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Middle & Southern Colonies
Section 4
Chapter 2
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English Civil War
The fall of New Amsterdam and the founding of New York in 1664 marked a new wave of English Colonization.
For more than 20 years the battle between the Puritans and the English King finally led to war.
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English Civil War – starts in 1642
King Charles I – sent troops to arrest several Puritan leaders in English Parliament.
Response by Puritans Organizing own army
1646 Parliament defeated King Charles, capturing him and eventually putting him to death. Oliver Cromwell gave himself the title “Lord Protector of England.”
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Colonies Choose Sides
Support King or Parliament? Virginia – Gov & House of Burgesses
Supported King until 1652 – forced to change sides
Parliament sent a fleet to make them change sides.
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Maryland’s Own Civil War…kind of
Supported the KingProtestants rebel in 1644Lord Baltimore appoints Protestant
Governor
Introduced Maryland Toleration Act – 1659 Religious toleration to all Christians in Maryland Provide protection of Catholic minority
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Colonization Resumes
After 20 years of turmoilLooking for stabilityOliver Cromwell dies
King Charles II takes the throne
Restoration occurs
English Government takes lead in promoting Colonization.
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King interested in areas of expansion
New Netherland becomes New York 1664 King Charles
decided to seize Granted all land from
Delaware Bay to the Connecticut River to his brother James, the Duke of York.
Four warships sent to seize the land from Dutch
New York named Land granted to 2
advisers Sir George Carteret Lord John Berkeley
Attracted Settlers Generous land grants Religious Freedom Right to elective
Legislative assembles Many Puritans head to
New Jersey
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Admiral William Penn
Close friend to the King – loaned ships to King but died before he was repaid.
Son – also name William Penn inherited estate 1680 – Petitioned King for land between New
York and Maryland to settle debt. King hesitant – Penn was a Quaker
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Quakers
Everyone has their own “inner light” from God.
No need for Church or MinistersBible less authorityAdvocated Pacifism – (non-violence)Persecuted in every almost colonyWould have never received their own
colony without William Penn
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Holy Experiment
William Penn and other wealthy Quakers bought New Jersey (land from Berkeley and Carteret).
Penn asked King Charles for land Pennsylvania named (named after his father –
land of political and religious freedom – The Holy Experiment
Also felt Native Americans had been treated unjustly and resolved to win friendship
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Treaty of Shackamaxon
Lenni Lanape – (Native American Group) ceded land to the colonists. Began 70 years of peace between Europeans and
Native Americans Capital – Philadelphia built – “the city of brotherly love”. Constitution prepared – “frame of government”
Allowed anyone who owned land or paid taxes to vote. Confused settlers New Charter designed – appointed governor, owners of
50 acres + faith in Jesus gave voting rights.
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Pennsylvania Continued
Non-Christians had rights to practice their religion without interference.
Land was readily available.Many Germans and Scots-Irish migrated
here as well.Over 7000 people
Philadelphia Rivaled Boston and New York as a center for trade and commerce.
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Delaware
Purchased by Penn - 1682
3 Counties south of Pennsylvania
Purchased from Duke of York
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Carolina
Land South of VirginiaKing Charles granted land to eight friends
and political allies.Land named Carolina – Latin version of
“Charles”
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North Carolina
Mostly settlers / farmers drifting from Virginia in the 1650’s
No good coastlines and harbors making ships difficult to reach.
Grew slowly – eventually began growing tobacco.
Exported naval supplies such as tar, pitch and turpentine
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South Carolina
Proprietors interested in Southern part of the colony
Sugarcane- suitable for growing, so they thought originally, did not work out.
Charles Town became the capital named after King Charles – now known as Charleston
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South Carolina
Exported deerskinBegan capturing Native Americans and
shipping them to the Caribbean as enslaved workers, where the demand for them was high
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Georgia
A place where the poor could start over.A strategic buffer between the English and
the Spanish FloridaKing George II granted James Oglethorpe
and 19 trustees the land and settlement began at the mouth of the Savannah River in 1733.
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Georgia
Originally Banned Slavery Rum Brandy Changed 1740
Limited Land grants to 500
acres
Attracted Settlers from all over. Scots Germans Italians Swiss
Elected Assembly 1750
Royal Colony 1751