Download - Monocots I
![Page 1: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Monocots I.
![Page 2: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Monocotyledons (Monocotyledonae, Monocots)
• Monophyletic group
• Comprise 22% of all angiosperms
• Relationships to other “basal” angiosperms unclear at present
![Page 4: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Apomorphies of the Monocots
• Different stem vasculature
• Parallel leaf venation
• Single cotyledon
• NOTE: a trimerous flower merosity is not a Monocot apomorphy
![Page 5: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Apomorphies of the Monocots• Atactostele stem vasculature
![Page 6: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Apomorphies of the Monocots• Parallel leaf venation (penni-parallel in some)
![Page 7: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Apomorphies of the Monocots• Single cotyledon
![Page 8: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Liliaceae - Lily family
• Perennial
• Usually bulbous herbs, lacking an onion-like odor
• Basal or cauline leaves
• Inflorescence a raceme, umbel or of solitary flowers
• 16 genera / ca. 600 species
![Page 10: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Liliaceae
![Page 11: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Liliaceae – herbaceous perennials
![Page 12: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bulbs
![Page 13: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lillium
![Page 14: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tulipa
![Page 15: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Loculicidal capsule – common fruit type in the Lilliaceae
![Page 16: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Maianthemum – False Solomon’s Seal
![Page 17: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Eremocrinum albomarginatum (Sand Lily)
![Page 18: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lilium philadelphicum (Wood Lily)
![Page 19: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Orchidaceae - Orchid family
• Mycorrhizal, mostly perrennial, terrestrial or epiphytic herbs having trimerous flowers
• Showy labellum
• Androecium and gynoecium adnate
• Pollinia - pollen grains fused into a 1-several masses
• 700-800 genera / ca. 20,000 species
![Page 20: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Caladenia longiclavata Australia
![Page 21: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
labellum
column
![Page 22: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cattleya sp.
![Page 23: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cymbidium sp.
![Page 24: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cypripedium sp. Lady’s Slipper
![Page 25: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Dendrobium phalaenopsis
![Page 26: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Dracula chimaera Dracula vampira
![Page 27: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Encyclia sp. Cockleshell Orchid
![Page 28: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Epidendrum sp.
![Page 29: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Oncidium lanceanum
![Page 30: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Pseudobulb
![Page 32: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Stanhopea trigrinum
![Page 33: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Thelymitra antennifera Australia
![Page 34: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Vanilla planifolia Vanilla Orchid
![Page 35: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Commelinid Monocots
Apomorphy: UV-fluorescent organic acids (including coumaric, diferulic, and ferulic acid) that impregnate the cell walls.
![Page 37: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Arecaceae (Palmae) - Palm family
• Rhizomatous, lianous, or usually arborescent stem
• Large, sheathing, plicate leaves
• Fleshy, usually drupaceous fruit, and seeds lacking starch
• The plicate leaves is an apomorphy for the family.
• 190 genera / ca. 2,000 species.
![Page 39: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Arecaceae – Palm Family
![Page 40: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Fruit a drupe
![Page 41: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Archontophoenix cunnighamiana King Palm
![Page 42: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Syagrus romanzoffianum Queen Palm
![Page 43: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Calamus Rattan Palm
![Page 44: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean Palm
![Page 45: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Licuala peltata
![Page 46: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Nypa fruticans - a rhizomatous palm
![Page 47: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Phoenix canariensis
Canary I. Palm
![Page 48: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Phoenix dactylifera
Date Palm
![Page 49: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Sabal urseana
![Page 50: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Washingtonia filifera Desert Fan Palm
![Page 51: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Washingtonia filifera Desert Fan Palm
![Page 52: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Washingtonia robusta Zombia antillarum
![Page 53: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Bromeliaceae - Bromeliad family
• Perrenial terrestrial or epiphytic herbs or shrubs with surface peltate scales,
• Colorful bracts
• Trimerous flowers with typically twisted stigmas.
• P 3+3 or (3)+(3) A 3+3 G 3, superior or inferior.
• 59 genera / 2,400 species
![Page 54: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Peltate scales
![Page 55: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Peltate scales fr. Pierce, 2006
![Page 56: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Twisted Styles
![Page 57: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Aechmea
![Page 58: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Ananas comosus Pineapple
![Page 59: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Dyckia dawsonii
![Page 64: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Neoregalia
![Page 65: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Tillandsia fasciculata
![Page 67: Monocots I](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/568147d6550346895db5102c/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Tillandsia usneoides Spanish moss