![Page 1: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mesoamerican Biological Corridor
and the Environmental
Goods, Services and Impacts.
Mesoamerican Biologicas Corridor – promotes conservation of biodiversity and
economic development
Rado Barzev (MSc), [email protected]
![Page 2: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mesoamérica (Central America and the South of Mexico) is a region between two continental bodies (North and South America), that is a natural biological bridge, making possible the flow of flora and fauna.
![Page 3: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Out of the 250,000 species, described worldwide, about 20000 can be found in the Region.
BIOLOGICAL TREASURES MESOAMERICAS
Mesoamérica
0.5%
World Territory World Biodiversity
Mesoamérica
10%
![Page 4: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BIODIVERSITY
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
PLANTS ANIMALS
SOIL, ENERGY, AIR, WATER
ECOSYSTEMS
INDIVIDUALS
COMMUNITY
ASSOCIATION
GENES
![Page 5: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BIODIVERSITY = ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES
![Page 6: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Genetic ResourcesRaw materials for the
pharmaceutics
GENES
Biological ControlFood ProductionWood, Fire Wood
SPECIES
Soil formationWater supply and quality
Erosion controlClimate regulation
Nutrients RecyclingFlood control
Oxygen production and carbon sequestrationLandscapes
Species habitatWaste recycling
ECOSYSTEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES
![Page 7: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
MARKET PRICES FOR SOME GENETIC RESOURCES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES (US $/KG)
Growth Hormones 20,000,000.Taxotere-Docetaxol (anti leukemia) 12,000,000.Viscristine sulfato 11,900,000.Cocaine 150,000.Camptothecin 85,000.Anti AIDS 5,000.Tiger bone 3,000.Shark oil 550.Coffee 10.Cotton 1.5
![Page 8: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Land use planning under CBM
Environmental Goods and Services
Protected Areas
MBC
BIODIVERSITY
![Page 9: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FRAGMENTATION
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
Z
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
xxx
x
x
x
x
x
yyyy
y
y
y
y
y
xzz
zz
zz
![Page 10: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Biological CorridorsZ
X
YY
XX
X
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
X
YX
XX
X
Y
Y ZZ
Z
Z
YX
XX
X
Y
Y
ZZ
xy
xx
x
yy
yyx
zz
x
x
y z
y
z
x
xy
y
z
z
![Page 11: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Protected Areas
Country X
Example of land use planning in order to establish the
Mesoamercian Biological Corridor
![Page 12: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biological Corridors
![Page 13: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Buffer zones
![Page 14: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mesoamerican Biological Corridor
A corridor of protected areas surrounded by other multiuse and nature friendly areas
![Page 15: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The neighbor country Y
Protected Areas
![Page 16: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Repeat the process
![Page 17: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
MBC spreads
![Page 18: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
* A land use planning system for the Central American Protected Areas System (SICAP), including buffer zones and multiuse areas.
* It provides several environmental goods and services to the central American society and also benefits societies from all over the world.
* The system promotes as well the sustainable use of the natural resources. This happens through a process of consulting a wide range of population in order to improve the sustainable livelihoods.
DEFINITION OF THE MBC (SUMMARY)
![Page 19: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
COMPONENTS OF THE MBC – The Project
I. Strengthen the Institutional Capacity of Management of the MBC.
II. Strengthen the Sustainability Conditions of the MBC.
III. Establish construction processes for Local Biological Corridors, focusing on the border areas.
![Page 20: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CCAD - Central American Commission for the Environment and Development
Agendas
(1) Green (2) Grey
Biodiversity, EGS
Envir. Benefits
Clean Production/ Pollution
Envir. Costs
Economic Instruments for the Conservation in the Mesoamerican Biolgical Corridor
MBC
![Page 21: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
MESOAMERICAN BIOLOGICAL CORRIDOR
Map Source: DCW, 1975 ; CIAT, 1998; USGS, 1995
RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA MAYA
GOLFO DE HONDURAS
SOLIDARIDAD
CAYOS MISQUITOS
TRIFINIO
GOLFO DE FONSECA
BAHIA DE SALINAS SIAPAZ
PILA
GANDOCA-BOCAS
RB DARIEN
Priority Areas of the Central American Protected Areas
System
![Page 22: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
OBJECTIVES
General:
Analyze and make available the results from the efforts in Economic Valuation of the Natural Resources in the Region and the Establishment of Payments for the Use of the Environmental Goods and Services.
