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Maya: Lords of the Earth
2008 Fulbright-Hays Seminar AbroadLianne Burnson
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Fulbright-HaysSeminars Abroad Program
www.ed.gov/programs/iegpssap/index.html
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IntellectualsMathematicians Astronomers Architects and engineersArtistic
Ancient Maya Accomplishments
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Where does gum come from?
Sapodilla Tree and Resin
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Theobroma Cacao
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Maps of theMaya World
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Maya Map 1
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Maya Map 2
Source: ancienthistory.about.com/od/maps/ss/mapsindex_3.htm
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Maya Map 3
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Maya Map 4
Source: historylink101.com/1/mayan/mayan_maps.htm
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New Wonderof the World
Chichen ItzaA.D. 400–950
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El Castillo - Kukulkan Temple
Chac Mool
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The Observatory
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Great Ball Court
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Chac-Mool
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Tzompantli - Platform of Skulls
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The Nunnery
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Sacred Cenote (Well) of Sacrifice
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UxmalA.D. 200–1200
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Pyramid of the Magician
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Chac -God of Rain, Thunder, Lightning
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Nunnery Quadrangle
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Arch Entry
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Sacred Ceiba Tree
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PalenqueA.D. 100–900
Population: 10,000
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Temple of Inscriptions
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King Pacal A.D. 603–683
Funeral Jade MaskNational Museum of Anthropology and History, Mexico City
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Palace
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Aqueducts
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Bas-reliefs
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Maya Homes
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Ancient Commoner Homes
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Modern Day Maya Home
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Maya People
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Ancient Maya Clothing
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Modern-DayHuipils
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Maya TodayPopulation: ~ 6 million
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Farming and Food
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“Slash and Burn” Method
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Ancient Maya Food
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Food Today
Tamales
Corn tortillas Chili Chocolate Drink
Beans
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Ancient Maya Religious Beliefs
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Chac – God of Thunder and Lightning
Ix Chel – Earth and Moon Goddess,
Patroness of Weavers and Pregnant Women
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Huracan –God of Gale Force Winds
Kinich-Ahau –Sun God
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Coqueelaa – God of the Cochineal Harvest
Cama-Zotz –God of Bats
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Yum Kaax –God of Agriculture and Maize
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Ah-Puch –God of Death
Ek-Chuah –God of Chocolate
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Religious Beliefs Today
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San Juan Chamula
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Basilica de Guadalupe
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Maya Writing System
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two glyphs/columnleft to right and top to bottom
Hieroglyphs Written on:StoneWoodBuildingsFig tree bark
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Palenque Glyphs
Dresden Codex
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Maya Logograms
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Scribes Today - Spanish
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Spoken Mayan Languages
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Evolution of Ancient Mayan Languages
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Number System
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Maya Positional Number System
Source: www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/HistTopics/Mayan_mathematics.html
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Maya Calendar
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• 260 days• 20 day names• Symbols for days
Sacred Round –“Tzolkin”
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The Vague Year “Haab”
18 months20 days/month5 unlucky days at the end
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Maya Arts
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BackstrapWeavingQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Ancient Maya Symbols
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Seven Sacred Ancient Maya Designs
Universe Scorpion
Ancestors Snake
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Seven Sacred Ancient Maya Designs
Toad Flowering Corn
Butterfly
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MayaCeramics
Mesoamerican Gallery UPM of Archaeology and Anthropology
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Maya, Late Classic (ca. 600–900)Cylinder vase, polychrome ceramic
Veracruz (250–600)Seated image of Old Fire God
Norton Museum of Art
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Maya vase 650–750 (party/ritual)
Late Classic Maya drinking cup
(A.D. 593–830)
Boston Museum of Fine Art
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Potters Today
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Sellos - Ceramic Stamps
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are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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What happened to the Ancient Maya?
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Jared Diamond’s 5-Point Framework Model
Environmental Damage Climate ChangeHostile neighborsPopulation growth exceeded resourcesSociety’s response
Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive (2005).
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Maya today live a …simpler, agricultural,communal,
• and highly spiritual life
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“Here were the remains of a cultivated, polished, and peculiar people, who had…reached their golden age, and perished, entirely unknown. The links which connected them to the human family were severed and lost, and (the ruins) were the only memorials of their footsteps upon earth.”
–John Stephens, 1853