Download - Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”
![Page 1: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”
![Page 2: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Home Front■ WW2 impacted all aspects of US life:
–FDR hoped US would be the great “arsenal of democracy”
–Boost of wartime industry ended the Great Depression
–War altered lives of women, Af-Ams, Jap-Ams, & Mex-Ams
![Page 3: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mobilization■ US gov grew to largest size ever
–To win 2 wars –To meet civilian demands
The power to create new gov’t agencies
to censor the press
to limit civil liberties & seize personal property
2x as much as all previous gov spending combined
US gov spent $250 million/day 1941 - 1945
![Page 4: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mobilization■ War Powers Act gave POTUS
unprecedented power■ Bureaucracies formed to:
–Direct the economy–Create propaganda–Sell war bonds–Prevent enemy subversion
Office of War Mobilization
coordinated the draft, consumer prices, & the
labor force
Office of War Information
directed press, print, radio, & film
propaganda
Office of Strategic Services gathered enemy intelligence & conducted espionage
![Page 5: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mobilization: The Demand for War Equipment & Soldiers
![Page 6: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
War bonds helped raise
$187B to support the war effort
![Page 7: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
War Rations
![Page 8: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Gas ration coupons
![Page 9: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Victory Gardens: Grow Your Own
![Page 11: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Propaganda: Fighting the Enemy on the Battlefield & on the Home Front
![Page 12: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Fear Propaganda
![Page 13: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hollywood Pitches In
Jimmy Stewart goes off to war
![Page 14: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Wartime Economy■ Most decisive factor for Allied victory:
US industrial production
■ Heavy industry converted to war & directed by War Production Board
–15m US soldiers fought but 60m workers & farmers supplied them
U.S. made 2x more goods than Germany & 5x more than Japan
![Page 15: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ford’s Willow Run Factory Ford made one B-24 bomber every hour
![Page 16: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Henry Kaiser’s West Coast ShipyardsThe Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic, in part, because US produced ships faster than
German U-boats could sink them
Kaiser standardized battleship building & reduced the time it took to make a battleship
from 355 days to 14 days
![Page 17: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Regional Changes■ War transformed Western US:
–CA became major industrial center to support war effort in the Pacific
■ And Southern US:–60 of 100 new military bases were
built in the South –Textile factories & industrial jobs
helped end sharecropping & tenant farming
9m workers moved to new factories & shipyards in South & West
![Page 18: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Women■ War presented new economic
opportunities for women:–Dramatic rise in employment –Most new female workers were
married, many middle-aged–Previously exclusively male fields–Temporarily redefined “woman’s
sphere” from “just at home”
“To hell with the life I have had. This war is too [serious], and it
is too [important] to win it.”
![Page 19: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Rosie the RiveterRosie the Riveter
![Page 20: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Rosie the Riveter
![Page 21: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Rosie the Riveter
![Page 22: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rosie the Riveter
![Page 23: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Women’s Army Air Corps Pilots
Women’s Army Air Corps Pilots
Join the Women’s Army Corps
(WACs)
Join the Women’s Army Corps
(WACs)
Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)
![Page 25: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Families■ Uncertainties of war & economic
affluence of 40s led to a dramatic rise in marriage
■ Influx of women into workforce led to demand for daycare centers & to increase in child delinquency
■ Public health improved – more families had access to doctors, dentists, & prescription drugs
…and high divorce rates
![Page 26: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
African-Americans■ 1m Af-Ams served in military but few
saw combat■ Workplace discrimination led A. Philip
Randolph to pressure FDR to create Fair Employment Practices Comm
■ Great Migration continued to the North & West – made race relations a national issue
Banned discrimination in defense industries & gov
![Page 27: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Segregated units…againSegregated units…again
Tuskegee Airmen
![Page 28: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Double V: Victory at Home & Abroad
A. Philip Randolph threatened a “March on Washington” to
protest war time discrimination
Other groups, like the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), staged sit-ins in restaurants
in major cities to protest discrimination
![Page 29: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Mexican-Americans ■ Served in quasi-segregated military
units, often in the most hazardous branches
■ Mexican-American workers found jobs in SW agriculture & west coast industry
■ Faced discrimination, especially during the Zoot Suit Riots
![Page 31: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Zoot Suit Riots – LA
■ Fashion popular with 1940s LA Mex-Ams
■ Used lots of fabric– Strictly rationed
![Page 32: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Zoot Suit Riots – LA
■ Zoot Suits effectively illegal – Underground
tailors violating war effort
■ Seen as unpatriotic
![Page 33: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Zoot Suit Riots – LA
■ GIs stationed in LA beat up men wearing zoot suits
■ Police arrested “zoot suiters” after being beaten
![Page 34: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Japanese-Americans■ After Pearl Harbor, many in US feared
J-Ams were helping prepare for Japanese invasion in the West
■ Civil liberties restricted:–Issei had assets frozen–Used racial stereotypes (“Japs”)–1942: FDR ordered 112,000 J-Ams
moved to internment camps
![Page 35: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Japanese- American Internment
Camps
Families were given one week to close their businesses & homes
The all Japanese-American 442nd Division fought in Europe & received over 1,000
citations for bravery
![Page 36: Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56814281550346895daeac5a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Win-the-War Politics■ 1944: FDR used war to strengthen
leadership:–“Mr. New Deal” became “Mr. Win
the War”–Opponent Thomas Dewey made
communism & FDR’s health focus of the election
–FDR switched VPs from liberal Henry Wallace to moderate Harry Truman to gain appeal