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Wireless Transmission
November 2004
Ronald Peters
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Nokia in MicroWave Radios
• Business operations started in 1960´s
• Strong Global Position achieved via GSM challenger marketgrowth in 1990´s
• Nokia is• No. 2 in cellular transmission• Among 3 top players in global PDH-radio market
• R&D and manufacturing site in Karaportti Espoo
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Key trends in mobile network transmission
• Capacity need per basestation is increasing• … but timing is difficult to predict
• Networks should have inbuilt flexibility to meet
"unknown“ capacity needs
0
2
4
6
8
10
Single band
GSM
Dual band
GSM
EDGE WCDMA
Mbit/s
0
2
4
6
8
10
Single band
GSM
Dual band
GSM
EDGE WCDMA
Mbit/s
• Networks will become more dense• How to avoid frequency congestion?
• higher frequencies
• new frequency bands
• various modulation methods
IP transport
ATM transport
PDH/SDHPDH/SDH
ATM utilizes PDH/SDH
IP utilizes ATM IP utilizesPDH/SDH
Fiber,microwave radios,
copper, leased lines...
Fiber,microwave radios,
copper, leased lines...
IP overEthernet
• TDM, ATM and IP traffic will share the same links• How to multiplex TDM, ATM and IP into the same link?
• First ATM/IP over TDM, later IP only?
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Nokia MetroHopperHigh-density radio (58 GHz)
Nokia Microwave Radio Solution
Nokia FlexiHopperPDH microwave radio(7,8,13,15,18,23,26,38 GHz)
Nokia FlexiHopper Plus
PDH microwave radiowith selectable 4/16-level modulation(7,8,13,15,18,23,26,28,32,38 GHz)
SDH Radio(7,8,13,15,18, 23, 26,38 GHz)
Nokia MetroHubOutdoor cross-connectcabinet and powersupply for Nokia
Hopper Radios
Radio Indoor UnitsStand-alone and integratedunits with revolutionaryFlexbus concept
Outdoor SolutionOperationCentre
Indoor Solution
Nokia NetAct orNMS/10Network ManagementSystem
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Nokia FlexiHopperOne platform - all frequencies
• 7, 8, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26 and 38 GHz
• All as 1+0, 1+1 HSB, space/freq diversity protection
One unit - all capacities
• 2x2 - 16x2 Mbit/s radio transmission• Can be selected using the Hopper Manager
Flexbus - single cable interconnections• One cable between IU and OU and between IUs
• Fast and reliable
Introduces several innovative features• Automatic fading margin measurement
• Software download via Hopper Manager
• Transmission and cross-connect integrated
•Proven and reliable platform• Over 100’000 FlexiHopper delivered
• High reliability (MTBF for outdoor unit 35 years)
• Modular, small and light structure - easy to install
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Nokia FlexiHopper Plus
An enhancement to FlexiHopper platform• 7, 8, 13, 15, 15/490, 18, 23, 26 and 38 GHz
• new 28 and 32 GHz
• available now: 15, 23, 28, 32 and 38 GHZ• See roadmap for availabilities
32 TCM modulation enables doubling thespectrum efficiency
• narrow spectrum - 16x2Mbit/s capacity into 14 MHzfrequency channel – currently 28MHz
• capacities 8 x2Mbit/s and 16x2Mbit/s supported
Support of all existing features• All FlexiHopper features
• Same antennas, alignment units, mechanics andindoor units can be used
See the roadmap
for availability
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Nokia FlexiHopper Plus
Main benefits
• Possibility to double the current transmissioncapacity within the existing frequency channel
• Savings in operational costs because of lowerfrequency bandwidth licence fees
• Better availability of free channels, 14 MHz vs28 MHz
• Selectable modulation and capacity enableoptimal and flexible usage of frequency bands
• Built on reliable and proven FlexiHopperplatform with backward compatibility
See the roadmap
for availability
16 x 2 M28
16 x 2 M8 x 2 M14
8 x 2 M4 x 2 M7
2 x 2 M3,5
32 TCMcurrent
modulationchannel
(MHz)
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Easy change of polarisationEasy change of polarisation
Loose parts avoidedLoose parts avoided
Snap on mountableand separate
Snap on mountableand separate
'Snap on' installation'Snap on' installation
Right/left offsetRight/left offset
4.0 - 5.5 kg / 21 x 23 x 12-22 cm4.0 - 5.5 kg / 21 x 23 x 12-22 cm
Radio unitRadio unit
Alignment unitAlignment unitLow profile orcompactsquare
antennas
Low profile orcompactsquare
antennas
One antenna HSBOne antenna HSB
FlexiHopper (Plus) mechanical construction
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Nokia MetroHopper
Self regulating 58GHz frequency band• Does not require frequency coordination -
frequency etiquette
• Efficient frequency re-use in dense networks
• Congestion in many PTP frequency bands
• MetroHopper the only MW radio for 58GHz
Modern cost efficient product• One product - one configuration - fits all sites
• Fast installation, with optical Alignment Tool• Blends well to the metropolitan environment
Innovative technical features• TDD eliminates need for sub-band filters
• 100 / 50MHz channel spacing - 10 / 20 RF channels• Capacity 4x2 Mbit/s
• Channel Selection Procedure and Commissioning
wizard support fast commissioning
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Nokia Hopper MWR indoor units
Base Station Integrated•Plug-in units that fit directly on to the BTS•E1 interfacing via BTS backplane•Supports two radio outdoor units
Stand-alone•19” or ETSI rack mountable•FIU 19 and FIU 19E•E1 and Ethernet traffic interfaces•Basic unit supports two radio
outdoor units
The same unit supports:•FlexiHopper•FlexiHopper Plus•MetroHopper
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FIU 19E Indoor unit
Basic FIU 19E indoor unit with 4x2Mbps add/droppinterface plug-in unit and Ethernet plug-in unit.
