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Metabolic Biochemistry
Lecture 9August 19, 2005
Oxidative phosphorylationOther Pathways of
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Photosynthesis
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Import of
NADH
into mitochondria
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LNC 19-27
Example of a shuttle for oxidizing NADH from the cytosol
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LNC 19-26
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Getting ATP and ADP
in and out of
mitochondria
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LNC 19-25
Biological work
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for NADH: P/O ratio ~ 2.5for succinate: P/O ratio ~ 1.5
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SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION
GAP + Pi + NAD+ NADH + 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate + ADP ATP + 3 phosphoglycerate
1 ATP produced per NAD+ reducedper GAP used upper 3-PG produced
There is a precise stoichiometry
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OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
NADH + 1/2 O2 + H+ NAD+ + H2O~ 3 ADP + ~ 3 Pi ~ 3ATP
<3 ATP produced per NADH oxidizedper H2O producedper 1/2 O2 consumed
(P/O ratio ~ 2.5)
There is no precise stoichiometry, because protons can find other paths to return to the matrix
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When succinate is the substrate, the P/O ratio is ~1.5,
because only two pumps are used (only 6 protons are pumped per succinate)
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Regulation of OXPHOS:
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Mitochondria contain DNA (~16.5 kb)
mtDNA encodes
2 rRNAs22 tRNAs
13 proteins (in animals)
mtDNA can have mutations causingmitochondrial diseases
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GLUCONEOGENESIS
LNC Chapter 14, Section 14.4
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE SHUNT
LNC Chapter 14, Section 14.5
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LNC Fig. 14-15
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PhosphoenolpyruvatePEP
fructose-1,6 bisphosphate
phosphatase
phosphatase
pyruvate
first bypass
third bypass
second bypass
LNC Fig. 14-16
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BIOTIN is a co-factor utilized for
CARBOXYLATION REACTIONS
THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE (TPP)
is a co-factor utilized for
DECARBOXYLATION REACTIONS
LNC Fig. 14-18
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in muscle
in liver
first bypass
LNC Fig. 14-19
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Chapter 15, Section 15.3 (pp.575)
Coordinated Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
emphasis on regulation of
phosphofructokinase-1 and
fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
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LNC Fig. 14-16
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Phosphofructokinase-1
4 identical subunits (two shown)
1 active site per subunit
1 site for allosteric regulator (ADP/ATP)
LNC Fig. 15.18
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Phosphofructokinase-1PFK-1
Fructose bis-phosphataseFBPase
LNC Fig. 15-22
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LNC Fig. 15-23
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THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAYSection 14.5
two significant products: ribose-phosphate
NADPH
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End of Lecture 9
August 19, 2005