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Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through mangrove plantation and
charcoal production
Patanan Kridiborworn, Amnat Chidthaisong*, Sirintornthep Towprayoon and Sudarat Tripetchkul1
The Jointed Graduate School of Energy and Environment,
and 1School of Bio-resources and TechnologyKing Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
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Outlines
Introduction Research ObjectivesMaterial & Method
Study site Biomass measurement Soil and plant C analysis Charcoal production and characteristics Calculation of CO2 reduction potential
Conclusions
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(Mangrove ) forest and climate change
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Mangrove and climate change
• Ecosystem services
• December 2004 Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina in 2005 gave the world a new appreciation for mangrove forests.
mangroves help stabilize shorelines and thus protect lives and property from such natural disasters
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Mangrove and climate change
• Mitigation: Carbon sinks– Soil– Biomass– Renewable energy
• Adaptation: Local livelihood, marine/coastal productivity, Safety
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Status of mangrove forest area in Thailand
http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/j1533e/J1533E60.htm
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Loss due to land conversion
http://www.northamerica.unep.net/geas/archive/Sep1-15_09.html
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Objectives
How mangrove plantation and utilization for charcoal production could help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and support the adaptability of charcoal production community?
Mangrove treeMangrove tree CharcoalCharcoal
Forest with utilization and managementForest with utilization and management
Energy replacing LPGEnergy replacing LPG
RenewableRenewableReduced CO2 Reduced CO2 emissionemission
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Study site
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Location site : GIS and GPS mapping Location site : GIS and GPS mapping
Source: GIS Map of Samutsongkram Province, Ministry of Interior, 2008
Study site
•Field surveys •Soil data: % Total C,% Total N, Bulk density•Mangrove plantation & biomass measurements•Charcoal production
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9-12 years
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9.29±1.730.28±0.060.30±0.058.72±1.7411.39±0.663.41±0.2512
7.73±1.310.16±0.052.47±0.495.09±0.8310.24±0.662.61±0.149
1.42±0.350.34±0.070.41±0.110.67±0.233.08±0.411.41±0.176
0.31±0.050.16±0.020.00±0.000.15±0.031.00±0.141.07±0.133
0.07±0.020.03±0.010.00±0.000.04±0.010.47±0.040.69±0.051
(kg)LeaveBranceStem(m)(cm)
(kg) Total
Dry weight
HeightDBHAge (Year)
Results: Biomass
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Results: Biomass estimateBiomass estimate
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
2
4
6
8
10
12
Stem
wei
ght (
kg/tr
ee)
D2H (cm
2-m)
Stem dry weight (kg) = 0.1403(D2H)0.8427, r2 = 0.99, n= 30
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http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/reports/gcc_final/veg.html
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Results: Soil carbon
Forest ageBulk density
(g/cm3)Soil carbon content(gC/100 g dry soil)
0 0.65 4.11
1 0.73 3.47
3 0.57 5.93
6 0.55 5.80
9 0.55 5.03
12 0.63 5.73
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Results: Soil carbon
0 Year forest
1 Year forest
3 Year forest
6 Year forest
9 Year forest
12 Year forest 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Car
bon
cont
ent
(ton
C/h
a)
Forest age
Increasing?
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Results: Charcoal production
Parameters Values
Averaged number of tree at planting 25,000 seedling/haAveraged number of tree at harvest 8,900 tree/ha
Volume of stem 112.5 m3/ha
Kiln capacity 30 m3
Charcoal production 4,000-4,500 kg/Kiln
Calorific value 5494.41±74.98 Calorie/g
Charcoal production efficiency 22%
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CO2 Reduction
Burning
ทดแทนพลั�งงานฟอสซิ�ลั เช่�น ก๊�าซิ
หุ�งต้�ม
ลัดก๊ารปลั�อย CO2จาก๊แหุลั�งฟอสซิ�ลั
Charcoal-C
Biomass-CCharcoal production
CO2 reduction?
CO2 in the atmosphere
Photosynthesis
Replacing fossil fuel
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ResultsKiln
OwenerCharcoal
production(kg/year)
Mangrove plantation area
equivalent(Rai)
Energy values(Terrajoules)
Avoided CO2
emission(ton CO2)
Sai 31,500.00 45.41 0.74 46.62
Malai 75,000.00 108.12 1.76 110.88
Cha-on 48,000.00 69.19 1.13 71.19
Rujee 62,500.00 90.10 1.47 92.61
Boonliam 18,000.00 25.95 0.42 26.46
Sawai 75,000.00 108.12 1.76 110.88
Vichian 50,000.00 72.08 1.18 74.34
Anant 67,500.00 97.30 1.59 100.17
Total 427,500.00 616.26 10.05 633.12
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Summing up--
Activity Carbon stock(ton/ha/yr)
CO2eq
(ton CO2/ha/yr)
CO2eq for the whole
area*(ton CO2/yr)
Soil carbon at 0-20 cm
1.7 6.2 6847
Biomass C (all but stem)
2 6.9 7598
Charcoal - 6.4 7067
*1014 ha
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What we have learned?
• Local management and utilization of mangrove could be environmentally beneficial.
• Mitigation and adaptation interlinks?• Other economic returns/analysis?• More—
– Carbon leakage– Integrating into LCS– Supports & sustainability
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Thank you very much for you attention!