40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
By: José A. Rodríguez AlvarezBy: José A. Rodríguez Alvarez
ContentsContentsContentsContents
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
1.- Overview of Rice Production in Cuba.1.- Overview of Rice Production in Cuba.
2.- Objectives.2.- Objectives.
3.- Material and Methods.3.- Material and Methods.
4.- Results.4.- Results.
5.- Conclusions.5.- Conclusions.
1.- Overview of Rice Production in Cuba.1.- Overview of Rice Production in Cuba.
2.- Objectives.2.- Objectives.
3.- Material and Methods.3.- Material and Methods.
4.- Results.4.- Results.
5.- Conclusions.5.- Conclusions.
Overview of Rice Production in CubaOverview of Rice Production in CubaOverview of Rice Production in CubaOverview of Rice Production in Cuba
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
•There are 8 State Rice Enterprise in Cuba with a total area of There are 8 State Rice Enterprise in Cuba with a total area of
more than 200 000 ha.more than 200 000 ha.
•There are 8 State Rice Enterprise in Cuba with a total area of There are 8 State Rice Enterprise in Cuba with a total area of
more than 200 000 ha.more than 200 000 ha.
•The rice in Cuba is directly seeded, not transplanted, with wet The rice in Cuba is directly seeded, not transplanted, with wet
and dry seeding technologies. Wet seeding is used in wet sea-and dry seeding technologies. Wet seeding is used in wet sea-
son, while dry seeding is used in dry season.son, while dry seeding is used in dry season.
•The rice in Cuba is directly seeded, not transplanted, with wet The rice in Cuba is directly seeded, not transplanted, with wet
and dry seeding technologies. Wet seeding is used in wet sea-and dry seeding technologies. Wet seeding is used in wet sea-
son, while dry seeding is used in dry season.son, while dry seeding is used in dry season.
• The Rice production sector is the most important water consu-The Rice production sector is the most important water consu-
mer in Cuban agriculture.mer in Cuban agriculture.
• The Rice production sector is the most important water consu-The Rice production sector is the most important water consu-
mer in Cuban agriculture.mer in Cuban agriculture.
Others18%
Pasture Irrigation1%
Vegetables Irrigation
9%
Fruit and Citric Irrigation
2%
Industry and Urban Supply
30%
Sugar Cane Irrigation
10%
Rice Irrigation30%
Others18%
Pasture Irrigation1%
Vegetables Irrigation
9%
Fruit and Citric Irrigation
2%
Industry and Urban Supply
30%
Sugar Cane Irrigation
10%
Rice Irrigation30%
Overview of Rice Production in CubaOverview of Rice Production in CubaOverview of Rice Production in CubaOverview of Rice Production in Cuba
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
• The typical rice irrigation system is formed by very large levelThe typical rice irrigation system is formed by very large level
basins (4 to 12 ha ), with 50 m/ha or less irrigation canals den-basins (4 to 12 ha ), with 50 m/ha or less irrigation canals den-
sity, low irrigation discharges and adverse topographic condi-sity, low irrigation discharges and adverse topographic condi-
tions (insufficient land levelling).tions (insufficient land levelling).
• The typical rice irrigation system is formed by very large levelThe typical rice irrigation system is formed by very large level
basins (4 to 12 ha ), with 50 m/ha or less irrigation canals den-basins (4 to 12 ha ), with 50 m/ha or less irrigation canals den-
sity, low irrigation discharges and adverse topographic condi-sity, low irrigation discharges and adverse topographic condi-
tions (insufficient land levelling).tions (insufficient land levelling).
• The rice yields are very low and insufficient to cover the na- The rice yields are very low and insufficient to cover the na-
tional demand. tional demand.
• The rice yields are very low and insufficient to cover the na- The rice yields are very low and insufficient to cover the na-
tional demand. tional demand.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5Y
ield
(T
/ha
)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Year
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5Y
ield
(T
/ha
)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Year
ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
1.- To develop and apply a methodology for studying1.- To develop and apply a methodology for studying
modernization scenarios in a rice farm.modernization scenarios in a rice farm.
