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1
W I S S E N T E C H N I K L E I D E N S C H A F T
u www.tugraz.at
MOL.911 Recombinant products
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2
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3
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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4
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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5
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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6
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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7
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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8
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9
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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10
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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11
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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12 MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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13
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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14 MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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15 MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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16 MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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17 MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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18
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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19
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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20
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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21
Interleukin 6
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22
Fusion strategy for E.coli production
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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23
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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24
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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25
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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26
Human Growth Hormone - hGH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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27
hGH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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28 hGH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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29
Met
Intracellular Production
1st aa replaced by Met
hGH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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30
Intracellular Production
Met
AlaGlu
Met processed by E.coli in vivo
AlaGlu
AlaGlu cleaved of by peptidase in vitro
hGH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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31
Secretory Expression
Signal sequence
hGH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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32
Secretory Production in Eucaryotic Cell Line
Fusion of hGH Gene to Metallothionein Promoter
MT1
hGH
MT1
hGH
hGH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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33 hGH
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Construction of pHILαHZeo
pHILD2KexZeo 11839 bp
HIS4
3´ AOX1 fragment
AmpR Kex 2
Zeocin cassette
5´ AOX1 promoter fragment
f1 ori
pBR322 ori
AOX 1 TT region
Not I
Not I
Sph I
Sph I
Eco RI
Eco RI I
Eco RI
Integration in HIS4 locus is possible with selection for Zeozin resistance
Secretory systems Engineering
Co-Expression of KEX2
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35 Secretory systems Engineering
concentrated media 4 days after harvesting, stored at 4°C
Fermentation: 250 mL wide necked baffled flasks
conditions:
BMG, 140rpm,
29°C
hGH 22 kDa
αh
GH
K8
/Kex
1 3
0x
Nu
Page
®M
arke
r
αh
GH
K8
/Kex
2 3
0x
αh
GH
K8
/Kex
3 1
0x
αh
GH
K8
/Kex
4 3
0x
αh
GH
K8
/Kex
5 1
0x
αh
GH
K8
/Kex
6 3
0x
αh
GH
K8
/Kex
7 1
0x
αh
GH
K8
40
x
αh
GH
K8
60
x
GS1
15
30
x
Co-expression of Processing enzymes KEX2
Human Growth Hormone
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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36 Follicle Stimulating Hormone - FSH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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37
hFSH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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38 hFSH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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39 hFSH
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
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40
HBV genome organization. The partially double-stranded, circular RC-DNA is indicated by thick black lines, with P covalently linked to the 5´ end of the (-)-DNA, and the RNA primer (zigzag line) at the 5´ end of (+)-DNA. The dashed part symbolizes the heterogeneous lengths of the (+)-strands. DR1 and DR2 are the direct repeats. The outer circle symbolizes the terminally redundant pgRNA with ε close to the 5´ end, and the poly-A tail at the 3´ end. The precore mRNA is nearly identical, except it starts slightly upstream. The relative positions of the open reading frames for core (C), P, preS/S, and X are shown inside. TP, Terminal protein domain of P.
Hepatitis B Virus HBV
World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 7; 13(1): 48–64. Published online 2007 Jan 7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i1.48
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41
Replication cycle of the hepadnaviral genome. Enveloped virions infect the cell, releasing RC-DNA containing nucleocapsids into the cytoplasm. RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus, and repaired to form cccDNA (1). Transcription of cccDNA by RNA polymerase II (2) produces, amongst other transcripts (not shown), pgRNA. pgRNA is encapsidated, together with P protein, and reverse transcribed inside the nucleocapsid (3). (+)-DNA synthesis from the (-)-DNA template generates new RC-DNA. New cycles lead to intracellular cccDNA amplification; alternatively, the RC-DNA containing nucleocapsids are enveloped and released as virions. PM, plasma membrane.
