Mercury Measurement Programs within NOAA/ARL
Steve Brooks, Mark Cohen, Steve Brooks, Mark Cohen, Tilden Meyers, Paul Kelley, Winston LukeTilden Meyers, Paul Kelley, Winston Luke
NOAA/Air Resources LaboratoryNOAA/Air Resources Laboratory
Prepared for the NOAA Atmospheric Mercury MeetingPrepared for the NOAA Atmospheric Mercury MeetingNovember 14November 14--15, 2006, Silver Spring, MD15, 2006, Silver Spring, MD
I. Intensive MonitoringI. Intensive Monitoring
Previous Intensive Measurements:Previous Intensive Measurements:Cove Cove MtnMtn, TN , TN --Summer 2002Summer 2002Gulf of Mexico (Ship) Gulf of Mexico (Ship) ––Summer 2003Summer 2003Oxford and Oxford and WyeWye, MD , MD ––Summer 2004Summer 2004HarcumHarcum, VA , VA ––Summer 2005Summer 2005TEXAQSII, Moody Towers TEXAQSII, Moody Towers ––Summer 2006Summer 2006
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Hour of Day
ng m
-3
Harcum, VAOxfordWyeGulf of Mex.Cove Mtn.ELA, Canada
Diurnal Hg(0) ConcentrationsDiurnal Hg(0) Concentrations
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Hour of Day
pg m
-3
Harcum, VAOxfordWyeGulf of Mex.Cove Mtn.
Diurnal HgDiurnal Hg--p Concentrationsp Concentrations
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Hour of Day
pg m
-3
Harcum, VAOxfordWyeGulf of Mex.Cove Mtn.ELA, Canada
Diurnal RGM ConcentrationsDiurnal RGM Concentrations
10 - 2020 - 50
50 - 100
100 – 200
Symbol size andshape indicates 1999 emissionsof Hg(II) (kg/yr)
coal
incinerator
metals
manuf/other
Symbol colorindicates typeof mercury source
other fuel
9 AM - 7 PMother times
200pg/m3
100pg/m3
Concentration of RGM as a function of wind
direction at Oxford (Jun-Aug, 2004)
1999 RGM emissions near Oxford, Maryland
Wind speed and direction at Oxford (Jun-Aug, 2004)
Hg(0), RGM, Hg-p -TEXAQSII/Moody Towers 2006
0102030405060708090
100
240 240.5 241 241.5 242 242.5 243 243.5 244 244.5 245Julian Decimal Day, 2006
[RG
M, H
g-p]
pg
m-3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
[Hg(
0)] n
g m
-3
RGM
Hg-p
Hg(0)
Hg(0), RGM, Hg-p -TEXAQSII/Moody Towers 2006
0102030405060708090
100
275 275.5 276 276.5 277 277.5 278 278.5 279 279.5 280Julian Decimal Day, 2006
[RG
M, H
g-p]
pg
m-3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
[Hg(
0)] n
g m
-3
RGM
Hg-p
Hg(0)
NERILABTOP
Ultrasonic anemometer Ultrasonic anemometercontroller box
Switch controlbox
Mass flow controller
Switching valves
Pump
Heating mantels with denuders
II. Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (RGM)II. Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (RGM)
III. LongIII. Long--term Monitoringterm Monitoring
Canaan Valley Institute-NOAA
BeltsvilleEPA-NOAA
Three sites committed to speciated mercury
ambient concentration measurement network
Grand BayNOAA
Motivation and Goals Motivation and Goals •• Establish longEstablish long--term data record of ambient term data record of ambient
concentrations (Hgconcentrations (Hg00, RGM, FPM) & Wet Deposition, RGM, FPM) & Wet Deposition
•• Discern trends in atmospheric concentrationsDiscern trends in atmospheric concentrations
•• Derive dry deposition estimatesDerive dry deposition estimates
•• Concurrent measurements of secondary and coConcurrent measurements of secondary and co--emitted primary pollutantsemitted primary pollutants
•• Elucidate sourceElucidate source--receptor relationshipsreceptor relationships
•• Correlation with ancillary trace species to better Correlation with ancillary trace species to better understand the origins and chemical cycling of understand the origins and chemical cycling of mercury in the atmospheremercury in the atmosphere
•• Data set for model evaluation Data set for model evaluation
Grand Bay NERR SiteGrand Bay NERR Site
Grand Bay Grand Bay Estuarine Estuarine Research ReserveResearch Reserve
10
Barry
Holcim Cement
NOAA Grand BayNERR Hg site
WeeksBay
OLF
Molino
Pace
Ellyson
Jack Watson
AL24
AL02
Crist
Pascagoula MSW incin
haz waste incin
paper manufpaper manuf
Victor J. Daniel
MobileBay
Mobile
Pascagoula
Mississippi Alabama
NOAA
SEARCH
USGS
UWF/FSU
MDN
Monitoring Site
coal-fired power plant
waste incinerator
manufacturing
metallurgical
other fuel combustion
type of mercuryemissions source
total atmosphericmercury emissions (kg/yr, 1999 EPA NEI)
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 400
1 – 50
Location of the new NOAA Grand Bay NERR Atmospheric Mercury monitoring site, other atmospheric Hg monitoring sites, and major Hg point sources in the region (EPA 1999 NEI emissions inventory)
1
10 km
Pascagoula MSW Incinerator
Pascagoula, MS
1
Grand Bay NERR SiteGrand Bay NERR Site
1 km
30.4294, -88.4277
30.412, -88.404
1
Grand Bay NERR SiteGrand Bay NERR Site
BB
BB
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
