Download - May 2009 IAPH WB: state of the port sector
State of the Port Sector 2009State of the Port Sector 2009 11
The global outlook for ports and the maritime
sector
- IAPH 2009 -
Michel Donner - Port and Maritime Transport Specialist C. Bert Kruk - Port Consultant The World Bank
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Contents
Safe, clean and affordable transport Trade decline Ports decline Private capital flow to developing countries World Bank response Impact of the crisis on port projects Future of port infrastructure financing Impact on maritime transport Maritime transport industry losses Positive ripples ?
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“Safe, Clean, and Affordable Transport for Development”
The World Bank Transport Business Strategy 2008-2012
The strategy addresses• Safe Transport (for Health and for Safety)• Clean Transport (for Air Quality and Climate), and• Affordable Transport (for Businesses and Individuals)
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Global trade volumes to decline byGlobal trade volumes to decline by6.1 % in 2009 and recover in 20106.1 % in 2009 and recover in 2010(Source: (Source: World Bank, DEC Prospects Group)
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
High-income countries
Developing countries
Annual percent change in the volume of exports of goods and services
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Trade decline, ports decline
Number of overseas clothing factories actively serving the US market decreased from 22,000 in July 2008 to just 6,000 in October 2008
Furnitures imports are down 50% from one year ago Some examples of declines in container throughput
of selected ports (February 2009 compared to the same month in 2008)
• Hong Kong: 20.6%• Los Angeles: 32.6%• Saint Petersburg: 27.3%• Rotterdam 19%, and• Singapore: 19.8%
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Decline in infrastructure spending leads to Decline in infrastructure spending leads to decreased growth…decreased growth…In Indonesia, the decline in total infrastructure spending following the 1997 Asian crisis was accompanied by declining growthIndonesia Total Infrastructure Investment
(% of GDP)Indonesia Average GDP Growth
Source: World Bank
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1997 1998 1999 2000
%
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1988-1997 1998-2007
%
8
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Private capital flows to developing countries are now significantly lower than the peak of 2007
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2007 2008 2009 (P)
in $
bill
ion
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World Bank response : Infrastructure Infrastructure Recovery and Assets (INFRA)Recovery and Assets (INFRA) Counter-cyclical public spending in infrastructure is Counter-cyclical public spending in infrastructure is
an effective tool to create jobs and provide the an effective tool to create jobs and provide the foundation for economic recovery and sustained foundation for economic recovery and sustained growthgrowth
Stabilize and maintain existing infrastructure assets Ensure delivery of ongoing projects that remain
government priority Continue to support PPPs in infrastructure
Be sure to be ready to handle the recovery when it
comes
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The Impact of the Financial Crisis New port projects and concessions
Investment Banks back in 2006 Goldman Sachs purchased 49% of terminal operator Stevedoring
Services of America (SSA) American International Group (AIG) bought the US terminals of
Dubai World Ports What Now ??
Infrastructure Funds/Pension Funds were seeking long-term returns and once saw transport infrastructure as secure and stable
Will they keep this view ??
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The Impact of the Financial Crisis New port projects and concessions
Quotations of the maritime press Hutchison : “all investments for new projects in 2009 are frozen” DP World : “DPW is reviewing its expansion strategy, cutting costs
and freezing recruitment”. “DPW will defer half of its planned expansion”
APM Terminals : “Port projects will return to realistic levels and APMT has taken a time out to review the portfolio”
ICTSI : “ICTSI is not looking for expansion except for programs that were decided on before”
COSCO Pacific : “New port investments are too risky in the current market”
Eurogate : “Eurogate has suspended non-essential investments” Gioia Tauro : “Our objective is to get through the slump somehow
and then to see when the hurricane is past how we have come out,”
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Future of port infrastructure financing Extracts from the World Bank Transport Forum April 2009 debates involving port authorities, private sector, IFC, financial experts and other experts
While port congestion is easing in developed countries, there are still ports in developing countries that suffer heavily from congestion
Port projects must stay on the stimulus policies for development, so they will be ready to handle the upturning growth
Port projects will mostly remain modest in size and time-frame Expectations and ambitions must adjust to “what can actually be
financed” Unrealistic and complicated concession terms and processes too
often delay needed projects Governments should facilitate more agile and simplified
environmental approval procedures
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Future of port infrastructure financing (contd)
Projects will be expected to generate cash flows early on in their lifetime
Projects with less than 25% equity investment by the project proponent might not even be looked at
Investors will need to show more commitments to convince lenders
The existing portfolios of projects need to be combed, staged and reduced
Even IFIs as lenders of last resort need to rationalize their portfolios
This does not mean a return to 100% public. Public financing is also suffering and waning, in line with fiscal revenue
Evolution of PPPs : there are still private equity investors there are still private equity investors around looking for good projectsaround looking for good projects
Let some white elephants die or sleep However it is preferable to scale back than to stop
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The Impact of the Financial CrisisMaritime transport
It takes 3 to 5 years to design, build and launch a set of 9-10 sisterships
Who in 2005 has predicted today’s crisis ? More ships, less cargo Earnings in free fall due to combined volumes
and freight rates drops Free fall of charter rates, but no customers Lay up vessels, Scrap vessels
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The Impact of the Financial CrisisMaritime transport (Contd)
Lay off workers (shipping and ports) Slow steaming, the Cape route, the Somalia piracy
situation Risk on shipyards Idle vessels used as storage for empty containers or
unsold cars
Will the survivors of the shipping industry still be able to carry the trade volumes produced in the post-crisis ?
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Volumes and monetary losses of major shipping lines in Q1 2009
Rank Company Q1 09 loss (*) Volumes loss (**)
1 Maersk 555 15
4 Evergreen 83
5 Hapag 302 15
6 Cosco 30
7 APL 245 27
12 Hanjin 191 26
(*) Million USD
(**)Percentage compared
to Q1 2008
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Positive ripples?
Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Los Angeles / Long Beach saw a 29% volume rebound in March 09 compared to February 09
Analysts attributed this momentary rebound to the end of the traditional Lunar New Year slack. And the April figures for Singapore went 5% down
Santos handled 4.89% more cargo in Q1 09, compared to Q1 08 South Africa’s 0.8m TEUs capacity Ngqura terminal to go live in
October Benin is going forward with the 0.5m TEUs capacity Cotonou
South Wharf project Brazil is bravely pursuing major dredging works in most of its
container ports (in spite of some setbacks) but port concessioning and environmental processes remain complex and slow
It is the aged vessels (less fuel efficient and more polluting) which are being scrapped first
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Positive ripples? (contd)
Baltic Dry Index: A nascent recovery ?
0
2500
5000
7500
10000
12500
Apr Jul Oct 09
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Thank you very much for your attention