1.- To develop and apply a methodology for studying1.- To develop and apply a methodology for studying
modernization scenarios in a rice farm.modernization scenarios in a rice farm.
2.- To evaluate modernization policies that can be 2.- To evaluate modernization policies that can be
extended to other rice farms sharing similar problems.extended to other rice farms sharing similar problems.
2.- To evaluate modernization policies that can be 2.- To evaluate modernization policies that can be
extended to other rice farms sharing similar problems.extended to other rice farms sharing similar problems.
Material and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and Methods
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
Id en tifica tion an d D esc rip tion
S im u la tion o f th e F irs t Irrig a tion
Moderniza tion Scena rios
N et P resen t V a lu e
S en s it ivity A n a lys is
Econom ic Ana lysis
C a libra tion a nd Va lida tion of a 2D S im ula tion Model
F ie ld E leva tion S u rveys
D isch arg e M easu rem en t
A d van ce D ata
Field D a ta C ollection
In filtra tion
F ie ld E leva tion s
D a ta Ana lysis Methods
Field SiteY u cayo F arm : F ie ld # 1 9
F ern á n d o E ch en iq u e R ice In te rp riseG ran m a P rovin ce , C u b a
Yucayo Farm
Material and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and Methods
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
Id en tifica tion an d D esc rip tion
S im u la tion o f th e F irs t Irrig a tion
Moderniza tion Scena rios
N et P resen t V a lu e
S en s it ivity A n a lys is
Econom ic Ana lysis
C a libra tion a nd Va lida tion of a 2D S im ula tion Model
F ie ld E leva tion S u rveys
D isch arg e M easu rem en t
A d van ce D ata
Field D a ta C ollection
In filtra tion
F ie ld E leva tion s
D a ta Ana lysis Methods
Field SiteY u cayo F arm : F ie ld # 1 9
F ern á n d o E ch en iq u e R ice In te rp riseG ran m a P rovin ce , C u b a
Inflow Hydrograph for T-48 Level Basin
020406080
100120140160
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Time (min)
Infl
ow
(L
/s)
Inflow Hydrograph for T-48 Level Basin
020406080
100120140160
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Time (min)
Infl
ow
(L
/s)
ADVANCE DATAADVANCE DATA
Advance front was determined at variable time intervals,Advance front was determined at variable time intervals,
locating flags at the edge of the advancing front.locating flags at the edge of the advancing front.
ADVANCE DATAADVANCE DATA
Advance front was determined at variable time intervals,Advance front was determined at variable time intervals,
locating flags at the edge of the advancing front.locating flags at the edge of the advancing front.
Irrigation Trial
Irrigation Trial
Material and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and Methods
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
Id en tifica tion an d D esc rip tion
S im u la tion o f th e F irs t Irrig a tion
Moderniza tion Scena rios
N et P resen t V a lu e
S en s it ivity A n a lys is
Econom ic Ana lysis
C a libra tion a nd Va lida tion of a 2D S im ula tion Model
F ie ld E leva tion S u rveys
D isch arg e M easu rem en t
A d van ce D ata
Field D a ta C ollection
In filtra tion
F ie ld E leva tion s
D a ta Ana lysis Methods
Field SiteY u cayo F arm : F ie ld # 1 9
F ern á n d o E ch en iq u e R ice In te rp riseG ran m a P rovin ce , C u b a
Kostiakov Infiltration Model
R2=0.994 Fit Standar Error=0.0062
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
