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Metabolism: Energy Release and Conservation of Energy
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MetabolismAll biochemical reactions in a cell
AnabolismSynthesizing complex molecules from simpler ones
CatabolismBreaking complex molecules into simpler ones
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Autotrophs - self feeders
Heterotrophs - other feeders
Chemoorganotrophs
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Redox Reactions
ReductionGain of Electrons
OxidationLoss of Electrons
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Reduction Potential: E0’
1/2O2 + 2e- + 2 H+ → H2O (+0.816V)
2e- + 2H+ → H2 (-0.421V)
Tendency of substance to donate electrons
∆E0’ ~ release of free energy
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Fermentations• oxidation of NADH
produced by glycolysis
• pyruvate or derivative used as endogenous electron acceptor
• ATP formed by substrate-level phosphorylation
Figure 9.9
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Figure 9.10
homolacticfermenters
heterolacticfermenters
foodspoilage
yogurt,sauerkraut,pickles, etc.
alcoholicfermentation
alcoholicbeverages,bread, etc.
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Electron transport system
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32
Metabolic strategies
Pathwaysinvolved
Final e- acceptor ATP yield
Aerobic respiration
Glycolysis, TCA, ET
O2 38
Anaerobic respiration
Glycolysis, TCA, ET
NO3-, SO4
-2, CO3
-3Variable34 – 36
Fermentation Glycolysis Organic molecules
2
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