Download - Metal Alloys Making
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METAL ALLOYSMaking Process
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Iron and Steel
Making Process
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From Iron Ore and Limestone
Blast Furnace
Iron Ore Pig IronMelting
Iron
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Blast Furnace
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Steel is produced in the furnace of steel
from pig iron, either in the form of solid,
liquid, scrap metal and some metal
alloys.
Some of steel-making process:• Basic oxygen furnace
• Electric furnace
Steel Making
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The liquid metal is inserted into the combustion chamber (tilted and enforced)
Oxygen (+ 1 000 ˚C) is blown through the Oxygen Lance into the combustion chamber at high speed with pressure 1400kN/m2
Added powdered lime (CaO) to reduce levels of P and S
Advantages of the Basic Oxygen Furnace:• Using the pure CO2 without Nitrogen
• The process was only + 50 minutes
• Phosphorous and sulfur expelled earlier than Carbon
• low operating costs
Basic Oxygen Furnace
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Basic Oxygen Furnace
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Conducted in high temperature and using the arc light electrodes and electric induction
Advantages:• Easy to reach high temperatures in a short time
• Temperature can be set
• kitchen high thermal efficiency
• The liquid iron is protected from dirt and environmental influences, so the quality is good
• The loss due to evaporation is very small
Electric Furnace
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Electric Furnace
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Aluminum Making Process
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Step 1: crushing and grinding
alumina recovery begins by passing the bauxite through screens to sort it by size
The ore is then fed into large grinding mills and mixed with a caustic soda solution
The material finally discharged from the mill is called slurry.
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Step 2 : digesting
1. The slurry is
pumped to a
digester where the
chemical reaction to
dissolve the alumina
takes place.
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Step 3- Settling
The liquor at the top
of the tank (which
looks like coffee) is
now directed through
a series of filters
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Step 4 : precipitation
The clear sodium aluminate from the settling and filtering operation is pumped into these precipitators. Fine particles of alumina -called "seed crystals" (alumina hydrate) - are added to start the precipitation of pure alumina particles as the liquor cools.
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Calcination is a heating process to remove the chemically combined water from the alumina hydrate.
The result is a white powder like that shown below: pure alumina. The caustic soda is returned to the beginning of the process and used again.
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Stage 2: converting alumina to
alumunium
Electrolysis reduction by Hall-Herault
process
Reacted in a melted of kriolit (Na3AlF6)
in a steel vessel 950oC.
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Alumunium Making
Titanium Making
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Thanks for your attention