![Page 1: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MetabolismTom Ransom
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
October 19. 2017
![Page 2: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Relationships with commercial interests:
Grants/research support: Research trials: Principal/Sub Investigator, CDHA, Endocrinology Research, Centre for Clinical
Research. Sanofi, Astra Zenica, BMS, Merck, Sepracor, Pfizer, Servier, Lilly, Abbott, GSK,
Novartis, Novo Nordisk
Speaker’s bureau/honoraria: Speaking honoraria: Sanofi, Astra Zenica, BMS, Merck, Sepracor, Pfizer, Servier, Lilly, Abbott,
GSK, Novartis, Novo Nordisk
Consulting fees: Advisory Boards: Merck & Co., Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Valeant
Other:
Conflicts of Interest
![Page 3: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline
• Define
• Basal metabolic rate/energy expenditure
• Hormones and Metabolism
• Discusion
![Page 4: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages
• metabolism
• Etymology
• From French métabolisme, from Ancient Greek μεταβολή (metabolḗ, “change”), from μετά (metá, “meta-”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”).
• pronunciation[edit]
• IPA(key): /məˈtæbəlɪzəm/
• Noun
• metabolism (countable and uncountable, plural metabolisms)
• 1.(physiology) The complete set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells.
![Page 5: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ATP is the currency
![Page 7: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Kreb’s Cycle
![Page 8: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Food is the Fuel
![Page 9: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bomb Calorimetry
![Page 10: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atwater numbers
• Think caloric density• 1 gram protein = 4 kcal
• 1 gram CHO = 4 kcal
• 1 gram fat = 9 kcal
• 1 gram EtOH = 7 kcal
• 3500 kcal = 1 pound
One calorie is the amount of energy required to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius at sea level
![Page 12: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Which meal has more calories?
![Page 13: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Diet Induced Thermogenesis
![Page 14: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Effects of Exerciseon Metabolic Rate
• Exercise dramatically increases metabolic rate
• Rate remains elevated for extended period afterwards (excess post-exercise O2consumption)• Duration depends on intensity of exercise
• Long-term exercise may elevate resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Speakman JR, et al: Proc Nutr Soc 2003; 62(3):621-34.
15
![Page 16: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Glycogen
Associated with lots of water
![Page 17: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Carbohydrate Loading
![Page 18: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Carbohydrate Depletion (dehydration)
![Page 19: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Weight change during a triathlon
TABLE 1. Body weights (kg) and changes in body weight (kg) of triathletes competing in the 2000 South African Ironman triathlon*** P < 0.0001. From: Sharwood: Clin J Sport Med, Volume 12(6).November 2002.391-399
![Page 20: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hitting the Wall
![Page 21: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
40 seconds tops
![Page 22: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Communication in the Body
• “Electrical” – Nervous System • “Signals” - Hormonal
![Page 23: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hormone
• Greek hormao (to arouse or excite)
• Substance that is secreted into the circulation by endocrine glands and acts as a chemical effector in other tissues• May stimulate or supress
![Page 24: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Types of hormones
• Classically a hormone is secreted into the blood and acts on distant tissues, e.g. IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) produced from the liver
• Paracrine – act within the same tissue, e.g. testosterone stimulates spematogenesis in the adjacent seminiferous tubules.
• Autocrine – act within the same cell, e.g. prostaglandins from adipocytes influence adipocyte growth
• Those secreted from nerve endings, e.g. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
![Page 25: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hormone structure
• Steroids – cortisol, estradiol
• Proteins - insulin
• Tyrosine (an amino acid) derivatives – thyroid hormones and catocholamines
![Page 26: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hormone structure• Steroids and thyroid hormones are fat soluble and
diffuse across cell membranes to bind intracellular receptors• In order to be “soluble” in blood they require carrier
proteins, i.e binding globulins
• Protein hormones and catacholamines are water soluble and require cell surface receptors and elicit their effects through second messangers• Most protein hormones have binding globulins as well
![Page 27: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hormone levels vary as a function of age
2
0 20 40 60 80
Age (years)
Testo
ste
rone (
mg/d
)
4
6
8
Morley JE, et al. Metabolism 1997
![Page 28: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Seasonal variations of hormones
![Page 29: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Monthly variations
![Page 30: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Daily variations
![Page 31: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Pulsatility over the day
![Page 32: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Pulsatility from minute to minute
![Page 33: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Pituitary is the Master Gland
![Page 34: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Who is this?
36
![Page 37: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Sample feedback loop
![Page 39: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Hyperprolactinemia
![Page 40: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
This woman presented with carpal tunnel syndrome
![Page 44: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
An elderly gentleman presents with confusion and weight loss
![Page 45: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Simple Approach to Endocrinopathies
• If a hormone is lacking replace it
• If there is too much of a hormone suppress it chemically or surgically
![Page 46: Metabolism - Dalhousie University · Wiktionary, the free dictionary 5,369,740 entries with English definitions from over 3,650 languages •metabolism •Etymology •From French](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041206/5d5b7e7988c99342048b7944/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)