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Mechanical Waves
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What is a mechanical wave?
• A disturbance in matter that carries energy from one place to another.
• Require a material to pass through called a medium.
• A medium can be a solid, liquid, or a gas.
• 3 types of mechanical waves.– 1. Transverse waves– 2. Longitudinal waves– 3. Surface waves
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Transverse waves
• Cause the medium to vibrate at right angles to the direction of wave motion.
Wave motion Slinky motion
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Parts of a transverse wave
• Rest position
wavelength
wavelength
node
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• Crest – the top of a wave.
• Trough – the bottom of a wave.
• Wavelength – the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough.
• Node – where the wave intersects the rest position.
• Amplitude – distance from the rest position to a crest or trough – measures energy.
• Frequency – how many times the wave cycles in a given time period.– Usually measured in Hertz (Hz) – cycles per second– Low frequency– High frequency
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Wavelength and Frequency
• These 2 are related
• As one increases, the other decreases.– Low frequency, large wavelength– High frequency, small wavelength
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Longitudinal Waves
• Compression waves
• Move the medium the same direction as the wave.
• Made from compressions and rarefactions
Wave motionSlinky motion
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Surface Waves
• Travel along the surface separating 2 media.– Ocean waves travel between water and air
• Have characteristics of both longitudinal and transverse waves.– Transverse part causes up and down motion.– Longitudinal part causes back and forth motion.
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Wave Speed
• Speed = frequency X wavelength
• f
speed (m/s)
f = frequency (Hz)
wavelength (m)