Download - Montage
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MontageLovingly made by:Dan Black, Matthew Brown, Victoria Guerrero, as well as Evan Harms
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History
•Montage – French "putting together"
• Story as a whole / symbolic meaning
“To determine the nature of montage is to solve the specific problem of cinema.”
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Montage
• The process or technique of selecting, editing, and piecing together separate sections of film or video to form a continuous whole.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU9Uwhjlog8
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Differences
•American – Unity through opposition
• Soviet – Opposite ideas making new
• French – Movement
•German – Light and color
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Sergei Eisenstein• One of the first important narrative filmmakers• Pioneer in the use of montage• Linkage of shots to evoke emotions
• Methods of Montage:• 1. Metric• 2. Rhythmic• 3. Tonal• 4. Overtonal• 5. Intellectual
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Metric Montage
• Time length of shots
• Combination of shots = Absolute Length
• Example:• Paint in painting• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Dig3HDSH9CE
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Rhythmic Montage
• Rate of action in comparison to music
• Changing shots in time with musical beat
• Acceleration of action compared to music• Fast action : Slow musicExample:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=b2uLNioVW-M
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Tonal Montage
• Tone of shot matches tone of music• Dark shot will have dark music• Loud action has loud music
• Example:• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jSTWy25hRiI
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Overtonal/Associational
•Combination of all previous (Metric, Tonal, Rythmic)
•Abstract + Complicated effect
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amiVgxYQ3q8
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Eisenstein’s Features of Film
• Primo - Photo-fragments of nature• This is the distorted fragment of nature
(Only a part of nature is seen)• Secundo - The combination of the
fragments of nature, which thus creates a scene (also known as a montage)
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Eisenstein’s Dialectic Approach to Film Form
• Philosophical• Projection of opposing views in film can abstractly
create a process of thinking
• Artistic• The same projection which concretely creates
and gives form to film makes the film.• Combination of abstract and concrete projection
creates conflict • Fundamental concept of approach to film form.
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Art• “Art is Always Conflict”• According to: • It’s social mission • It’s nature• It’s methodology
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To Social Mission• Art’s task is to bring contradictions (conflict) of what is, to
the audience’s mind.
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To Nature• In conflict with nature due to the natural existence and
creative tendency.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDOvMb6pSlo
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To Methodology
• The methods of filmmaking bring about two counterpoints;•Visual and Audio-Visual
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The Counterpoints
• Visual Counterpoints• Through visual aspects it helps to create
conflict graphically, on planes, spatially, and through lights.• http://www.youtube.com/
watchv=6P2iUJucbk4• Audio-Visual Conflicts• Through sound it helps to create conflict
through volumes and in tempo.• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqRHjYl9
55s
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Battleship Potemkin
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Battleship Potemkin, 1925
•Made by Sergei Eisenstein• Celebrates 1905 Revolution against
Tsarism in Russia• Sailors rebellion• Captain orders them shot• Gained support
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Battleship Potemkin
•Created to inspire comrades towards Bolshevism• Test theory of montage• Emotional Response•Characterization simplified
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Odessa Steps
•Massacre of Civilians on the Odessa Steps•Many films have paid homage to scene• Fictional• Rhythmic Montage•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D
LEE2UL_N7Q
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More on Battleship Potemkin
• Critically acclaimed worldwide• Eisenstein focused on structural issues• Camera angles• Crowd movements• Montage• Brought under fire from Soviet film community• Forced to issue public articles of self-criticisms,
commitments to reform his cinematic visions to conform to socialist realism’s doctrines