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How ICT Can Assist Energy Efficient Fleet Operations
-How Broadband Changes Quality of Weather Routing
Digital Ship Singapore 22-23, May, 2012
Ryo KakutaTechnical Strategy Group, MTI (Monohakobi Technology
Institute)R&D company of NYK Line
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Outline• Background
• Energy Efficient Fleet Operations
• Optimum Weather Routing
• Weather Routing and Monitoring
• Improvement of Weather Routing by Broadband
• Next Challenge
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Save bunker activities in shipping company• According to increased cost of bunker, shipping companies have applied
operational and technical measures for fuel savings– Slow steaming– Weather routing– Propeller cleaning– Energy saving devices
Cost benefit and emission reduction by slow steaming
e.g. 8,000 TEU containerShip speed 24 knot 20 knot
M/E fuel consumption
225 ton/day 130 ton/day
M/E fuel cost(@ 600 USD/MT)
134,800 USD/day 78,000 USD/day
CO2 emission 696 ton/day 403 ton/day
Slow steaming
- 42 %
- 16 %
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Performance monitoring- compare total fuel consumption
• Same ship size and same voyage – but total amounts of fuel consumption largely differ
Comparison of total fuel consumption per voyageSame ship size and same voyage
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1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
A -1 B-1 C-1 D-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 A-2 B-2 C-2 D-2 F-2 G-2
Vessel - Voyage
Fuel
Con
sum
ptio
n [M
T]
More than 30 % difference
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SEEMP - PDCA management for energy efficiency
• SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan)– MEPC 62 adopted revisions of MARPOL Annex VI introducing EEDI and SEEMP
• Entry into force date: 1 January 2013
EEOI trend
0
1
2
3
4
5
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Voy. 1 Voy. 2 Voy. 3 Voy. 4 Voy. 5 Voy. 6 Voy. 7 Voy. 8
Voyage number
EEO
I [g
/ton
-mile
]Operational measures
• slow steaming
• weather routing
• hull and propeller maintenance
….
Plan Do Check Act
Continuous monitoring & improvement
6Importance of Energy Efficient Operation is increasing
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Fleet operation
Snapshot from NYK e-Missions’NYK fleet: about 800 vessels now
• Best balance of safety, economy and environment– No cargo and ship damage– Keep schedule– Maximize charter base (minimize cost)– Minimize emissions
8Multi-objective optimization
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Management for energy efficient operation- Needs all related parties participation
Do - navigation
Check – monitoring
Plan – routing
PDCA cycle forimprovement
To encourage all participants efforts for energy efficient operation by sharing information, good communication and right scheme
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Act – corrective action
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Challenge to Optimize Fleet Operation in NYK
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Figure from “More Than Shipping 2013”
Monitoring
Weather Routing
Broadband
Real-time Operation
Concept to Realization!
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Introduction of Onboard Broadband on NYK Fleet- Improve Infrastructure
Reducing CO2 emissions by introducing onboard broadband
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IBIS (Innovative Bunker and Idle-time Saving) PJ- Effective Utilization of Broadband
Sharing Information including weather, sea forecasts, sea-current,and ship-operation data between land and ships in real time.
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Optimum Weather Routing• Role of weather routing
– (past) Avoiding severe weather– (now) Optimum weather routing
Best balance of •Safety•Schedule keep•Economy•Environment
• Necessary technology for optimum weather routing– Ship performance model
•RPM – speed – fuel consumption– Ship motion and performance in severe
weather
Way points
Routes and weather
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Optimum Weather Routing-Necessity of Ship Performance Model
“Courtesy of WNI”
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Integration of Weather Routing with Monitoring
Weather Routing ( PLAN )
• Voyage plan
+ weather forecast
+ ship performance model
+ ship motion model
Performance Monitoring ( CHECK )
• Actual voyage
+ actual weather
+ ship performance data
+ ship motion dataFeedback
Ship model and weather forecast inherently include errors.
Feedback loop with monitoring can make this system work better.
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Example Implementation of Data Collection box Onboard
• Requirements
• Interface to onboard equipment, such as engine D/L, GPS, anemometer, flow meter and etc.
• High reliability … 24 hrs, 365 days work without maintenance
• Lower cost of implementation
• Flexibility of customization
Flow meter
FUELNAVI18
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Engine Data Logger
GPS (speed, course) NMEA
Doppler log (speed) NMEA
Gyro compass (heading) NMEA
Anemometer (rel. wind) NMEA
RPM 4-20 mA
F.O. flow meter pulse
S.H.P 4-20 mA
Master clock pulse
F.O. temperature 4-20 mA
Sea water temp. 4-20 mA
E/R temp. 4-20 mA
serial / LAN
GOT monitor-Fuel consumptionmonitor
serial / LAN
Ship’s LAN
Inmarsat-FBBor VSAT
MotionSensor serial
FUELNAVI Schematic Diagram
Bridge
E/C
Box Computer(MOXA)-data storage-data transfer
FuelNavi
(PLC: MitsubishiMELSEC-Q)
-Data processing-Calculate statistics
SIMS junction box
serial
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SIMS Overview(Ship Information Management System)
VDR / ECDIS
Engine Data Logger
Data Acquisition and Processing
SIMS Viewer
-Trend monitoring of speed, M/E RPM, fuel consumption and other conditions per hour
- Comparing planned schedules and actual schedules• Main Engine
• FO flow meter
• Torque meter
• GPS
• Doppler log
• Anemometer
• Gyro Compass
Inmarsat-F/FB
<Navigation Bridge>
<Engine Room>
Viewer
Motion sensor
Data Center
SIMS Monitoring & Analysis System at Shore
Operation Center
Singapore, ….