Specifics:
Introduce the concepts and methodologies in economic valuation of the natural resources and the establishment of Payments for the Use of the Environmental Goods and Services.
Describe the process of negotiation between the supply and the demand of the natural resources, in order to establish the Payments for the Environmental Goods and Services (PES) (key players, environmental funds, environmental commission, environmental legislation).
Determine the economic viability of the implementation of the Payments for the Environmental Goods and Services (conservation of the biodiversity).
Present some successful experiences of PES in Central America.
![Page 23: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Environmental Goods – Tangible Products of hte Nature (Row materials)
Environmental Services – Ecosystemic Functions that benefit Humans
- Water for Domestic use- Water for the Agriculture- Water for Industrial use- Wood- Medicine Plants- Firewood - Seeds- Food- Plants y Fruits - Other products of the forest- Biological raw material- Flora and fauna- Handicraft- Cattle- Agricultural products.
- Underground water supply - Soil water retention- Soil protection- Carbon sequestration- Flood control- Erosion control- Nutrients retention- Landscape attraction- Watershed protection
ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES THAT GENERATES AN ECOSYSTEM
![Page 24: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Crops
Natural Protected Areas
Natural Forest
Plantations
CommunitiesPrivate lands
Natural Protected Areas
Private lands
Plantations
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES (ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES)
![Page 25: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ENVIRONMENT- Ecosystem
-Protected Areas-Watershed
ECONOMICS
Wastes: Impacts, Externalities
Environmental Goods and Services
Decision making ExtractionTransformation
Benefits
Costs
Consumption
Production Costs (PC) Distribution Costs (DC)
Contamination Costs (CC)
Environmental Costs (EC) = Depreciation
Costs + Reposition and Recycling Costs
Benefits > Costs
(Costs = PC + DC + CC + EC)
USE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
![Page 26: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Achieve an environmental management
system:
A) Internalize the Environmental Costs: With the Cost/Benefit analysis find out if Benefits are higher than Costs.
B) Costs Reduction: Cost/Efficiency analysis to achieve the productive goals at the lowest costs possible.
Economic viability and
competitiveness
CONSERVACION: Management and use of the biodiversity, guaranteeing the higher and most sustainable benefits, without
endangering its potential for the future generation.
It implies activities such as protection, maintenance, sustainable use, restoration and improvement of the environment.
![Page 27: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE
Direct Use Value
Indirect Use Value
Use Value Non Use Value
Option Value Existence Value
- Species
- Habitat Conservation
- Biodiversity Protection
- Pharmaceutics Potential
- Recreational Potential
-Wood-Firewood- Food products- Handicraft- Water supply-Landscape and- Tourism- Medicines-Construction materials- Raw materials- Research- Education-Plant and Animal Species
- Endangered Species
- Esthetic Value
- Cultural and Historical Values
- Flood Control
- Disaster Prevention
- Erosion Control
- Nutrients Retention
- Water Quality
- Habitat
- Oxygen Production
- Carbon Sequestration
- Watershed protection
VET=VUD+VUI+VO+VE
TEV = Total Economic Value
DUV = Direct Use Value
IUV = Indirect Use Value
OV = Option Value
EV = Existence Value
![Page 28: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Methodologies
Effects measured Valuation bases
A) Objective Valuation
1. Change in Productivity Productivity Technical/physical Assumed behavior
2. Health Costs Health(Desease)
Technical/physical Assumed behavior
3. Human Capital Health(Deth)
Technical/physical Assumed behavior
4. Replacement Costs Capital, Natural Resources
Technical/physical Assumed behavior
Economic Valuation Methodologies
![Page 29: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
B) Subjective Valuation
1. Preventive and Mitigation Costs
Health, Productivity, Capital, Natural Resources
Revealed behavior
2. Hedonic PricesProperty Values
Wage Differential
Environmental quality
Health
Revealed behavior
3. Travel Cost Natural Resources quality Revealed behavior
4. Contingent Valuation Health, Natural Resources quality
Revealed behavior
![Page 30: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
X
Px
EXTERNALITIES
Private Marginal Cost - Supply
Social Marginal Cost – Negative Externalities
Social Marginal Cost – Positive Externalities
Price Reduction
Price Increment
Demand
