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Mixtures vs Pure Substances
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What are these pictures of?
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How does this differ from the previous slide?
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Compare and Contrast between the following
substances.
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What do you see in this picture?
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How are A and B similar?
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How are C and D similar?
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What makes A and C different?
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Pure Substance
• Pure Substance is a form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition.
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Water is a pure substance.
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Oxygen is a pure substance
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Which of the following is a pure substance?
• Sugar
• Pizza
• Air
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Mixture
• A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties.
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Air is a mixture because it contains hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and
impurities.
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Which of the following are mixtures?
• Salt
• Salt-water solution
• Sugar
• Pizza
• Tap water
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Heterogeneous mixture
• Heterogeneous mixture: is a mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct.
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The Earth is a heterogeneous mixture
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Homogeneous mixture
• Homogeneous mixture: is a mixture that has constant composition throughout.
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Salt-water is a homogenous mixture.
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Which of the following is an example of a homogenous mixture? Heterogeneous
mixture?• Orange juice
• Gatorade
• Tomato juice
• Trail mix
• Dirty water
• Sugar-water
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Solutions
• Solution: another name for homogenous mixture
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When salt dissolves in water, it becomes a salt
water solution
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What is another example of a solution?
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filtration
• Filtration: is a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid.
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Heterogeneous mixtures composed of solids and liquids are easily
separated by filtration.
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Distillation
• Distillation is a separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved.
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Most homogenous mixtures can be separated by distillation.
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Crystallization
• Crystallization: is a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance.
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Making cock candy from a sugar solution is an example of
separation by crystallization.
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Sublimation
• Sublimation: is the process during which a solid changes to vapor without melting.
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When dry ice evaporates it goes through sublimation.
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Chromatography
• Chromatography: is a technique that separates the components of a mixture based on the ability of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.
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Forensic scientists can use ink chromatography to determine what type of marker was used at a crime
scene.
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What separation technique would you use to separate foul water?
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What separation technique would you use to separate salt water?