmospheric nitrogen and form ammonia
Assimilation: absorption and incorporation of nitrogen into plant and animal compounds
Ammonification: the production of ammonia by bacteria during the decay of nitrogen-containing urea
Nitrification: the production of nitrate from ammonia
Denitrification: the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas
Phosphorous used in ATP and DNA
Phosphorous in rock dissolves in water and is absorbed by plants
Nonrenewable: Do not replenish themselves naturally
Renewable: Replenish themselves naturally
Alternative Fuels Recycling (reduce, reuse,
recycle)