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Mental Health in the
Workplace
2018 Visayas-Wide Convergence of HRMPsMarch 22-23,2018
Minerva Peregrino-Molon,MD,MPH,FPPA,CESO III
Director IV, DOH RO8
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1. To increase government workers level of understanding of mental health in the workplace
2. To increase awareness of the concept of stress and the stressors in the workplace
3. To be able to detect early symptoms of depression.
4. To identify doable coping strategies both for the self and the organization
5. To identify some stress reduction strategies to be applied in the work place
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A state of wellbeing in which the individual realizes her/his own capabilities; copes with the normal stresses of life; works productively and fruitfully; and makes contribution to the community.
WHO,2016
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Work is good for mental health but a negative working environment can lead to physical and mental health problems
Depression and anxiety have significant economic impact; the estimated cost to the global economy is US$ 1trillion/ year in lost productivity
Harassment and bullying at work are commonly reported problems, and can have substantial adverse impact on mental health
Mental Health in the workplace, Information Sheet, WHO, September,2017
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Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide
Productivity costs of depression associated with absenteeism and presenteeism across 8 countries-Mean annual per person costs for absenteeism were lowest in So. Korea at $181 and highest in Japan $2674;
Mean presenteeism cost per person were highest in USA $5524 and Brazil $5788.
Cost associated with presenteeism tended to be 5-10 times higher than those associated with absenteeism
Global Patterns of Workplace Productivity for people with Depression, Social Psychiatry Epidemiology, September, 2016
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According to WHO, about 75% of the world labour force is based in the developing countries.
Mental illness and in particular Common Mental Disorders such as Depression and Anxiety are among the frequent causes of occupational disability. The burden of the CMDs is under recognized, despite its social impact.
Australian National Survey of Mental Health – only 38% with mental illness sought treatment.
New Zealand Mental Health survey-58% with serious disorders; 36.8% with moderate seek treatment in the preceding 12 months.
Mental health and the Workplace-Issues in Developing Countries, International Journal of Mental Health System, 2009
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20 government agencies in Metro Manila
32% of employees reported experiencing mental health problems at least once in their lifetime.
Most common diagnosis – phobias, alcohol abuse and depression
( DOH-NEC, 2006)
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Adults spend a third of their day in their workplace.
Work holds potential stressors for an individual as he needs to establish himself at his work.
Failure in work tends to devalue an individual’s self esteem.
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Inadequate health and safety policies;
Poor communication and management practices;
Limited participation in decision-making or low control over one’s area of work;
Low levels of support for employees;
Inflexible working hours; and
Unclear tasks or organizational objectives.
(WHO, September 2017)
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Stress refers to some kind of dissatisfaction with self or the situation one is in.
Stress is situational.
Stress is more a perception of the mind rather than a manifestation of conditions of life.
Sometimes an adequate level of constructive stress might lead to better performance or productivity.
Organizational Behavior, Virtual Learning, India,
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1. Organizational Stress-
responsibility without authority
no role in decision making
authoritative leadership
bad working condition
downsizing or restructuring as their livelihood is at stake
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2. Extraorganizational Stress-
Globalization
Technological or societal change
Family problems
Financial crisis
Personal Health
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3. Group Stress
Differences in opinion of individuals in the group
Individual interests
Politics within the group
Acceptance or rejection by the group
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4. Individual Stress
Time stress- when short of time for action
Anticipatory stress-while worrying about the future
Situational stress- when in uncontrollable situation; or emergency
Encounter stress- when is supposed to personally interact with too many people in a day.
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Physical Problems- Chronic stress disturb the whole system of the body. Long term stress leads to musculoskeletal system problems, employees take time to recover, affecting relationships.
Psychological Problems-Constant and high level of stress generates anger, aggression, depression, irritation resulting to arguments
Behavioral Problems-A highly stressed person tends to take an off from his work too frequently, even gave up if too pressured.
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A major depressive episode must have at least 2 weeks, and typically a person with a diagnosis of a major depressive episode also experiences at least four symptoms from a list that includes changes in appetite and weight, changes in sleep and activity, lack of energy, feelings of guilt, problems thinking and making decisions, and recurring thoughts of death and or suicide.
Synopsis in Psychiatry, 11the edition, Kaplan and Saddock’s,2015
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Lifetime Rate
1. Major Depressive Episode
RangeAverage
5-1712
2. Dysthymic Disorder RangeAverage
3-65
3. Minor Depressive Disorder
Range 10
4. Recurrent Brief Depressive Episode
Range 16
Synopsis in Psychiatry, 11th edition, Kaplan and Sadock’s, 2015
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Sex- 2 fold greater prevalence of major depressive disorder in women than men
Age- Mean age of onset of major depressive disorder is 40 years old; 50% of all patients with onset between 20-50 years old.
Marital status- Major depressive disorder occurs most often in persons without close interpersonal relationships and in those who are divorced or separated.