HBV
World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 7; 13(1): 48–64. Published online 2007 Jan 7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i1.48
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42
MOL.911 Molecular Biotechnology I
HBV
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43 HBV
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44 HBV
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45 HBV
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46 HBV
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47 HBV
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48 HBV
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49 Tissue Plasminogen Activator tPA tPA
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50 tPA CHO Chinese Hamster Ovary
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51
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52
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53
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54
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55
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56
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57
Enzymes
Most commercial Enzymes are produced as recombinant enzymes Main Hosts: Escherichia coli Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kluyveromyces lactis Pichia pastoris Aspergillus niger/awamori Trichoderma reesei
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58
1: Oxidoreductases: catalyze oxidation reactions, involve the movement of electrons from one molecule to another. Dehydrogenases: removal of hydrogen Oxidases: acceptor oxygen Peroxidases: acceptor hydrogen peroxide
2: Transferases: catalyse the transfer of groups of atoms (radicals) from one molecule to another. (Aminotransferases or transaminases)
3: Hydrolases: catalyse reactions between a substrate and water e.g.: cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, glucosidic bonds in carbohydrates and ester bonds in lipids.
4: Lyases: catalyse the addition of groups to double bonds or the formation of double bonds through the removal of groups. e.g.Pectate lyases: split the glycosidic linkages by beta-elimination.
5: Isomerases: catalyse the transfer of groups from one position to another on the same molecule. change the structure of a substrate by rearranging its atoms.
6: Ligases: join molecules together with covalent bonds. reactions require energy in the form of cofactors such as ATP.
Class of enzyme - Reaction profile
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1: Oxidoreductases Catalases Glucose oxidases Laccases Peroxidases Dehydrogenases - Reductases 2: Transferases Fructosyl-transferases Glucosyl-transferases
Typical enzymes used in industrial processes
3: Hydrolases Amylases Cellulases Lipases, Esterases Pectinases Proteases Pullulanases
4: Lyases Pectate lyases (Alpha-acetolactate) decarboxylases 5: Isomerases Glucose isomerase 6: Ligases emerging field
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Enzymes
In
Biocatalysis
Source:
Novozymes
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Enzymes used in baking
Source:Novozymes
Enzyme applications in the food industry
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Citation: Sarrouh B, Santos TM, Miyoshi A, Dias R, Azevedo V (2012) Up-To-Date Insight on Industrial Enzymes Applications and Global Market. J Bioprocess Biotechniq S4:002 doi:10.4172/2155-9821.S4-002
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Enzyme Research Volume 2010, Article ID 862537
doi:10.4061/2010/862537
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Enzyme Research Volume 2010, Article ID 862537
doi:10.4061/2010/862537
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Enzyme Research Volume 2010, Article ID 862537 doi:10.4061/2010/862537
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Sweetener production Enzymes for starch modification glucose syrups
Enzyme applications in the food industry
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Brewing alpha-amylase beta-glucanase protease pentosanase
Enzyme applications in the food industry
Diacetyl
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Pectin degradation
Extraction of plant material Wine making Fruit Juices Oil Extraction
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Enzymatic modification of lipids Enzymatic modification of lipids Lipases, Esterases Enzymatic degumming phospholipase
Enzyme applications in the food industry
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Dairy products Rennet and rennet substitutes Recombinant calf chymosin Microbial rennets Cheese ripening Lipases Infant milk formulas Proteases (allergy problem cow milk)
Enzyme applications in the food industry
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Preprochymosin is shortened by 16 amino acids during secretion- appears in the stomach as prochymosin is activated to chymosin by cleavage of additional 42 amino acids. Recombinant Chymosin: (1) chymosin A from Escherichia coli K-12 (2) chymosin B from Kluyveromyces lactis (3) chymosin B from Aspergillus niger var. awamori.
Chymosin
Enzyme applications in the food industry
http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869N/CHEM869NLinks/www.fst.rdg.ac.uk/courses/fs560/topic1/t1g/t1g.htm
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Restriction Endonucleases
Proteins for Research Enzymes Human Proteins Antibodies
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Co-Expression of Methylase Protection against toxic effects of R-endonuclease
Influence of host features on expression of R-endonucleases
B A
B.amyloliquefaciens naturally expresses BamH1 Methylase