Basic FIU 19E indoor unit with 4x2Mbps add/droppinterface plug-in unit and Ethernet plug-in unit.
two Flexbusinterfaces
two Flexbusinterfaces
two Q1managementinterfaces
two Q1managementinterfaces
One 10BaseTSNMP managementinterface
One 10BaseTSNMP managementinterface
two 10/100BaseTEthernet trafficinterfaces
two 10/100BaseTEthernet trafficinterfaces
four E1interfaces
four E1interfaces
Power connectorPower connector
local management portlocal management port
measurement pointmeasurement point
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Flexbus & 2Mbit/s cross-connection FIU19(E)
16x2Mbit/s data in serial format
- to outdoor unit or to another indoor unit
16x2Mbit/s data in serial format
- to outdoor unit or to another indoor unit
2M CrossConnection
One of the 2M cross connection field
edges provides up to 16x2 Mbit/s
parallel Interfaces
One of the 2M cross connection field
edges provides up to 16x2 Mbit/s
parallel Interfaces
Three of the 2Mbit/s cross
connection field edges are
multiplexed to a serial signal
Three of the 2Mbit/s cross
connection field edges are
multiplexed to a serial signal
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Expansion from 4E1 to 16E1 : traditional radio
Cross connect
DDFnx2Mbit/s
nx2Mbit/snx2Mbit/s
BTS
nx2Mbit/s
ODU may need to be
changedDU to be
changed/
expanded
DDF to be
changed/expanded
Lot of new cables
Cost of expansion
Equipment = 50% to 100% of a new hop equipment
Work = 50% to 100% of new hop installation
Extra site space = ?
-Site visit is a must, expansion notpossible remotely from NMS.
- Downtime for expansion can be
significant
- More site space may be required –
needs prior technical site surveys
- Site as-built drawings must be revised
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Upgrade from 4E1 to 16E1 with Nokia FlexiHopper
nx2Mbit/s
• No change to ODU
• No change in IDU
•No change in DDF & cabling
• Minimal downtime
• No site visit – reconfiguration done remotely
Cost of expansion
Equipment = 0
Work on site = 0
Extra site space = 0
ODU capacity
& XC reconfiguredfrom NMS
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Configure it right
Price difference: 18%
16x2
Add/drop 16x216x2
16x2
16x2
Add/drop 4x2
Add/drop 4x2
Add/drop 4x2
Transmission capacity on all hops 16x2 Mbit/sAdd/drop capacity on all sites except one 4x2 Mbit/s
item q-ty
FIU 19, 16x2: 6
OU 18GHz 6
antenna 60cm+ alignment unit 6
FIU 19, 16x2: 1
OU 18GHz 6
antenna 60cm+ alignment unit 6
FIU 19, 4x2: 3
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Repeater bus
BTS or Mux
TraditionalMicrowave
Radio
Chaining station
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Cross connectDDF
nx2Mbit/s
nx2Mbit/s
nx2Mbit/s
nx2Mbit/s
Repeater bus
nx2Mbit/s
Each blue linecan be up to 32separate cables
Branching station
nx2Mbit/s
• Transmission and 2Mbit/s
cross- connect Integrated
• One Indoor Unit for three Outdoor Units
Use of separate2M cables minimised
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Protecting FlexiHopper OU and FIU19Protecting FlexiHopper OU
FIU19 provides protection in many options
• OU protection alone
• IU & OU protection
• 1-antenna HSB
HSB protection
Good standard• From 8x2 capacity OU protected• From 16x2 both OU and IU protected
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Easy and fast Ethernet and TDM connections• WLAN access point connections• Broadband access networks• Private networks
Flexible capacity control• Software controllable transmission capacity 4 … 32 Mbit/s• Capacity sharing of Ethernet traffic and E1’s with 2 Mbit/s granularity
LAN solution compatible with• Nokia FlexiHopper - up to 32 Mbit/s - up to 70 km• Nokia MetroHopper - up to 8 Mbit/s - up to 900 m• Indoor Unit FIU 19 E
LAN over Nokia Hoppers
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Key features of the LAN solution
• Two 10/100baseT Ethernet interfaces in a single plug-in unit
• Ethernet traffic transmission over Nokia FlexiHopper andNokia MetroHopper
• Transparent Ethernet frames bridging over radio hop
• Packet filtering based on MAC address learning
• Ethernet flow-control support
• Link Loss Forwarding (LLF) support
• Three operation modes:• Channel separation• Capacity sharing• Full Switch mode
• Microwave radio network configurations• Single hop mode• 2 OU protection mode
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LAN solution operating modes
FIU 19EFIU 19E
EPIUEPIU
FB1FB1
FB2FB2
Eth-1Eth-1
Eth-2Eth-2
FIU 19EFIU 19E
EPIUEPIU
FB1FB1
FB2FB2
Eth-1Eth-1
Eth-2Eth-2
FIU 19EFIU 19E
EPIUEPIU
FB1FB1
FB2FB2
Eth-1Eth-1
Eth-2Eth-2
Channel Separation mode•Two separated channels over two radio hops•Capacity up to 32Mbit/s per Flexbus
Capacity Sharing mode•Two separated channels over one radio hop
•Up to 32Mbi/s capacity shared withgranularity of 1/256.