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Psychosocial factor- Life events play a primary role in depression. Losing a parent before 11 y.o.; losing a spouse; unemployment are risk factors. Recent stressful events are most powerful predictors of the onset of a depressive episode.
Socioeconomic – Depression is more common in rural areas than in urban
Synopsis Of Psychiatry, 11th edition, Kaplan and Sadock’s,2015
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1.Patients say they feel blue, hopeless, in the dumps, worthless
2. Emotion is describe as one of agonizing emotional pain and complain of being unable to cry.
3. 60% contemplate suicide, 10-15% commit suicide
4. 97% reduced energy, difficulty of completing tasks
5. 80%-trouble sleeping, early morning awakening
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6. decreased appetite and weight loss
7. 90% with anxiety symptoms
8. Abnormal menses, decreased interest and performance in sexual activity
9. 84% subjective report of inability to concentrate
10. 67% impairment in thinking
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Enhance the adult’s good coping mechanisms as they gain more tasks and responsibilities.
Maintain overall health and work efficiency of workers.
Facilitate good interpersonal relations among workers.
Provide for a stress-free environment.
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Formulation and implementation of fair and just policies
Employee participation in the formulation, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of policies
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The space allotted for each workers should be adequate, that is, he/she is able to move freely as demanded by the tasks to be done
Screens on doors and windows are installed when necessary, adequate lighting, electric fans and/or air conditioning units areprovided.
Piped–in music has been proven to increase worker satisfaction as well as their feeling of wellbeing.
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Monthly meetings by unit supervisors/managers can be used to clarify issues and concerns including ventilation of grievances from the staff.
Team – building seminars and workshops are conducted to build good interpersonal relations and create a feeling of oneness among the employees.
Staff outings, often including some members of the worker’s family, may be held to provide employees with respite from routines. The brief change in environment provides stress relief.
Physical fitness activities (for about 30 minutes) such as aerobics and tai chi can be held once a week not only to promote physical activity among employees but also provide a venue for doing things together and nurturing a sense of belonging.
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Organizations have responsibility to support individuals with mental disorders in either continuing or returning to work.
In particular- flexible hours, job redesign, addressing negative workplace dynamics, and supportive and confidential communication with management can help them return to work.
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1. Protect mental health by reducing work-related risk factors
2. Promote mental health by developing positive aspects of work and building the strenght of employees-
3. Address mental health problems regardless of its cause.
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COMMON COPING STRATEGIES
MASSAGE
MEDITATE
SEXGET HELP
CRY
SLEEP
SMOKE
SHOP
HIKE
SPORTS
SIGHTSEE EAT
WALK JOG
LAUGH
MUSIC
EXERCISE
THELMA S. BARRERA, RN
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Individual Coping Strategies
The employees are personally accountable for reducing the stress level and work-life balance in their life.
A. Time management-
B. Physical exercise
C. Relaxation techniques
D. Social Network
E. Self Control
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Organizational Strategies
A. Specific Goals and regular feedback of performance
B. Employee Involvement-
C. Strong Communication
D. Reward Employees-Recognition as greatest human reward
Sabbatical Leaves
Wellness programs
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TALK IT OUT
ESCAPE FOR A WHILE (change of environment)
WORK OFF YOUR ANGER
THELMA S. BARRERA, RN
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GIVE IN OCCASIONALLY
DO SOMETHING FOR OTHERS
TAKE ONE THING AT A TIME
THELMA S. BARRERA, RN
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MAKE YOURSELF “AVAILABLE”
SCHEDULE YOUR RECREATION
THELMA S. BARRERA, RN
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SMILE
SIESTA
SPORTS
SOCIALS
SCHEDULING
SPEAK TO ME
SPIRITUALITY
THELMA S. BARRERA, RN
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SOUNDS & SONGS
SELF AWARENESS
STRESS DEBRIEFING
SENSATION TECHNIQUES
SENSIBLE DIET & EXERCISE
THELMA S. BARRERA, RN
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Go home on time
Take a lunch break
Set Realistic Deadlines
Take your holiday leave
Allocate time to do the things you enjoy
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God grant me the serenityTo accept the things I cannot change;Courage to change the things I can;And wisdom to know the difference.
Living one day at a time;Enjoying one moment at a time;Accepting hardships as the pathway to peace;Taking, as He did, this sinful worldAs it is, not as I would have it;Trusting that He will make all things rightIf I surrender to His Will;So that I may be reasonably happy in this lifeAnd supremely happy with HimForever and ever in the next.
Amen.
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◦Thank your
◦for listening
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2018 Visayas-Wide Convergence of Human Resource Management Practitioners
hr convergence
2018 Visayas-Wide Convergence of Human Resource Management Practitioners
The Oriental Leyte, Baras, Palo, LeyteMarch 22-23, 2018