Time (min)
Infil
tra
ted
Vo
lum
e (
m2/m
)
Actual Predicted
Kostiakov Infiltration Model
R2=0.994 Fit Standar Error=0.0062
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
Time (min)
Infil
tra
ted
Vo
lum
e (
m2/m
)
Actual Predicted
0
0.00005
0.0001
0.00015
0.0002
0.00025
0.0003
0.00035
0.0004
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Distance (m)
Se
miv
ari
an
ce
(m
2)
Conventional Land Levelling
Laser Land Levelling (Zero Slope)
Laser Land Levelling (Residual Slope)
0
0.00005
0.0001
0.00015
0.0002
0.00025
0.0003
0.00035
0.0004
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Distance (m)
Se
miv
ari
an
ce
(m
2)
Conventional Land Levelling
Laser Land Levelling (Zero Slope)
Laser Land Levelling (Residual Slope)
STANDAR DESVIATION OF FIELD ELEVATIONSSTANDAR DESVIATION OF FIELD ELEVATIONS
•Conventional Land Levelling= 24.8 mm Conventional Land Levelling= 24.8 mm
•Laser Land Levelling (Zero Slope)= 12.4 mmLaser Land Levelling (Zero Slope)= 12.4 mm
•Laser Land Levelling (Residual Slope)= 18.8 mmLaser Land Levelling (Residual Slope)= 18.8 mm
STANDAR DESVIATION OF FIELD ELEVATIONSSTANDAR DESVIATION OF FIELD ELEVATIONS
•Conventional Land Levelling= 24.8 mm Conventional Land Levelling= 24.8 mm
•Laser Land Levelling (Zero Slope)= 12.4 mmLaser Land Levelling (Zero Slope)= 12.4 mm
•Laser Land Levelling (Residual Slope)= 18.8 mmLaser Land Levelling (Residual Slope)= 18.8 mm
Material and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and Methods
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
Id en tifica tion an d D esc rip tion
S im u la tion o f th e F irs t Irrig a tion
Moderniza tion Scena rios
N et P resen t V a lu e
S en s it ivity A n a lys is
Econom ic Ana lysis
C a libra tion a nd Va lida tion of a 2D S im ula tion Model
F ie ld E leva tion S u rveys
D isch arg e M easu rem en t
A d van ce D ata
Field D a ta C ollection
In filtra tion
F ie ld E leva tion s
D a ta Ana lysis Methods
Field SiteY u cayo F arm : F ie ld # 1 9
F ern á n d o E ch en iq u e R ice In te rp riseG ran m a P rovin ce , C u b a
B2D SURFACE IRRIGATION MODELB2D SURFACE IRRIGATION MODEL
• Developed by Playán et al. (1996)Developed by Playán et al. (1996)
• Solve the 2D hydrodinamic Saint Vennant equationsSolve the 2D hydrodinamic Saint Vennant equations
• Use an explicit finite-difference Leapfrog schemeUse an explicit finite-difference Leapfrog scheme
• Can accommodate spatially varied infiltration and soil elevationsCan accommodate spatially varied infiltration and soil elevations
B2D SURFACE IRRIGATION MODELB2D SURFACE IRRIGATION MODEL
• Developed by Playán et al. (1996)Developed by Playán et al. (1996)
• Solve the 2D hydrodinamic Saint Vennant equationsSolve the 2D hydrodinamic Saint Vennant equations
• Use an explicit finite-difference Leapfrog schemeUse an explicit finite-difference Leapfrog scheme
• Can accommodate spatially varied infiltration and soil elevationsCan accommodate spatially varied infiltration and soil elevations
CALIBRATION OF B2D MODELCALIBRATION OF B2D MODEL
• Computational grid of 5x5 mComputational grid of 5x5 m
• Manning’s n= 0.04Manning’s n= 0.04
CALIBRATION OF B2D MODELCALIBRATION OF B2D MODEL
• Computational grid of 5x5 mComputational grid of 5x5 m
• Manning’s n= 0.04Manning’s n= 0.04
Material and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and Methods
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
Id en tifica tion an d D esc rip tion
S im u la tion o f th e F irs t Irrig a tion
