A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
MID: Materials Imaging and
Dynamics Instrument
A. Madsen1,*, J. Hallmann1, T. Roth1, G. Ansaldi1, W. Lu1,2 1 European XFEL
2 Technische Universität Berlin
XFEL User Meeting 2014
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
MID Keywords 2
Scattering and imaging with hard X-rays
Micro- and nano focused beams
Windowless operation
Use of a maximum number of pulses
Versatile experimental chamber and sample environment
Optical pump laser
Ultrafast science & X-ray split-delay techniques
Coherence & speckle
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Facility Outline 3
MID @ SASE-2
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
MID beamline overview 4
CR
L-1
CR
L-2
un
du
lator
mo
no
-1: Si(1
11
)
mo
no
-2
Si(22
0)
X-ray sp
lit- d
elay line
samp
le
detecto
r
93
1 m
92
9 m
0 m
29
0 m
22
9 m
94
6.5
m
96
7 m
95
0 m
95
9 m
ho
rizon
tal o
ffset mirro
r
attenu
ator
attenu
ator
attenu
ator
nan
ofo
cusin
g CR
L
mirro
r(s)
30
1 m
72
7 m
88
0 m
94
9 m
94
8 m
95
5 m
88
7.5
m
slit-1
slit-2
slit-3
21
0 m
24
4 m
40
0 m
72
9 m
88
8.5
m
92
0 m
93
6.5
m
95
7.5
m
96
9 m
22
7.5
m
94
8.5
m
2D
-imager
imager-2
imager-3
imager-4
imager-5
imager-6
diagn
ostic
end
stand
XB
PM
& in
tensity-1
XB
PM
& in
tensity-2
Not shown:
MCP at 303m (fine tuning of SASE)
Distribution mirror(s) at 390m and 395m (MID on central branch)
Beam loss monitors
λ
22
0 m
tim
e-o
f-flight P
ES
common SASE-2 beamline (MID/HED)
MID photon beamline
MID experimental hutch
MID optics hutch
93
3 m
h
igh en
ergy CR
L
high
-energy m
on
o
30
6 m
17
1 m
1
98
m
transm
issive im
ager sp
on
t. rad. ap
erture
30
5 m
im
ager-1
t
95
6 m
9
57
m
diff. p
um
pin
g tim
ing d
iagno
stic
26
4 m
sh
utter-1
shu
tter-3
shu
tter-2
95
2 m
94
0 m
λ
38
0.5
m
HR
-SSS
20
0 m
K
-mo
no
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Beryllium Optics for the MID Station
Compound Refractive Lenses (CRL) in Beryllium
5
5 10 15 20 25 30500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Energy [keV]
m
Deff
3 x beamsize (FWHM)
effective lens diameter
and beam size
B. Lengeler, RXOPTICS, Aachen
f = R/(2Nd)
- Be is an excellent material to avoid ablation
- Beam collimation or focusing in the range from ~5 – 25 keV
- CRL efficiency below ~5 keV not good
- Chromatic focusing Sweet spots in energy
- Allows 7s (~3*FWHM) to be transported
Large radii lenses, up to R > 5mm
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Beryllium Optics for the MID Station 6
CRL-1 transfocator CRL-2 transfocator
Allows beam sizes on sample from 5 – 200 m and 80-100% efficiency
Range from ~5 to 25 keV (sweet spots every ~500 eV)
~700 m
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
7 Beryllium Optics for the MID Station CRL-2
Allows beam sizes 1 – 3 m with 20-40% efficiency
Nano focus option: CRL-3 placed 50-500 mm upstream of sample
inside the sample chamber. BMBF project, C. Schroer - TU Dresden
CRL-3
Setup for MEC, LCLS
C. Schroer, D. Samberg, TU Dresden
Calculation for
f=300 mm
Efficiency ~50%
with prefocusing
~10 nm focus for
f=50 mm at 12 keV
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Wave field Simulations: Impact of Be
imperfections and impurities 8
Acknowledgement:
L Samoylova, XFEL.EU Optics group
Laminography data,
ID19, ESRF (L. Helfen)
Be lens
model
sample
at 959 m
A B C D
CRL-1 CRL-2
-0.005
0.005
0
-0.005 0.005 0 x (mm)
-0.2 0.2 0 x (mm)
-0.2
0.2
0
-0.5 0.5 0 x (mm)
-0.5
0.5
0
y (
mm
)
-0.5 0.5 0 x (mm)
-0.5
0.5
0
y (
mm
)
before CRL-1 after CRL-1
in focus,
at sample pos. A B C
y (
mm
)
after CRL-2 D
Reconstructed planes Void volume
fraction 10-4
Poster #213 (Friday poster session)
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Windowless Operation 9
