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z/VM
Module 1: Introduction
The basic concepts and fundamental
ideas of z/VM
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Trademarks
IBM, DFSMS/VM,
Hipersockets, z/OS, zSeries,
z/VM, GDPS, Parallel Sysplex
and Tivoli are trademarks of
International Business
Machines Corporation in the
United States, other countries,
or both.
Microsoft and Windows are
trademarks of MicrosoftCorporation in the United
States, other countries, or both.
Java and all Java-based
trademarks are trademarks of
Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the
United States, other countries,
or both.
Other company, product or
service names may be
trademarks or service marks of
others.
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Objectives
What we should be able to do:
Describe z/VM is and its benefits as an operating system
Describe a virtual machine and what it does
Describe the differences between a first level guest and a second
level guest
Define what is meant by virtualization technology
List four hardware resources that z/VM virtualizes
Name three examples of Virtualization and describe each
List three advantages that can be obtained by using VirtualMachines
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Objectives continued
Define the following, note their differences, and tell how each
is used:
SAF
IFL
LPAR
Describe the three different types of operating environments
for z/VM
Describe the conditions that led to the development of
virtualization technology
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What is z/VM?
An operating system (VM = virtual machine)
A hypervisor, which refers to a system that virtualizes the
real hardware environment
Runs on the zSeries architecture created by IBM
Latest version is Version 4, Release 4
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z/VM as an Operating System
A highly flexible test and production environment
Has the ability to run multiple machine images and
architectures
Can simplify the migration from one release to another
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z/VM as an Operating System (2)
Running an operating system in a virtual machine should be the sameas running an operating system on a real processor
Storage, processors, and I/O devices should behave in the same wayon a virtual machine as on a real one
z/VMs user interface is its Control Program (CP) commands
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General z/VM Environment
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What are Virtual Machines?
z/VM uses real resources to create virtual machines that includeprocessors, memory, I/O devices, and networks
Virtual machines run as if a guest system was running on the realhardware
Virtualization Technology creates an illusion that z/VM uses tovirtualize hardware components VM allows users to run multiple copies and different types of
operating systems on the same mainframe system
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Creating System Level
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z/VM Virtualization Technology
Can reduce system administration costs for:
Planning
Purchasing Installing new hardware
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Processor Virtualization
The central processor is the core for:
The real machine
The virtual machine
Virtualization features:
Makes the guest operatingsystem believe that it
has exclusive control of the
processors
Actually the processors are being
shared among many
operating systems
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Memory Virtualization
This diagram shows the
translation process.
Several different levels of
translation are needed:
Machine
Physical memory
Virtual memory
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Storage Virtualization
Physical Storage
Direct Access Storage Devices(DASD) are the main storagedevice
Minidisks are the partitions of
the DASD storage deviceThese are the physical storagedevices that can be virtualizedto obtain virtual storage devices
Virtual Storage
Virtual disks are high speed
disks that perform and are
capable of the same operations
as the physical storage devices
If you have a CP failure or
shutdown all virtual devices are
lost
Virtual storage increase
performance and can
increase total size ofstorage devices
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I/O Virtualization
I/O devices that can be virtualized:
Ethernet NIC (network interface card)
Game port controller
Serial controller (COM)
Parallel controller (LPT)
Keyboard controller
I/O to device that can be virtualized:
Video adapter
Mouse and keyboard
Console interface
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Examples of Virtualization-VTAPES
Virtual tapes
You can define and use virtual tape drives as if they were real
tape drives
Like real tapes, virtual tapes can be: Mounted
Written
Rewound
Read
Unloaded
When a virtual tape is no longer required, it can be scratched
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Three Advantages of Using VM
Highly flexible environment
Multiple machine images
Many guest utilizing the same hardware