Moderniza tion Scena rios
N et P resen t V a lu e
S en s it ivity A n a lys is
Econom ic Ana lysis
C a libra tion a nd Va lida tion of a 2D S im ula tion Model
F ie ld E leva tion S u rveys
D isch arg e M easu rem en t
A d van ce D ata
Field D a ta C ollection
In filtra tion
F ie ld E leva tion s
D a ta Ana lysis Methods
Field SiteY u cayo F arm : F ie ld # 1 9
F ern á n d o E ch en iq u e R ice In te rp riseG ran m a P rovin ce , C u b a
Scenario Unit Inflow(L/s/ha)
Land Leveling Reuse Diagram
R 8.17 Conventional NoR-a 8.17 Laser NoI-a 16.34 Conventional NoI-b 16.34 Laser NoI-c 32.68 Conventional NoI-d 32.68 Laser No
Scenario Unit Inflow(L/s/ha)
Land Leveling Reuse Diagram
R 8.17 Conventional NoR-a 8.17 Laser NoI-a 16.34 Conventional NoI-b 16.34 Laser NoI-c 32.68 Conventional NoI-d 32.68 Laser No
Scenario Unit Inflow(L/s/ha)
Land Leveling Reuse Diagram
II-a 65.36 Conventional No
II-b 65.36 Laser No
Scenario Unit Inflow(L/s/ha)
Land Leveling Reuse Diagram
II-a 65.36 Conventional No
II-b 65.36 Laser No
Scenario Unit Inflow(L/s/ha)
Land Leveling Reuse Diagram
II-c 65.36 Conventional Yes
II-d 65.36 Laser Yes
Scenario Unit Inflow(L/s/ha)
Land Leveling Reuse Diagram
II-c 65.36 Conventional Yes
II-d 65.36 Laser Yes
Scenario Unit Inflow(L/s/ha)
Land Leveling Reuse Diagram
III-a 141.09 Laser(ResidualSlopes)
No
III-b 141.06 Laser(ResidualSlopes)
Yes
Scenario Unit Inflow(L/s/ha)
Land Leveling Reuse Diagram
III-a 141.09 Laser(ResidualSlopes)
No
III-b 141.06 Laser(ResidualSlopes)
Yes
Material and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and Methods
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
Id en tifica tion an d D esc rip tion
S im u la tion o f th e F irs t Irrig a tion
Moderniza tion Scena rios
N et P resen t V a lu e
S en s it ivity A n a lys is
Econom ic Ana lysis
C a libra tion a nd Va lida tion of a 2D S im ula tion Model
F ie ld E leva tion S u rveys
D isch arg e M easu rem en t
A d van ce D ata
Field D a ta C ollection
In filtra tion
F ie ld E leva tion s
D a ta Ana lysis Methods
Field SiteY u cayo F arm : F ie ld # 1 9
F ern á n d o E ch en iq u e R ice In te rp riseG ran m a P rovin ce , C u b a
SIMULATION OF THE FIRST IRRIGATIONSIMULATION OF THE FIRST IRRIGATION
In direct-seeded rice with dry seeding technology there are:In direct-seeded rice with dry seeding technology there are:
• A strong correlation between the time of water standing on sur-A strong correlation between the time of water standing on sur-
face (first irrigation) and the rice germination percent.face (first irrigation) and the rice germination percent.
• A strong correlation between the time of water standing on sur-A strong correlation between the time of water standing on sur-
face (first irrigation) and the rice total yield.face (first irrigation) and the rice total yield.
SIMULATION OF THE FIRST IRRIGATIONSIMULATION OF THE FIRST IRRIGATION
In direct-seeded rice with dry seeding technology there are:In direct-seeded rice with dry seeding technology there are:
• A strong correlation between the time of water standing on sur-A strong correlation between the time of water standing on sur-
face (first irrigation) and the rice germination percent.face (first irrigation) and the rice germination percent.
• A strong correlation between the time of water standing on sur-A strong correlation between the time of water standing on sur-
face (first irrigation) and the rice total yield.face (first irrigation) and the rice total yield.
