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CHAPTER 6LESSON 1
MINERALS AND ROCKS
PAGES 250-259
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Minerals are natural, nonliving substances that make up rock. Rocks can be made up of more
than one mineral.
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There are more than 3,000 kinds of minerals with different
properties. A property is a characteristic that describes
something.
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The four properties of minerals are
color, hardness, luster, and
streak. You can identify
minerals by their properties.
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COLORMinerals can be many different
colors or the same color.
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HARDNESSHardness refers to a mineral’s
ability to scratch another mineral or be scratched by another mineral. Each mineral is
numbered one to ten.
Mohs’ Hardness Scale
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LUSTERLuster refers to the way light bounces off the surface of a mineral. Minerals may be
metallic (shiny), dull, glossy, or pearly in luster.
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STREAKA mineral’s streak is the color of the powder left behind when it is
scratched on a white tile.
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The three main types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic.
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Igneous rocks form from melted rock (magma or lava) cooling
and hardening.
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When igneous rocks cool slowly,
large mineral grains form.
When they cool more quickly,
there is no time for large mineral grains to form. The rocks are more smooth.
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Sedimentary rocks form from sediments that are pressed
together. Sediments are tiny pieces of rock, shells, or bits of
plants.
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Sediments are deposited by wind and water (erosion) and over
time pile up on top of older layers of sediment. When they are
pressed or “cemented” together they form sedimentary rocks.
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Fossils are often found in sedimentary rock. A fossil is a
trace of something that was once alive.
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Metamorphic rocks are formed from igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock. The
high temperatures and pressures below the Earth’s surface can
change the properties of rocks, turning them into metamorphic
rocks.
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Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks can change from one type of rock to another
through the rock cycle.
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The Rock Cycle