XFEL.EU - ESRF collaboration
Differential pumping section
Must allow two beams to pass
with a vertical separation of ~25 mm
(from Split-Delay Line)
1e-2 mbar
sample chamber
HV side (mirrors and crystals):
1e-7 - 1e-8 mbar
Differential pumping apertures
inside made from B4C
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Experimental Setup 10
Diagnostics
chamber
Sample
chamber Differential
pumping
AGIPD
detector
Transfer pipe to
end diagnostics
Close configuration: AGIPD 0.5 m from sample chamber center
Beam transmitted to end diagnostics via central hole and transfer pipe
XFEL.EU - ESRF collaboration
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Experimental Setup 11
Hi-Res setup: AGIPD up to 8 m from sample chamber.
Telescope pipe between chamber and AGIPD. Motion concept under study
Differential
pumping
Diagnostics
chamber
Sample
chamber
Telescope
pipe to AGIPD
XFEL.EU - ESRF collaboration
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Experimental Setup 12
17.25 m
2q up to ~60 deg in Hi-Res mode.
Diagnostics end-station (spectrum, intensity, position) and beam stop
2q
optical laser
X-rays
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Experimental chamber 13
nano-CRL stage
sample
stage
AGIPD
Min. dist. sample-detector: ~225 mm
Qmax ~5Å-1 (l=1Å)
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Experimental chamber 14 14
sample
stage
AGIPD
Min. dist. CRL-sample: 50 mm
Min. focal spot: ~10 nm (ideal case)
Ports for sample
delivery
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Sample delivery 15
10 Hz sample changer/scanner for solid samples
Flexible mount (hexapod) for
user’s sample environments
Possibility to work in air
(window inserted upstream)
X-Rays
liquid jet installed in test chamber
(XFEL sample env. group)
Aerosol injector, liquid jet Furnace, cryostat
Full-field microscope:
S. Köster & T. Salditt
Univ. Göttingen (BMBF project)
Microfluidic sample delivery
Pulsed high B magnet
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Hard X-Ray Split-Delay Line 16
Goal: To modify the time-structure of XFEL (fs-ps delays). Spatial offset (inclination)
between split beams can be introduced. New possibilities for time-resolved experiments
(PP, wave mixing, holography, speckle, dynamics,..).
Inspiration:
Hard X-ray Split Delay line at LCLS (Roseker & Grübel, DESY)
Device under construction at SACLA (Tono, Yabashi, SACLA)
Soft X-ray delay lines operating at FLASH (mirror based)
Co-linear beams Inclined beams
1m 3.3 fs
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Hard X-Ray Split-Delay Line 17
Two images on detector:
1st beam
2nd beam
2ai sample
2nd pattern
1st pattern
Optical
laser
X-ray X-ray Optical
X-ray X-ray Optical
XOX
OXX
X-ray X-ray
XX
Dt
Beams from
split-delay line
Upwards deflecting mirror ai
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Hard X-Ray Split-Delay Line 18
X-Rays
In-vacuum setup
High position precision and stability
Laser interferometry to control delay
Beam diagnostics
Delay given by upper branch (0 – 800 ps)
Energy tunable (5 - 10 keV)
Collaboration: S. Eisebitt, T. Noll, TU Berlin (BMBF project)
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
SASE-2: Hutches and Infrastructure 19
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
SASE-2: Hutches and Infrastructure 20
Work in progress…
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
21 MID Technical Design Report (TDR)
http://www.xfel.eu/documents/technical_documents/
or
https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/154260 Poster #108, Friday poster session
A. Madsen, XFEL.EU
Main specs of MID (from TDR) 22
Commissioning and first user experiments in 2017!