TypeType
**Relative HumidityRelative Humidity
**Wind DirectionWind Direction
**Wind speedWind speed
**Nitrogen Oxides (NO, Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NOyNOy))
Oct 2006Oct 2006Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide
Oct 2006Oct 2006OzoneOzone
Oct 2006Oct 2006Sulfur dioxideSulfur dioxide
Sept 2006Sept 2006Reactive gaseous mercuryReactive gaseous mercury
Sept 2006Sept 2006Elemental mercuryElemental mercury
**Major ions in precipitationMajor ions in precipitation
**Total mercury in precipitationTotal mercury in precipitation
**PrecipitationPrecipitation
**TemperatureTemperature
Sept 2006Sept 2006Fine particulate mercuryFine particulate mercury
Start DateStart DateMeasurementMeasurement
Type of Measurement:A = concentration in ambient airB = concentration in precipitationC = meteorological parameter
Status of Atmospheric MeasurementsStatus of Atmospheric Measurementsat Grand Bay NERR, Mississippiat Grand Bay NERR, Mississippi
* to be established
1
View looking south and west from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServView looking south and west from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ice Pavilion at Grand Bay NERRPavilion at Grand Bay NERR
15
Pictures of Planned (Eventual) Monitoring SitePictures of Planned (Eventual) Monitoring Site
View looking east from the U.S. Fish View looking east from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pavilion at and Wildlife Service Pavilion at Grand Bay NERRGrand Bay NERR
coal
incinerator
metals
manuf/other
Symbol colorindicates typeof mercury source
1 - 5050 - 100
100 - 200
200 – 400
400 - 700
700 – 1000
> 1000
Symbol size andshape indicates 1999 mercuryemissions, kg/yr
rural AQS
NADP/MDN
CASTNet
IMPROVE
Monitoring sites
other AQS
Hg site
100 miles from DC
Bremo
Beltsville monitoring site
Morgantown
Chalk Point
Dickerson
Possum Point
Large Incinerators: 3 medical waste,
1 MSW, 1 haz waste(Total Hg ~ 500 kg/yr)
Brunner Island
Eddystone
Arlington - Pentagon MSW Incin
Brandon Shores and H.A. Wagner
Montgomery CountyMSW Incin
Beltsville, MDBeltsville, MDCASTNetCASTNet SiteSite
Harford County MSW Incin
Simplified wet/dry depositionSimplified wet/dry deposition
no plume chemistryno plume chemistry
EDASEDAS--40 km met data (340 km met data (3--hr res) hr res)
results displayed are the concentration results displayed are the concentration averaged between 0averaged between 0--10 meters above the 10 meters above the ground for a 1 gram/hr continuous ground for a 1 gram/hr continuous emissions rateemissions rate
Morgantown RGM ~120 kg/yr or ~14 g/hrMorgantown RGM ~120 kg/yr or ~14 g/hr
Example Example ---- 1010--1111 g/m3 (dark blue) is in the g/m3 (dark blue) is in the range 10range 10--1111 to 10to 10--99 ~ 140 ~ 140 –– 14,000 pg/m314,000 pg/m3
Example Example ---- 1010--1313 g/m3 (green) is in the range g/m3 (green) is in the range 1010--1313 to 10to 10--1111 ~ 1.4 ~ 1.4 -- 140 pg/m3140 pg/m3
Simple dispersion example for emissions from Simple dispersion example for emissions from Morgantown coalMorgantown coal--fired power plantfired power plant
Beltsville site
18
11-Aug-05 16-Aug-05 21-Aug-05 26-Aug-05 31-Aug-05 05-Sep-05 10-Sep-050.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Hg(
0) c
once
ntra
tion
(ng/
m3)Hg(0)
data generously provided for discussion purposes by Fabien Laurier
Hg Concentrations at Beltsville
Note – times shown are UTC, e.g., 7 PM UTC = 3 PM Eastern Daylight Savings Time
11-Aug-05 16-Aug-05 21-Aug-05 26-Aug-05 31-Aug-05 05-Sep-05 10-Sep-050
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
RG
M c
once
ntra
tion
(pg/
m3) RGM
data generously provided for discussion purposes by Fabien Laurier
Hg Concentrations at Beltsville
Note – times shown are UTC, e.g., 7 PM UTC = 3 PM Eastern Daylight Savings Time
SOSO4422--, NO, NO33
--, NH, NH33, NH, NH44++, HNO, HNO33, SO, SO22 (Hourly) (Hourly)
SOSO4422--, NO, NO33
--, NH, NH44++, HNO, HNO33, SO, SO22 (Weekly) (Weekly)
Relative HumidityRelative HumidityWind DirectionWind DirectionWind speedWind speed
Nitrogen Oxides (NO, Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NOyNOy))Carbon MonoxideCarbon MonoxideOzoneOzoneSulfur dioxideSulfur dioxideReactive gaseous mercuryReactive gaseous mercury
Elemental mercuryElemental mercury
Major ions in precipitation (weekly)Major ions in precipitation (weekly)Total mercury in precipitation (weekly)Total mercury in precipitation (weekly)
PrecipitationPrecipitationTemperatureTemperature
Fine particulate mercuryFine particulate mercury
MeasurementMeasurement
Status of Atmospheric MeasurementsStatus of Atmospheric Measurementsat Beltsville, MD at Beltsville, MD CASTNetCASTNet SiteSite