Mitra Karimian1, Sunshine L. Brosi2, Tommy Berry, Steven Darrow, Nathan Beeman, Elizabeth Deasy, Lauren Fetzer, Austin Persons, Brittany Weeks, Carson Somerlatt, Christopher Massimino
Ethnobotany Program, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
The Appalachian Dulcimer is a stringed instrument in the zither familyAs a folk instrument, the Appalachian dulcimer has prevailed in the Southern Appalachian mountains since the days of the pioneers (Jeffrey 1958)
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Field Data Collection:
70 populations identified, marked using a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit and flagging
Associated community structure documented including vegetation plots, sapling plots, overstory plots, and soil samples
Lab analyses completed on soils to determine texture, % soil moisture, and mineral composition, including Ca, N, P, Mg, K, and other minerals.
http://sites.google.com/a/frostburg.edu/ethnobotany/home/classes/ethnographic-field-techniques/dulcimer-artisans/dulcimer%20map.jpg?attredirects=0
Seed Stratification:
Stratification procedure consists of exposure to a warm-cold-warm temperature cycle20°C (6 weeks) 5°C (8 weeks) 10°C (until sowing) Additional seeds from populations given bleach treatments of 1-10% in addition to the normal stratification procedureGerminating first year seeds will be used for future experiments
Over 65,000 seeds were collected
Most collected from areas experiencing edge effects
Number of fruiting plants at all sites was not related to the proportion of flowering plants observed during the summer
Weevils were present feeding on seeds collected from Savage River State Forest
Fungal infections of unconfirmed origin were observed on leaves and flower stalks at this site
Seeds were not collected from any apparently infected plants.
Variations were observed among taxa in regard to the size and number of seeds collected
Average seed weight per taxon ranges from 0.51 mg to 3.87 mg with a mean of 2.10 mg and standard deviation of 0.68 mg
Under experimental conditions, germination rates may range from 10% to 80% (Popp et al. 2002).
The intent of this research is to provide data which will be beneficial to growers of black cohosh.
Various seed treatments and subsequent data regarding ideal growing conditions for germination and seedling growth will be useful to growers of this valuable plant.
Developing scientifically rigorous cultivation guidelines with high germinations rates will encourage its cultivation by growers of other medicinal herbs and specialty crops.
Techniques used in this study may be applied to other herbs with low germination rates.
Lyke, J. 2001. Summary of the conservation status of Cimicifuga ssp.
(Cimicifuga rubifolia, C. americana, C. racemosa). National
Parks Service.
Popp M, Schenk R, Abel G. 2003. Cultivation of Cimicifuga racemosa
(L.) Nuttal and quality of CR extract BNO 1055. Maturitas. 44
Suppl. 1 pp. S1-S7. Predny ML, De Angelis P, Chamberlain JL. 2006. Black cohosh (Actaea
racemosa): an annotated bibliography. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS–
97. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest
Service, Southern Research Station. 99 p.
Note the approximately normal distribution of seed weights.
Seeds of each taxa were cleaned, weighed, and
separated according to buoyancy and/or size
before undergoing seed stratification.
This investigation seeks to:1.Identify associations between flowering plants and soil and light environment 2.Determine germination rates in wild-harvested populations and open-pollinated taxa 3.Ascertain links between germination rates and seed size, seed weight, seed buoyancy, and seeds per taxon4.Evaluate bioactive compounds that occur in rhizomes of parent plants in order to determine relationships between concentrations of triterpene glycosides in each taxa and forest cover type, understory plant assemblages, soil type, seeds produced, seed weight, and germination rate
The study area includes four sites in the westernmost counties of Maryland.
Germination rates of black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) populations in western Maryland
Methods Preliminary Results
Sources
Research Implications
Study Objectives
Background