Full Switch mode•Four port Ethernet switch•Capacity up to 32Mbit/s between ports
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Capacity sharing between Ethernet and E1’s
• Supported in Channel Separation,Capacity Sharing and Full Switch modes
• One or two radios can be configured forEthernet traffic
• Dedicated radio capacity for Ethernetdata channels and for E1 traffic
• Flexible sharing of radio path capacity
Example of Capacity Sharing mode:
• FB1 configured to 16x2Mbit/s mode
• E1 capacity 2 x 2 Mbi/s
• Ethernet traffic capacity 28 Mbit/s
Eth-1 3.28 Mbit/s (30/256 x 28 M)Eth-2 24.72 Mbit/s (226/256 x 28 M)
FIU 19EFIU 19E
EPIUEPIU
FB1FB1
FB2FB2
Eth-1Eth-1
Eth-2Eth-2
4x2M4x2M
XE1’sE1’s
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Terminal configurations
• Ethernet plug-in unit supports the following terminal configurations• Single use configuration 1 IU + 1 OU• Protected configurations 1 IU + 2 OU
• Ethernet plug-in unit is always installed to slot_2 in FIU 19E• The unused slots can be equipped with 4x2M, Aux plug-in unit and
Flexbus plug-in unit
• Ethernet plug-in unit can be used in 16 x 2M add-drop configurations
with EXU unit
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Nokia Q1 for FlexiHopper and MetroHopper
• For FIU 19 and FIU 19E indoor units
• NMS/10 C6.1 with Q1 Agent C2.0
• DCN Adapter C3.0
• LAN connection between NMS/10 and DCNA
• DCNA Q1 polls the radios
Q1 withinradio frame Q1 withinradio frame
DCNA C3.0
Q1 Bus
NMS/10Management
station
LAN connection
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SNMP for FlexiHopper and MetroHopper
• Available only with FIU 19E indoor unit
• SNMP interface for Fault and Performance management for 3rd
party NMS systems
• Optimized solution for commercial NMS platforms,e.g HP OpenView
• Reduce network management and DCN management costs
• Easy and flexible DCN handling with IP
IP Routing
External device,
TopologyFileEdit LocateView Help
Mount
4 3 1 7 4 37
1 9 50 7 9 %
/
NetworkTraffic Help
IP based DCN
LAN/10BaseT
IP RoutingNMS
Router
LAN connection
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Nokia Wireless Transmission Roadmap
FlexiHopper Plus• 15, 23, 28, 32, 38 GHz• Dual polarization
Indoor Units:• T4E based EOW
FlexiHopper Plus• 7, 8, 13, 15/490, 15/315, 18,23/1200, 26 GHz• ROHS compliant• Feature licensing• Hopper DoctorMetroHopper 58 GHz• >1 km hop length
• RoHS compliantIndoor Units:•FIU 19E RoHS compliant• IP EOW (service telephone)• OSPF routing for IP DCN• SNMP config. management
20042004
FlexiHopper XC• Capacity range extended
Indoor Units:• Extended capacity indoor unit
2006…20072006…200720052005
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Summary
• Nokia FlexiHopper (Plus)• All frequencies 7, 8, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 28, 32, 38 GHz• Flexible capacity 2E1/4E1/8E1/16E1• Flexible Ethernet nx2 Mbit/s + nxE1• Flexible modulation 4-state or 16-state• Remotely managed cross-connection• SNMP or Nokia Q1
• All required features• HSB, Space diversity, Frequency Diversity• Service Telephone (EOW)
• Automatic fading margin measurement• FEC and interleaving• ALCQ – auto level control with quality measures
• High reliability• MTBF 35 years for outdoor unit,
110 years for indoor unit
• Nokia MetroHopper• Simple, easy to install, 4x2 Mbit/s• For short hops, 700 m in Europe
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