Y = -0.344X + 100
R2 = 0.9904
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
First Irrigation Inundation Time (h)
Ric
e G
erm
ina
tio
n (
%)
Y = -0.344X + 100
R2 = 0.9904
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
First Irrigation Inundation Time (h)
Ric
e G
erm
ina
tio
n (
%)
Time of Water Standing on Surface (First Irrigation) (h)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
First Irrigation Innundation Time (h)
Tota
l Ric
e Y
ield
(t/
ha
)
Y=8.6-0.015X-9.6*X^2
R2=0.999
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
First Irrigation Innundation Time (h)
Tota
l Ric
e Y
ield
(t/
ha
)
Y=8.6-0.015X-9.6*X^2
R2=0.999
Time of Water Standing on Surface (First Irrigation) (h)
Material and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and MethodsMaterial and Methods
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
Id en tifica tion an d D esc rip tion
S im u la tion o f th e F irs t Irrig a tion
Moderniza tion Scena rios
N et P resen t V a lu e
S en s it ivity A n a lys is
Econom ic Ana lysis
C a libra tion a nd Va lida tion of a 2D S im ula tion Model
F ie ld E leva tion S u rveys
D isch arg e M easu rem en t
A d van ce D ata
Field D a ta C ollection
In filtra tion
F ie ld E leva tion s
D a ta Ana lysis Methods
Field SiteY u cayo F arm : F ie ld # 1 9
F ern á n d o E ch en iq u e R ice In te rp riseG ran m a P rovin ce , C u b a ECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC ANALYSIS
•Rehabilitation Cost= 20% Initial InvestmentRehabilitation Cost= 20% Initial Investment
•Rice Production Cost of Yucayo FarmRice Production Cost of Yucayo Farm
•Water Price = 0.005 USD/mWater Price = 0.005 USD/m33
•Modernization Cost (land levelling, new inflow andModernization Cost (land levelling, new inflow and
outflow structures, new levees, etc.)outflow structures, new levees, etc.)
•Rice Selling Price= 265 USD/TRice Selling Price= 265 USD/T
•Interest Rate = 12%Interest Rate = 12%
ECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC ANALYSIS
•Rehabilitation Cost= 20% Initial InvestmentRehabilitation Cost= 20% Initial Investment
•Rice Production Cost of Yucayo FarmRice Production Cost of Yucayo Farm
•Water Price = 0.005 USD/mWater Price = 0.005 USD/m33
•Modernization Cost (land levelling, new inflow andModernization Cost (land levelling, new inflow and
outflow structures, new levees, etc.)outflow structures, new levees, etc.)
•Rice Selling Price= 265 USD/TRice Selling Price= 265 USD/T
•Interest Rate = 12%Interest Rate = 12%
Results (Validation of B2D Model)Results (Validation of B2D Model)Results (Validation of B2D Model)Results (Validation of B2D Model)
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135X (m)
Y (
m)
Simulado
Medido 10 min.
Medido 20 min.
Medido 35 min.
Medido 50 min.
Medido 110 min.
Medido 170 min.
Medido 200 min.
Medido 230 min.
10
10 min
20 min
20 min
35 min
35 min
50 min
50 min
110
110
170 min
200 min
230 min
50
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135X (m)
Y (
m)
Simulado
Medido 10 min.
Medido 20 min.
Medido 35 min.
Medido 50 min.
Medido 110 min.
Medido 170 min.
Medido 200 min.
Medido 230 min.
10
10 min
20 min
20 min
35 min
35 min
50 min
50 min
110
110
170 min
200 min
230 min
50
Simulated
Measured 10 min.
Measured 20 min.
Measured 35 min.
Measured 50 min.
Measured 110 min.
Measured 170 min.
