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Modeling of Multifunctional Modeling of Multifunctional Substation Devices Substation Devices
Dr. Alexander ApostolovLos Angeles, CA
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IntroductionIntroduction
• IEC 61850 is now an approved international standard
• It allows the development of a new generation of distributed applications
• The successful implementation requires:
• Good understanding of the principles of the standard (No Ignorance!)
• Teamwork• Ambition
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ObjectsObjects• An object is “.. a thing that can be seen and
touched; material thing that occupies space .. “.Webster New World Dictionary of the American Language
• In object-oriented design (OOD) an object is an abstraction of real world entities and functions in a problem domain.
• Problem Domain is the application or process that is being modeled by Object Oriented representation (Classes and Objects) – power system protection and control.
• Objects are encapsulated — that is, they contain both their code and their data, making them more easier to maintain
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Classes and ObjectsClasses and Objects
• A class is a template for the creation of objects, the description of one or more objects with the same definitions for information and behavior.
• An object is defined as an instance of a class• Objects represent information and behavior :
• properties (or components, attributes) • Data that describe an object
• services (or methods, and events)• Methods are things you can tell the object to do• Events are things the object does
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Class ExampleClass Example
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Class ExampleClass Example
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Class Instance ExampleClass Instance Example
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Classes and ObjectsClasses and Objects
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Substation Communications Substation Communications ArchitectureArchitecture
Substation Computer
IED IED IED
Switch
Substation HMI
Router
IED IED IED IED
Switch
SCADA Master
WAN
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System Communications System Communications ArchitectureArchitecture
IED
Switch
Analysts
WAN
Substation 1
Substation 2
Substation i
Substation j
SubstationGateway
EMS
SCADA ServerISD
EMS
Traders
IED IED
IED
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Function DefinitionsFunction Definitions
• Functions in the substation are performed by the protection, control, monitoring and recording system.
• A function can be divided into sub-functions and functional elements.
• The functional elements are the smallest parts of a function that can exchange data.
• These functional elements in IEC 61850 are called Logical Nodes
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Logical Node GroupsLogical Node Groups
• System Logical Nodes LN Group: L • Logical Nodes for protection functions LN Group: P • Logical Nodes for protection related functions LN
Group: R • Logical Nodes for control LN Group: C • Logical nodes for generic references LN Group: G • Logical Nodes for interfacing and archiving LN
Group: I• Logical Nodes for automatic control LN Group: A
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Logical Node GroupsLogical Node Groups
• Logical Nodes for metering and measurement LN Group: M
• Logical Nodes for sensors and monitoring LN Group: S
• Logical Nodes for switchgear LN Group: X • Logical Nodes for instrument transformers
LN Group: T • Logical Nodes for power transformers LN
Group: Y • Logical Nodes for further power system
equipment LN Group: Z
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Relay Object ModelsRelay Object ModelsObject ModelsObject Models
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IED Functional HierarchyIED Functional HierarchyProtection
IEDDeviceIdentity
Over-current
Ground Definite time #1 Pickup Value
Function
Function
Phase
Negat. Seq.
Inverse time
Instant.
Time delay
Directio-nality
Minimum
Maximum
Step
FunctionControl
Sub-FunctionControl
Device Functional HierarchyDevice Functional Hierarchy
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IED Functional HierarchyIED Functional Hierarchy
IEC 61850 Server ClassIEC 61850 Server Class
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IED Functional HierarchyIED Functional Hierarchy
IEC 61850 Server ClassIEC 61850 Server Class
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IED Functional HierarchyIED Functional Hierarchy
IEC 61850 Logical Device ClassIEC 61850 Logical Device Class
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IED Functional HierarchyIED Functional HierarchyIEC 61850 Logical Node ClassIEC 61850 Logical Node Class
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IEC 61850 Data ClassIEC 61850 Data Class
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Logical Nodes Information Logical Nodes Information CategoriesCategories
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Functional ConstraintsFunctional Constraints• The property of DataAttribute that shows
its use is a Functional Constraint (FC). • Some more commonly used are:
•CO – control•SP – set point•CF – configuration•DC – description•SG – setting group•MX – measurements
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Object HierarchyObject HierarchyServer
Logical Device
Logical Device
Logical Device
Logical Node
Logical Node
Logical Node
Data Data Data
Data Attribute
Data Attribute
Data Attribute
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Nested Nested DataAttributesDataAttributes