Consolidates resources
Cuts down on physical resources and space
Condenses many operating systems into one server
Increased performance
Enhancement for z/VM 4.3 is its Timer Management
Reduces bottlenecks and increases performance
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Important Building Blocks of z/VM
SAF
System Administration Facility
Similar to the Virtual Image Facility (VIF), an earlier component
Has additional tools that provide:
Easy migration for your existing Linux distribution
Configuration files
Linux images
Data to z/VM
Comes standard with all z/VM 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 packages
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Important Building Blocks z/VM
IFL
Integrated Facility for Linux
Dedicated Linux engine for processing only Linux workloads
Supports:
Linux applications
Linux operating systems
Linux operating system in conjunction with z/VM
IBMs IFLs are managed by PR/SM as a logical partition with
dedicated CPUs
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Important Building Blocks z/VM
Logical Partitions (LPARs)
Provide the ability to share a single server among separate
operating system images
Help create a secure computing environment
Processors can be dedicated or shared
Can have multiple LPARs per server (up to 15 LPARs in a
z900 server and up to 30 LPARs in a z990 server)
Used in environments where separation of workloads is
required, but where the use of a single hardware platform isdesired
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Virtual versus Real
Environments Virtual: (z/VM)
Can be functionally richerthan a real environment
Simulates hardware that does
not have to exist in the realsystem, such as virtual tapes
Can share a single copy of anapplication with many users
Real: (LPAR)
Has limitations depending on
the hardware
Hardware necessary to
accomplish your task can be
expensive
Supports only one
application for a single user
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Operating Environments
Logical Partitions (LPAR)
Hardware partitioning that enables up to 30 "logical partitions in thez/Architecture
Each LPAR runs a separate operating system
Each LPAR can run a different operating system
Virtual Partitions (z/VM) zSeries virtualization technology
Supports large numbers of Linux images and other operating systems
Provides management capabilities
Very flexible; great for server consolidation
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Running z/VM on an LPAR
Logical partitions (LPARs) can over time reduce costs and
increase flexibility
z/VM on LPARs gives users better security with more control
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How z/VM Fits with z/Architecture
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Changes and Growth of z/VM
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Versions and Releases
Version changes:
Indicate a significant change in capabilities
May also change the software price
Releasechanges: Indicate that an incremental change has been implemented
Point Release changes:
Indicate a service release or update
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z/VM Version 4 Release 3-Expanding Virtualization Technology
Virtualization Technology exploitation Accounting of Virtual network resources
I/O priority queueing
Improved DASD and minidisk cache
Connectivity Enhancements
Multicast support for HiperSockets
Simulation of a QDIO network adapter
System Management Improvements Better utilization of large real storage
RACF for z/VM as an optional, priced feature
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z/VM Version 4 Release 4Improves Virtualization Capabilities forLinux onzSeries
Virtualization Technology and Linux Enablement:
Helps reduce overhead and may improve performance of virtual
machines on z990 servers
Manages large numbers of virtual machines with high efficiency
Network Virtualization Enhancements:
Additional network-traffic configuration options using Virtual LANs(VLANs) and Virtual Switching
Extended HiperSockets support
Technology Exploitation Support for IBM z990:
Improved logical-partitioning scalability with Logical Channel
SubSystems (LCSS) Improved capacity planning and I/O performance measurements
Supports up to 30 logical partitions (LPARs)
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Key Concepts
Virtual machines emulates hardware and allows multiple usersto use the same hardware components
The importance of virtual machines:
Virtual machines (VM) run as they were running on the real
processor Can use hardware that does not have to exist in the real system
by simulation and virtualization
Virtual Machines can share a single copy of an application
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Key Concepts continued
What is Virtualization Technology:
With virtualization technology, z/VM users can easily create manyvirtual machines consisting of:
Virtualized processors
Virtualized memory Virtualized storage
Virtualized I/O resources
These can reduce administration costs and the overhead ofplanning, purchasing, and installing new hardware to support new
workloads.