Measured 200 min.Measured 230 min.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Simulated Advance Distances (m)
Me
as
ure
d A
dv
an
ce
Dis
tan
ce
s (
m)
Y = 0.983X - 1.728
R2 = 0.977
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Simulated Advance Distances (m)
Me
as
ure
d A
dv
an
ce
Dis
tan
ce
s (
m)
Y = 0.983X - 1.728
R2 = 0.977
Results (Simulation Results)Results (Simulation Results)Results (Simulation Results)Results (Simulation Results)
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
R-a I-a I-b I-c I-d II-a II-b II-c II-d III-a III-b
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Inc
rea
se
wit
h
Re
sp
ec
to t
o S
ce
na
rio
"R
"
Scenarios
Distribution Uniformity (%) Mean Germination (%)
R-a I-a I-b I-c I-d II-a II-b II-c II-d III-a III-b
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Inc
rea
se
wit
h
Re
sp
ec
to t
o S
ce
na
rio
"R
"
Scenarios
Distribution Uniformity (%) Mean Germination (%)
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180
R
I-c I-d
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180
R-a
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180 I - a
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180 I - b
R i c e G e r m i n a t i o n ( % )
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180
R
I-c I-d
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180
R-a
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180 I - a
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 3200
20406080
100120140160180 I - b
R i c e G e r m i n a t i o n ( % )
R-a I-a I-b I-c I-d II-a II-b II-c II-d III-a III-b
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Re
du
cti
on
wit
h
Re
sp
ec
t t
o S
ce
na
rio
"R
"
Scenarios
Applied Volume (m^3) Mean Irrigation Depth (mm)
R-a I-a I-b I-c I-d II-a II-b II-c II-d III-a III-b
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Re
du
cti
on
wit
h
Re
sp
ec
t t
o S
ce
na
rio
"R
"
Scenarios
Applied Volume (m^3) Mean Irrigation Depth (mm)
Results (Modernization Actions)Results (Modernization Actions)Results (Modernization Actions)Results (Modernization Actions)
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Inc
rea
se
(+
) o
r P
erc
en
tag
e R
ed
uc
e (
-)
AppliedVolume (-)
MeanIrrigationDepth (-)
DistributionUniformity (+)
Germination(+)
Irrigation andDewatering
Time (-)
R-Ia Ra-Ib R-Ic Ra-Id R-IIa Ra-IIb
Compared Scenarios Comparados
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Inc
rea
se
(+
) o
r P
erc
en
tag
e R
ed
uc
e (
-)
AppliedVolume (-)
MeanIrrigationDepth (-)
DistributionUniformity (+)
Germination(+)
Irrigation andDewatering
Time (-)
R-Ia Ra-Ib R-Ic Ra-Id R-IIa Ra-IIb
Compared Scenarios Comparados
Water ManagementWater Management
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Inc
rea
se
(+
) o
r P
erc
en
tag
e R
ed
uc
e (
-)
AppliedVolume (-)
MeanIrrigationDepth (-)
DistributionUniformity (+)
Germination(+)
Irrigation andDewatering
Time (-)
R-Ra Ia-Ib Ic-Id IIa-IIb IIc-IId
Compared Scenarios
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Inc
rea
se
(+
) o
r P
erc
en
tag
e R
ed
uc
e (
-)
AppliedVolume (-)
MeanIrrigationDepth (-)
DistributionUniformity (+)
Germination(+)
Irrigation andDewatering
Time (-)
R-Ra Ia-Ib Ic-Id IIa-IIb IIc-IId
Compared Scenarios
Laser Land LevellingLaser Land Levelling
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Inc
rea
se
(+
) o
r P
erc
en
tag
e R
ed
uc
e (
-)
Applied Volume (-) Mean IrrigationDepth (-)
Germination (+) Irrigation andDewatering Time
(-)
IIa-IIc IIb-IId IIIa-IIIb
Compared Scenarios
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Inc
rea
se
(+
) o
r P
erc
en
tag
e R
ed
uc
e (
-)
Applied Volume (-) Mean IrrigationDepth (-)
Germination (+) Irrigation andDewatering Time
(-)
IIa-IIc IIb-IId IIIa-IIIb
Compared Scenarios
Reuse SystemReuse System
Results (Economic Analysis)Results (Economic Analysis)Results (Economic Analysis)Results (Economic Analysis)
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800N
PV
(U
SD
/ha
)
III-b III-a II-d II-b II-c II-a I-d I-c I-b I-a R-a R
Scenarios
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800N
PV
(U
SD
/ha
)
III-b III-a II-d II-b II-c II-a I-d I-c I-b I-a R-a R
Scenarios
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
NP
V (
$/h
a)
R R-a I-a I-b I-c I-d II-a II-b II-c II-d III-a III-b
Scenarios
0.06 $/m^3 0.05 $/m^3 0.01 $/m^3 Present Price (0.005 $/m^3)
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
NP
V (
$/h
a)
R R-a I-a I-b I-c I-d II-a II-b II-c II-d III-a III-b
Scenarios
0.06 $/m^3 0.05 $/m^3 0.01 $/m^3 Present Price (0.005 $/m^3)
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
1.- The performance of the rehabilitation scenarios is low. Distri-1.- The performance of the rehabilitation scenarios is low. Distri-
bution Uniformity and Germination Percent have been estimatedbution Uniformity and Germination Percent have been estimated
as 66% and 65% respectively.as 66% and 65% respectively.