DATAInstance
DataAttr DataAttr
DAComp DAComp
DAComp DAComp
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Nested Nested DataAttributesDataAttributes
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Data path exampleData path exampleMMXU1.A.phsB.cVal.mag.f• MMXU1: instance of LN class MMXU defined in
Part 7-4 • A: instantiation of the Composite DATA class WYE
(defined in 7-3) • phsB: value of the current in phase B as a Simple
Common DATA class of type CMV (defined in 7-3 )• cVal: is the complex value of the current in phase
B (of the Common DataAttribute type Vector)• mag: this object represents the magnitude of the
complex value (type AnalogValue - defined in 7-3) • f is a DataAttributeComponent which is of the
basic type FLOATING POINT (defined in 7-2)
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Common data classes for Common data classes for measurandmeasurand informationinformation
•Measured value (MV)•Complex measured value (CMV)•Sampled value (SAV)•WYE•Delta (DEL)•Sequence (SEQ)•Harmonic value (HMV)•Harmonic value for WYE (HWYE)•Harmonic value for Delta (HDEL)
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Metering and Measurement Metering and Measurement Logical NodesLogical Nodes
• Differential measurements Name: MDIF• Harmonics or interharmonics Name: MHAI• Non phase related harmonics or interharmonics
Name: MHAN• Metering Name: MMTR• Non phase related Measurement Name: MMXN• Measurement Name: MMXU• Sequence & imbalance Name: MSQI• Metering Statistics Name: MSTA
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Measured values attributes in Measured values attributes in MMXUMMXU
Name Type DescriptionPPV DEL Phase to phase voltagesPhV WYEPhase to ground voltagesA WYEPhase currentsW WYEPhase active power (P)VAr WYEPhase reactive power (Q)VA WYEPhase apparent power (S)TotW MV Total Active Power (Total P)TotVAr MV Total Reactive Power (Total Q)TotVA MV Total Apparent Power (Total S)TotPF MV Average Power factor (Total PF)Hz MV FrequencyPF WYEPhase power factorZ WYEPhase Impedance
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Protection Logical NodesProtection Logical Nodes
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Protection Logical NodesProtection Logical Nodes
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Logical Nodes DataLogical Nodes Data
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Setting DataSetting Data
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Overcurrent Protection LN Overcurrent Protection LN PTOCPTOC
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Setting AttributesSetting Attributes
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ServicesServices
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Distributed ApplicationsDistributed Applications
PD2
LNn
LD1
F2
PD1
LN4
LNn
LD1
F1
F3
LN1
LN2
LN3
LN4
LN1
LN2
LN3
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Measuring Functions Measuring Functions DecompositionDecomposition
IARC IHMI
MMTR MMXU
TVTR TCTR
SubstationLevel
BayLevel
ProcessLevel
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Multifunctional IED Object Multifunctional IED Object ModelModel
Server
LN1
LN2
LN3
LN4
LNn
LD1
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Multifunctional IED Object Multifunctional IED Object ModelModel
PQM IED
LN(i)
MMXU1
LD1
MMTR1
MMHI1
MSTA1
MMXU2
MMHI2
MSTA2
HV
MV
hv
mv
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Multifunctional IED Object Multifunctional IED Object ModelModel
ServerLD1
LD2
LD3
LD4
LD5
LD6
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Distance FunctionDistance Function
Distance
FaultDetection
FaultedPhaseSelection
DirectionalDetection
DistanceCharact.
Compensation Power SwingDetection
I> V< Z< ΔV ΔI
ΔV, ΔIPolarized
V V0 V2 I0
ΔI/dtdZ/dt
K0 I0mut Ich Iload
Line Impedance
Setting Criteria
CCVT
SIR
VT Supervision
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Distance FunctionDistance FunctionDistance
Zone
Complex Simple
MhoOhm
Direction
Characteristic
Ohm
LoadEncroachment
Rbl Xbl rbl xbl Mho
Rbl rbl LXbl LxblOhm
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Load EncroachmentLoad Encroachment
Ohm
LoadEncroachment
Rbl rbl LXbl Lxbl
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Distance Zone Settings Distance Zone Settings ––Configuration ModelConfiguration Model
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Distance Zone Settings Distance Zone Settings ––Characteristic ModelCharacteristic Model
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Distance Zone Settings Distance Zone Settings ––Characteristic ModelCharacteristic Model
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R
X
PoRchMod
PoRchModPolar Reach Module
PoRchAng Polar Reach Angle
OfsModReverse Offset Module
OfsAngReverse Offset Angle
RisRchModResistive Reach Module
RisRchAngResistive Reach Angle
ReaRchModReactive Reach Module
ReaRchAngReactive Reach Angle
PlrMth Polarizing Method
PlrVal Polarizing Value
OfsMod RisRchMod
RisRchAng
ReaRchAng
ReaRchMod
OfsAng
PoRchAng
Mho Characteristic ModelMho Characteristic Model
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R
X
Negative Reactance Angle 2NReaAng2
Positive Characteristic AnglePCharAng
Negative Characteristic AngleNCharAng
Negative Reactance Angle 1NReaAng1
Negative Reactance ReachNReaRch
Negative Resistive Angle 1PRisAng1
Negative Resistive ReachNRisRch
Positive Reactance Angle 2PReaAng2
Positive Reactance Angle 1PReaAng1
Positive Reactance ReachPReaRch
Positive Resistive Angle 1PRisAng1
Positive Resistive ReachPRisRch
PCharAng
NCharAng
Z
x
r
z
Quadrilateral Characteristic Quadrilateral Characteristic ModelModel
Positive Resistive Angle 2PRisAng2
Negative Resistive Angle 2PRisAng2