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Methamphetamine: The Current Status of Treatment Knowledge
• Richard Rawson, Ph.D.• UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse
Programs
• Supported by NIDA Clinical Trials Network Grant and Clinical Trials Operations Contract and by a CSAT Cooperative Agreement.
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Methamphetamine
CH2CHCH3
NH CH3
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• Powerfully addictive stimulant thatdramatically affects the central
nervous system
• Made easily in clandestine labs with OTC ingredients
What Is Methamphetamine?
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Methamphetamine Addiction
The brains of people addicted
to Methamphetamine are
different than those of
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Chronic Amphetamine Causes Lasting Changes
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MA Treatment Issues
• Acute MA Overdose• Acute MA Psychosis• MA “Withdrawal”• Initiating MA Abstinence• MA Relapse Prevention• Protracted Cognitive Impairment and
Symptoms of Paranoia
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Acute MA Overdose
• Slowing of Cardiac Conduction• Ventricular Irritability• Hypertensive Episode• Hyperpyrexic Episode• CNS Seizures and Anoxia
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Acute MA Psychosis
• Extreme Paranoid Ideation• Well Formed Delusions• Hypersensitivity to Environmental Stimuli• Stereotyped Behavior “Tweaking”• Panic, Extreme Fearfulness• High Potential for Violence
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Treatment of MA Psychosis
• Typical ER Protocol for MA Psychosis– Haloperidol - 5mg– Clonazepam - 1 mg– Cogentin - 1 mg– Quiet, Dimly Lit Room– Restraints
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MA “Withdrawal”
- Depression - Paranoia- Fatigue - Cognitive Impairment- Anxiety - Agitation- Anergia - Confusion
• Duration: 2 Days - 2 Weeks
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San Diego, CA
South Bay Treatment Center
Joseph Mawhinney, PI
Methamphetamine Clinical Trials Group(MCTG)
Costa Mesa, CA
Friends Research Institute
Roger Donovick, PI
Des Moines, IA Powell Chemical Dependency Center
Dennis Weis, PI
Kansas City, MO
University of Missouri, Kansas City & Comprehensive Mental Health
Services, Inc.
Jan Campbell, PIHonolulu, HI
John A. Burns School of
Medicine & Queens Hospital
William Haning, PI
Los Angeles, CA
UCLA Coordinating Center
Richard Rawson, Steve Shoptaw
Walter Ling & Thomas Newton, PIs
Division of Treatment Research & Development 19 September 2000
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Pharmacotherapies Planned for Clinical Trials
• Ondansetron• Olanzepine• Bupropion• Selegline• Sertraline
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Treatment of MA “Withdrawal”
• Intensive Outpatient Treatment– No Pharmacotherapy Available– Positive, Reassuring Context– Directive, Behavioral Intervention– Educate Regarding Time Course of Symptom
Remission– Recommend Sleep and Nutrition– Low Stimulation– Acknowledge Paranoia, Depression
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Initiating MA Abstinence• Key Clinical Issues
– Depression– Cognitive Impairment– Continuing Paranoia– Anhedonia– Behavioral/Functional Impairment– Hypersexuality– Conditioned Cues– Irritability/Violence
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Initiating MA Abstinence• Key Elements of Treatment
– Structure– Information in Understandable Form– Family Support– Positive Reinforcement– 12-Step Participation
• No Pharmacologic Agent Currently Available
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Project Goals:
To study the clinical effectiveness of the Matrix Model
To compare the effectiveness of the Matrix model to other locally available outpatient treatments
To establish the cost and cost effectiveness of the Matrix model compared to other outpatient treatments
To explore the replicability of the Matrix model and challenges involved in technology transfer
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Baseline Demographics(April 1999 – April 2001)
7.7 yearsYears of Meth use (mean)
$ 1024Monthly income (mean)
12.2 yearsEducation (mean)
32.8 yearsAge (mean)
931Sample size (n)
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Gender Distribution of Participants
57
43
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
female maleGender
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Route of Methamphetamine Administration
011
64
24
01020
304050
6070
Perc
ent U
sing
by R
oute
oral
nasal
smoke
iv
Route of Administration
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Methamphetamine Use
7.7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mea
n Y
ea
rs o
f M
eth
Use
BL
11.6
4.14
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mean
Days o
f M
eth
Use,
P30
BL Tx end
Lifetime Years Days in Past 30
64% decrease in days using
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Marijuana Use
7.25
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mea
n Y
ea
rs o
f M
eth
Use
BL
4.272.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mean
Days o
f M
eth
Use,
P30
BL Tx end
Lifetime Years Days in Past 30
51% decrease in days using
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Alcohol Use
7.65
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mea
n Y
ea
rs o
f M
eth
Use
BL
4.693.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mean
Days o
f M
eth
Use,
P30
BL Tx end
Lifetime Years Days in Past 30
34% decrease in days using
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Days Paid for Work in Past 30
7.65
10.33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mea
n D
ays
Pai
d
BL Tx end
35% increase in days paid
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Total Income (Past 30 days)of Participants
1024
1128
800
1000
1200
Mea
n T
otal
In
com
e ($
)
BL Tx end
10% increase in
income