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Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information SystemLIDAR Mapping Forum, February, 15th, 2017
Dr.-Ing. Arno Buecken
![Page 2: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
3
Key Idea: Do not harvest more than the timber volume that grows back.
Sustainable Usage of the Forest
We need a precise inventory of the forest.
Image: Pixabay
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4
Traditional forest surveying
Terrestrial Survey Measuring DBH Manual Notes Images: J. D
ietz
![Page 4: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
5
1) Perform an angular sample count to determine the basal area of all trees of the unit
Image: J. D
ietz
![Page 5: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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6
2) Determine top or mean height of the trees
![Page 6: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
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7
3) Determine the age of the trees
Image: P
ixabay
![Page 7: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
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8
4) Estimate the timber volume by using the yield tables
The yield tables are
a characteristic map
for forestry units.
Age Height
Yield Class
Yield
Table
![Page 8: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
9
5) Update the map of the unit.
Image: W
. H
art
mann
![Page 9: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
10
6) Take the collected data to the office.
This has to be repeated every
seven years for each forestry
unit.Im
age: J. D
ietz
![Page 10: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
11
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
12
Remote Sensing
![Page 12: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
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13
Forest Surveyor 2.0
Image: A
. B
öhm
![Page 13: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
14
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(individual trees)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
![Page 14: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
15
LIDAR point clouds
Point Clouds in Testareas provide a
detailed view of the forestry unit.
![Page 15: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
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16
From Testareas to States
State Northrhine-Westfalia
1
1
1
BIG DATA0
0
0
0
0
0 011
1
• Heterogenous Pointcloud
• 250 Billion Points
• 1-10 Points/m²
• 32.000 km²
• Several Flight Campaigns
• Different YearsMap: Wikipedia
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Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
17
Open data in Northrhine-Westfalia
Since January 1st, 2017, Northrhine-Westfalia
provides open-data. All geodata collected by
the state are now available for free for
everybody.
Map: Wikipedia
![Page 17: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
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18
Open data in Northrhine-Westfalia
First Pulse
Last Pulse
Single Return
Artificial Point
Classification
Image:
GE
Ob
asis
.NR
W
![Page 18: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
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19
Open data – LIDAR point clouds
Near Espelkamp
34470000 5800000
Near Winterberg
34469500 5677000
Near Bad Münstereifel
34336000 5602000
5+
Points/m²
4
2-3
1
0
![Page 19: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
20
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(stand wise)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
![Page 20: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
21
Species Distribution
Calculate the tree species
distribution from the classification
map.
![Page 21: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest Information System | February, 15th, 2017
Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
22
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(stand wise)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
![Page 22: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
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23
Top Height
For each species: Weighted average
of the highest points for raster cell
![Page 23: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
24
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(stand wise)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
![Page 24: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
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Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | www.mmi.rwth-aachen.de
Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
25
Basal Area
The basal area is a measure for the density of a forestry unit.
It is associated with the yield factor.
There is a correlation between the yield factor and a density in
the LIDAR data.
Desired
Basal Area Basal Area
Yield Factor
Yield
Table
![Page 25: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
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26
Basal Area
But… Density in the LIDAR data depends on the
flight and scanner parameters!
![Page 26: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
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Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| [email protected]
27
Yield Factor
Collection of ground truth and remote sensing data are not synchronous.
Units may be fully stocked in one and empty in the other dataset.
![Page 27: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
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28
Yield Factor
![Page 28: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
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29
Yield Factor
Height of the Decision Plane0% 100%
Co
rre
lati
on
0,0
1,0
0,5
1) Calculate Correlation
![Page 29: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
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30
Yield Factor
Height of the Decision Plane0% 100%
Co
rre
lati
on
0,0
1,0
0,5 Me
an
Sq
ua
re E
rro
r
1) Calculate Correlation
2) Perform Regression Analysis
3) Calculate Mean Square Error
![Page 30: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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31
Yield Factor
Height of the Decision Plane0% 100%
Yie
ldF
ac
tor
Co
rre
lati
on
0,0
1,0
0,5
0,0
1,0
0,5
1,5
Me
an
Sq
ua
re E
rro
r
1) Calculate Correlation
2) Perform Regression Analysis
3) Calculate Mean Square Error
4) Calculate resulting Yield Factors for a Canopy
Cover between 0% and 100%
![Page 31: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
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32
Yield Factor
Height of the Decision Plane0% 100%
Yie
ldF
ac
tor
Co
rre
lati
on
0,0
1,0
0,5
0,0
1,0
0,5
1,5
Me
an
Sq
ua
re E
rro
r
1) Calculate Correlation
2) Perform Regression Analysis
3) Calculate Mean Square Error
4) Calculate resulting Yield Factors for a Canopy
Cover between 0% and 100%
5) Decide which Decision Plane has to be used
![Page 32: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
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33
Survey
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Forest Surveyor Forest Surveyor 2.0
(stand wise)
Basal Area
Species Distribution
Height
Yield Classes
Age
Desired
Basal Area Basal Area
Yield Factor
Yield
Table
![Page 33: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
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34
Conclusions
• From testareas towards „real-world data“
• Data collection on the same quality level than the traditional surveyor, but faster
• No need to post process collected data in the office
• Available for Forest Information Systems as well as for online Solutions
![Page 34: Mining for the Timber-Volume for a State-Wide Forest ... · Institute for Man-Machine Interaction | Dr.-Ing. Arno Bücken| buecken@mmi.rwth-aachen.de 16 From Testareas to States State](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050218/5f64021c13a0347e210b59eb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
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35
Thank you!This project is supported by: