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Mediterranean
tradition in a
globalized economy
Vassilis ZampounisAgroeconomist - Axion Agrotiki
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Globalization
}New production countries: Argentina, Chile, USA,Australia etc.
}New consumption countries: USA, North Europe,
Brazil, Japan, Australia, Russia, China, India etc.} Increase of the volume of international trade
} Big international retail chains + centralization of
companies with powerful brands
}Access of small producers to the international tradethrough internet
}An international regulatory framework concerningthe quality and authenticity standards
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Table 1. THE OLIVE OIL WORLD PRODUCTIONTime period 1985/86 to 2008/09 (4yr averages)
(th. tones)
Source: International Olive Oil Council
1985/86-
1988/89
1989/90-
1992/93
1993/94-
1996/97
1997/98-
2000/01
2001/02-
2004/05
2005/06-
2008/09
Quantity
+th. tones
% of
increase
Spain 505,0 601,6 593,7 877,9 1168,6 1051,1546,1 108,1
Italy 498,3 462,7 489,5 566,9 713,7 544,1 45,9 9,2
Greece 278,1 289,5 348,5 424,5 378,8 356,6 78,5 28,2
Portugal 32,5 36,3 38,2 38,0 33,8 41,6 9,1 27,8
EU 1313,9 1390,0 1469,9 1907,3 2294,8 1993,4 679,5 51,7
Tunisia 94,5 168,8 166,3 162,0 129,3 177,5 83,0 87,8
Syria 57,5 60,3 89,0 107,8 135,5 121,0 63,6 110,6
Turkey 83,8 57,8 112,0 113,8 107,3 119,8 36,0 43,0
Morocco 35,8 47,3 57,5 52,5 63,8 80,0 44,3 123,8
4 Med 271,5 334,0 424,8 436,0 435,8 498,3 226,8 83,6
Rest of the
world 80,3 92,1 105,7 108,7 146,4 196,4116,1 144,6
World 1665,6 1816,0 2000,3 2452,0 2877,0 2688,0 1,022.4 61,4
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Graph 1
Spain
4 Med
Rest of the world
World
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
3500.0
1985/86-1988/89 1989/90-1992/93 1993/94-1996/97 1997/98-2000/01 2001/02-2004/05 2005/06-2008/09
T
H
O
U
S
A
N
D
T
O
N
E
S
YEARS
TRENDS OF OLIVE OIL WORLD PRODUCTION
Source: International Olive Oil Council
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Areas with olive trees (hectares)
Country of
production2007
average
estimate
2011
Annual
increase %
increase
ha/year
EU 5.462.000 5.710.000 4,54 41.000
other extra EU 76.000 81.000 6,58 800
Africa 2.949.000 3.211.000 8,88 44.000
Middle East 1.817.000 1.983.000 9,14 28.000
USA 153.000 181.000 18,3 5.000
Asia/Oceania 30.000 32.000 6,67 300
other countries 9.000 na na na
G. Total 10.495.000 11.207.000 6,78 119.000
Source: International Olive Oil Council
Table 2. Areas with olive trees
(hectares)
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Table 3. THE OLIVE OIL WORLD CONSUMPTIONTime period 1985/86 to 2008/09 (4yr averages)
(th. tones)
Source: International Olive Oil Council
Year 1985/86-
1988/89
1989/90-
1992/93
1992/93-
1996/97
1996/97-
2000/01
2000/01-
2004/05
2005/06-
2008/09
+ th.
tones
% of
increase
Greece 202,5 202,3 219,0 255,0 273,3 256,9 54,4 26,9
Italy 655,0 609,3 673,8 711,5 782,5 748,3 93,3 14,2
Spain 391,0 405,6 415,8 540,6 613,0 524,1 133,1 34,0
Portugal 34,6 39,1 59,4 66,4 67,0 77,9 43,4 125,4Rest of EU 38,7 57,5 96,7 170,9 236,6 278,9 240,2 621,1
4 prod. EU
(Sp, It, Gr, Pt) 1283,1 1256,2 1367,9 1573,4 1735,8 1607,2 324,1 25,3
EU 1321,8 1313,7 1464,6 1744,3 1972,3 1886,1 564,3 42,7
Tunisia 48,3 51,9 51,6 54,8 39,5 38,5 -9,8 -20,3
Syria 54,4 62,8 77,5 93,3 124,9 94,8 40,4 74,2
Turkey 56,9 49,8 61,5 75,8 52,8 80,8 23,8 41,9
Morocco 35,0 41,5 40,9 52,5 57,0 63,8 28,8 28,44 prod. Med
(Tn, Tu, Sy, Ma) 194,6 205,9 231,5 276,3 274,1 277,8 83,2 42,7
Rest of the
World 256,8 264,1 331,3 436,3 526,1 604,9 348,2 135,6
World 1773,1 1783,6 2027,4 2456,9 2772,5 2768,8 995,6 56,2
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Graph 2. Trends of olive oil
consumption
Source: International Olive Oil Council
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Source: EU and International Olive Oil Council
Graph 3. OLIVE OIL PRODUCTION AND
CONSUMPTION WORLD TREND 1990/91-2010/11
Annual
growth
Production: 5%
Consumption: 3%
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Greece
Spain Italy
Portugal
1,4 th. tn
1,2th.tn
11,3 th. tn
0,9 th. tn
1,9 th. tn 2,0 th. tn
14,9 th. tn
Graph 4a. Intra-Community trade between
the larger olive oil production countries 2009/10
399,1 th. tn
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Greece