Technical Analysis (MTI)
Voyage Analysis Report Break down analysis of fuel consumption for each voyage
Feedback to captains
SIMS Data Collection System Onboard
Report
SIMS auto logging data (per hour) & SPAS electronic
abstract logbook data (per day)
Communications via Technical Management
FuelNavi
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Weather routing service provider
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Optimum Weather Routing
Performance Model
Weather Forecast
Voyage Planning
Noon Report
RPM
Spe
ed
2.Model Calibration
SIMS Data
1.Model Improvement
RPM
Spe
ed
Calibrate Model based onActual data
Good Performance Model basedon actual and detail data
SIMS Data
SIMS DataCOmmunication
SIMS Data
Noon Rpt.
Before Model
After Ajustment
Real Data
4.Evaluation
Feedback to WeatherRouting
Feedback
3.MonitoringMonitoring Gap between
Actual and plan
SIMS Data
Weather RoutingVessel
OperationCom
munica
tion
Comm
unication
Communication
FOC Safety SchedulePlan APlan BPlan C
L
78 rpm 82 rpm
Route and RPM
82 rpm
Recommendation
AfterDeparture
PreVoyage
DuringNavigation
PostVoyage
SIMS Data
Integrating Optimum Weather Routing with SIMS
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20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 20 40 60 80 100
Report
New
Old
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100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
New
Old
RPM Model – Actual [mt/24h]
FOC
[mt/
24h]
Freq
uenc
y
Container Ship Sample
Standard deviation reduces from 9.3[mt/24h] to 5.4[mt/24h].Estimation accuracy improves about 40%.
Zero error peak enhancementshows accuracy improvement.
σ(old) = 9.3[mt/24h]σ(new) = 5.4[mt/24h]
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Performance Model Correction(Pre-voyage)
“Courtesy of WNI”
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Improvement of Weather Routing by Broadband
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Improvement of Weather Routing by Broadband
rpm
spe
ed
Calibrationmodel
Calibrated model
actual
Maritime broadband (FBB, VSAT)
Revise schedule by real-time information
15 days forecast 1/12 resolution current
Voyage simulation
onboard
vesselCaptain and engineer at shore
Recommend RPM
Actual RPM
Recommend speed
Feedback to ship performance model
Full time connection
Large data size transfer
Voyage simulation
shore
Feedback actual weather
Actual sea state
Actual wind & ship motion
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Rich Weather Content by Fleet Broadband
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Narrowband Broadband
Frequency 2 times/day 4 times/day
Forecast Range 10days 15days
Grid Size (Current) 1/2 degree 1/32 degree
Current (1/2 degree)
Hi-Resolution Current (1/32 degree)“Courtesy of WNI”
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Error Monitoring Error Minimization
Error from Ab-Log analysis orPast performance
● Reported FOC● Simulated FOC(WNI)
● Reported FOC● Simulated FOC(WNI)
Semi-autoCalibration
Vessel Performance DB Voyage Plan
VoyageRecords
Simulation Settingbased on the similarvoyage recodes
Error becomes small
About 5mt under-estimation
All of datawithin ±2.5mtdifference
This processcan be applied forBROB-differenceor M/E FOC.Estimation of totalFOC is improved.
Underwayprocess
Real-time Performance Model Correction
“Courtesy of WNI”
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Further Improvement
Uncertainties
Weather Forecast
Ship Performance Ship Motion
Continuous effort is requiredfor reducing uncertainties in weather routing-Reducing gap between estimate and actual- Monitoring and feedback
Uncertainties
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Compare Estimated Ship Performance with Actual
Comparison
ActualEstimate
Ship Performance Model Actual Performance and Weather
Weather Forecast
Wave Height Meter
Measuring actual wave height remains a challenge.
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Compare Optimum Trim Estimation with Actual
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Optimum trim estimation(reasoning by model test, simulation)
Trim trial with performance monitoring
Comparison
The relation of propulsive performance and trim are physically complex problem.
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Compare Estimated Ship Motion with Actual
ship motion simulation actual ship motion and acceleration
cargo securing & ship structural safety
criteria
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[sec]
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Expectation on Broadband
Weather Routing
Enhancement of monitoring plays a key roll to improve weather routing.Installation of broadband will accelerate the cycle of improvement.
Improvement
Ship performance, ship motion, draft and trim, wave height,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Concluding remarks
• NYK aims to optimize fleet operation by integrating weather routing, monitoring and broadband
• Installation of broadband enables sending rich weather content to vessels and real-time weather routing
• For reducing uncertainties in weather routing, the cycle of estimation, monitoring and feedback is required
• Broadband will contribute to acceleration of the cycle
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