1.- The performance of the rehabilitation scenarios is low. Distri-1.- The performance of the rehabilitation scenarios is low. Distri-
bution Uniformity and Germination Percent have been estimatedbution Uniformity and Germination Percent have been estimated
as 66% and 65% respectively.as 66% and 65% respectively.
2.- Relatively simple mordernization actions as change in water2.- Relatively simple mordernization actions as change in water
management, laser land levelling and introduction of reuse sys-management, laser land levelling and introduction of reuse sys-
tems, can increase the Distribution Uniformity by about 20% and tems, can increase the Distribution Uniformity by about 20% and
the Mean Germination by 50%, as well as, reduce the Appliedthe Mean Germination by 50%, as well as, reduce the Applied
Volume of Water by more than 60%.Volume of Water by more than 60%.
2.- Relatively simple mordernization actions as change in water2.- Relatively simple mordernization actions as change in water
management, laser land levelling and introduction of reuse sys-management, laser land levelling and introduction of reuse sys-
tems, can increase the Distribution Uniformity by about 20% and tems, can increase the Distribution Uniformity by about 20% and
the Mean Germination by 50%, as well as, reduce the Appliedthe Mean Germination by 50%, as well as, reduce the Applied
Volume of Water by more than 60%.Volume of Water by more than 60%.
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
3.- Of all modernization actions, change in water management 3.- Of all modernization actions, change in water management
(increase the irrigation discharge of the first irrigation at rice basin(increase the irrigation discharge of the first irrigation at rice basin
level) has the highest positive impact on the performance of irri-level) has the highest positive impact on the performance of irri-
gation and drainage systems.gation and drainage systems.
3.- Of all modernization actions, change in water management 3.- Of all modernization actions, change in water management
(increase the irrigation discharge of the first irrigation at rice basin(increase the irrigation discharge of the first irrigation at rice basin
level) has the highest positive impact on the performance of irri-level) has the highest positive impact on the performance of irri-
gation and drainage systems.gation and drainage systems.
4.- From the technical and economical points of view, sloping 4.- From the technical and economical points of view, sloping
basin with reuse systems (Scenario III-b), is the best suited mo-basin with reuse systems (Scenario III-b), is the best suited mo-
dernization scenario for the predominant conditions in Field 19 ofdernization scenario for the predominant conditions in Field 19 of
Yucayo Farm.Yucayo Farm.
4.- From the technical and economical points of view, sloping 4.- From the technical and economical points of view, sloping
basin with reuse systems (Scenario III-b), is the best suited mo-basin with reuse systems (Scenario III-b), is the best suited mo-
dernization scenario for the predominant conditions in Field 19 ofdernization scenario for the predominant conditions in Field 19 of
Yucayo Farm.Yucayo Farm.
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions
40th International Course on Land Drainage40th International Course on Land Drainage
5.- Increase the price of water could be a stimulating measure 5.- Increase the price of water could be a stimulating measure
for introducing more efficient irrigation and drainage systems in for introducing more efficient irrigation and drainage systems in
the rice production sector of Cuba.the rice production sector of Cuba.
5.- Increase the price of water could be a stimulating measure 5.- Increase the price of water could be a stimulating measure
for introducing more efficient irrigation and drainage systems in for introducing more efficient irrigation and drainage systems in
the rice production sector of Cuba.the rice production sector of Cuba.