Spain Italy
Portugal
Other EU
countries
13,3 th. tn 1,8th. tn
10,0 th. tn
2,6th. tn
1,0th. tn
Graph 4b. Intra-Community trade between the four major olive
oil production countries and the rest EU Countries 2009/10
131, 3 th. tn
126,5th. tn
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Greece
Spain Italy
Portugal
World
6,4 th. tn
39,5 th. tn1,1 th. tn
17,2 th. tn
55,9 . tn
Graph 4c. Trade among the 4 major producing E.U countries
and the 3rd non EU countries 2009/10
217,5 th. tn
215,3 th. tn
Comments For the first time in
history, Spain
exceeded Italys
exports
Greece average
exports 11,7 th. tn
*olive oil and olive-pomace oil(including Inward Processing)
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Table 4. Imports of virgin oil and pomace oilfrom 3rd countries
Period 2009/10 (th. tones)
Source: International Olive Oil Council
Extra and virgin: 65,9%Pure and refined: 30,6 %Pomace oil : 5,0
IMPORT COUNTRY
Export country
USA CANADA JAPAN BRAZIL AUSTRALIA CHINA
Italy 145.669,2 27.415,1 21.766,4 3.771,5 9.811,9 7.999,2
Spain 67.366,2 1.983,5 17.941,7 12.325,6 21.054,6 8.600,8
Tunisia 25.592,9 2.388,7
Morocco 8.486,1
Turkey 7.962,6 1.143,6 2.431,4 1.105,8
Argentina 5.439,4 7.233,4
Greece 4.217,5 2.799,2 516,5 372,2 1.362,3 1.533,3
Portugal 2.058,8 29.755,0
Australia 2.049,7
France 1.840,7
Other 3.243,6 2.220,1 420,7 346,7 383,8 2.431,3
Total
272.086,6
* 37.950,2 43.076,7 53.804,4 35.559,1 20.564,6
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Table 5. Quantities and Selling prices in the
markets of China and Russia by country of origin
Quantities in tones and prices in (/tn) HEADING 15.09
China Russia
Quantity Price Quantity Price
Total world 10174 3287 17296 3780
Spain 4262 3433 10908 3740
Italy 3258 3279 3885 3890
Greece 1261 2783 592 4060
Turkey 776 28114 549 34060
France 7 3894 7 7020
Source: International Olive Oil Council
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Graph 5. Spanish and Italian virgin olive oil*
export prices (euros/kg)
Source: International Olive Oil Council
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Graph 6. MOVEMENTS IN PRODUCER PRICES
Extra virgin olive oilAverage prices by crop year
Source: International Olive Oil Council
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Graph 7. Producer prices in Greece.Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Extra VerginOliveOil. Producer prices in Greece
YEAR NOMIMAL PRICES
REALDEFLATEDPRICES
(BASEYEAR 2009=100,0)
1988/89 2,44 9,31
1989/90 2,91 9,04
1990/91 4,13 10,87
1991/92 2,59 5,96
1992/93 2,37 4,87
1993/94 2,53 4,70
1994/95 2,66 4,571995/96 3,69 5,91
1996/97 2,82 4,32
1997/98 2,15 3,17
1998/99 2,20 3,16
1999/00 1,89 2,16
2000/01 1,77 2,37
2001/02 2,11 2,73
2002/03 2,02 2,55
2003/04 2,51 3,06
2004/05 2,61 3,07
2005/06 3,25 3,71
2006/07 2,51 2,762007/08 2,56 2,76
2008/09 2,05 2,16
2009/10 2,22 2,22
2010/11 2,15 2,05
9.31
9.04
10.87
5.91
3.71
2.16
2.22
2.05
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
Source: EL. STAT
Elaboration: Olive and Olive Oil
Producer prices in Greece.Real deflated prices (base year 2009=100,0)
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Graph 8. Producer prices for seed oils vs Virgin Olive Oil
200
700
1200
1700
2200
2700
3200
3700
4200
4700
Extra Virgin Olive
Oil
(Spain)
Groundnut Oil (CIF Rott.)Cotton Oil
(FOB Gulf)
Corn Oil
(FOB Gulf)
Sun. Oil (FOB
Argentina)
Palm Oil, crude
(CIF N.W. Eur.)
Soybean Oil
(US. FOB Gulf)
Source: International Olive Oil Council
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Table 6a. Production costs in Greece(/kg)
Professional farmer Non professional farmer Organing agriculture
High
productive
year
Low
productive
year
High
productive
year
Low
productive
year
High
productive
year
Low
productive
year
1,84 7,02 2,29 8,9 2,74 4,45
Source: Survey by ELEOURGIKI (Program 1334/01)
Table 6b. Production costs in Spain (/kg)
Farmer 1.449-3.380 (average 2.293)
Olive mill 0.086-0.686 (average 0.198) Cumulative 1.535-4.066 (2.491)
Packing cost 0.257-0.769 (average 0.564) Cumulative 1.792-4.835 (3.055)
Distribution cost 0.002-0.345 (average 0.116) Cumulative 1.794-5.180 (3.171)
Source: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino (Spain)
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Thank you for your attention!