![Page 31: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
BENEFITS FOR THE ECONOMY
AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY SERVICES
Water for domestic use X
Water for the agriculture X
Water for the industry XSustainable wood production X
Firewood X
Carbon sequestration X
Carbon avoided emissions X
Agricultura y Ganadería X
Landscape and potential for tourism X
BENEFITS PER SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY X X X
TOTAL OF BENEFITS X
BIENES Y SERVICIOS AMBIENTALES
SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY
![Page 32: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SERVICIO AMBIENTAL
OWNERLocal
Mechanisms
COUNTRYNational
Mechanisms
THE WORLDInternational Mechanisms
Sustainable Wood Production
Water for different use
Landscape
Biodiversity
Carbon sequestration
BENEFITS DISTRIBUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ECONOMIC MECHANISMS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES PAYMENTS
![Page 33: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
PHYSICAL INDICATORS
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
ASSESMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS
![Page 34: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ECONOMIC VALUATION METHODOLOGIES
Costs
Benefits
![Page 35: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Damage by each additional unit of contamination
Cost for each unit of contamination mitigated
Costs
Contamination
MITIGATION COSTS FOR THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS (EXTERNALITIES)
Q2 Q1
C2
C1
![Page 36: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
LA NEGOCIACIÓN – SITUACIÓN “TODO EL MUNDO GANA (WIN-WIN SITUATION)
Up the
River
Down the
River
$
Q equilibrium Q2 Q1Q0
Level of Production and Level of Contamination
A
B
Benefits for each additional unit of commodity
Costs for each additional unit of contamination
![Page 37: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
ECOSISTEM
SUPPLYOwners of the
Natural Resources
DEMANDConsumers
Charging Consumers
Paying the Owner of the
Natural Resources
Environmental Services
Commission
PES:- Fees- Environmental Taxes- Trading Permissions- Licenses- Penalty, etc.
Environmental Fund
Paying the Nature
PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES (PES)
![Page 38: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
BASIC PROCEDURES FOR ESTABLISHING PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Identify the consumers of the Environmental Goods and Services (the Demand). Physical and economic quantification of the Demand.
Identify the owners of the Environmental Goods and Services (the Supply). Physical and economic valuation of the Demand.
Determine and characterize the geographic area where the PES will be implemented.
Determine the Investment and Costs required for implementing activities for sustainable management of the Environmental Services considered.
Economic valuation of the Environmental Goods and Services: Quantify in monetary terms the Supply and Demand.
![Page 39: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Establishing economic mechanisms for capturing financial resources (establishing the Payments for Environmental Services).
Form the Environmental Services Commission. This commission will be in charge of monitoring the process of implementation of the PES.
Establishing the Environmental Fund.
Based on negotiations, agreements are achieved and there will be contractual relationship between Owners and Consumers.
Hire experts who will provide technical assistance on activities required for the conservation of the Environmental Goods and Services (Technological changes – Environmental Management System).
Certification of the Environmental Management System proposed. Monitoring the Environmental Management System implemented and the PES established.
![Page 40: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES COMMISSION
Help negotiation process between owners and consumers.
Monitor the transparent use of the Environmental Funds.
Involve different sectors of society into the Conservatión Effort proposed through the establishment of PES.
Coordinate activities with Certification Experts.
Coordinate activities con Experts on Technical Assistance.
![Page 41: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Environmental Problem
Needs Demands
EV Study and other technical studies
Economic Mechanism Proposal
Negotiation
Environmental management policies change
Implementation
Training
The Process of establishing the PES Programme
![Page 42: Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and the Environmental Goods, Services and Impacts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56814e4a550346895dbbcdd5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
THANK YOU