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Key Concepts continued
The different types of environments:
Logical Partitions (LPARs)
Each of which runs a separate operating system
Virtual Partitions (z/VM) Support for large numbers of Linux images and other
operating systems
Running z/VM on a LPAR
z/VM on LPARs gives users better security with more control
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Glossary
Conversational Monitor System (CMS)- A component of z/VM that runs in avirtual machine and provides both the interactive z/VM end-user interfaceand the general z/VM application programming interface. CMS runs onlyunder the control of the z/VM Control Program (CP).
Control Program (CP)- A component of z/VM that manages the resources ofa single computer so that multiple computing systems appear to exist. Eachapparent system, or virtual machine, is the functional equivalent of the real
computer, and CP simulates the real machine architecture in the virtualmachine.
Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)- A mass storage medium in which thedata access time is effectively independent of the data location. Analogousto the hard drive in a personal computer system.
HiperSockets- A hardware channel that provides high-speed TCP/IPcommunication between logical partitions (LPARs) on the same IBM zSeries
server. It uses an adaptation of the queued direct I/O (QDIO) architecture. Hypervisor- has the ability to present virtual images of hardware control using
Control Program (CP) commands. Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)- a dedicated processor that handles Linux-
only workloads
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Glossary continued
Logical PARtition (LPAR)- A subset of the processor hardware that is definedto support the operation of a system control program (operating system).
Minidisks- a logical subdivision of a direct access storage device. OS/390- an operating system on the S/390 architecture. Queued Direct I/O (QDIO)- A hardware channel architecture for direct data
exchange with I/O devices, where both the I/O device and the program
running on the server refer to main storage directly through a set of dataqueues. The QDIO architecture is used by Open Systems Adapter-Express(OSA-Express), HiperSockets, and Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) channels.
Remote Access Control Facility (RACF)- a mainframe security product thatcan run on z/VM.
Real machine refers to a single operating system that has exclusive usageof the underlying hardware system. Personal computers operate as real
machines.
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Glossary continued
Release- an incremental set of changes to a level of software. Restructured EXtended eXecutor (REXX)- a programming language that
uses English-language like statements. System 360- the first mainframe architecture, which was created to run
multiple discrete workloads. Transaction Processing Facility (TPF)- an operating system that provides
real time, high volume transaction processing capability. Version- a significant change in software product capability. May be
associated with an increase in software price. Virtualization- A technology that facilitates the creation of many virtual
machines, consisting of virtualized processors, communications, storage,and I/O resources, on a single hardware system. The technology allowsvirtual machines to use hardware components, but they are indirectlyaccessed through virtualization.
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Glossary continued
Virtual images- copies of hardware that reflect the underlying systemarchitecture.
Virtual machine- (1) A virtual data processing system that appears to be at theexclusive disposal of a particular user, but whose functions are accomplishedby sharing the resources of a real data processing system. (2) In z/VM, thevirtual processors, virtual storage, virtual devices, and virtual channel
subsystem that CP allocates to a single user. A virtual machine also includesany expanded storage dedicated to it. VM/ESA- An earlier version of z/VM for 31-bit architecture systems. Virtual Storage Extended/Enterprise System Architecture (VSE/ESA) - an
operating system that runs on S/390 and 31-bit architecture-capable zSeriessystems. Supports small and medium business applications.
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Glossary continued
z/Architecture- An IBM mainframe computer and operating systemarchitecture that includes most of the facilities of S/390 and providessignificant extensions such as 64-bit registers and addressing.
z/OS- a mainframe operating system that supports both older COBOL-basedapplications and newer internet and Java-enabled applications, providing acomprehensive and diverse application execution environment. z/OS 1.4 is
available on the Marist z900 server. z/OS.e- a specially-priced version of z/OS that provides select z/OS functions
for the z800 and z890 processors. z/VM- an operating system that runs on zSeries mainframe servers. It takes
advantage of the 64-bit capabilities of z/Architecture.