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Morphology and photosynthesis of Larix sibirica needle in Ural region
Zagirova SvetlanaInstitute Biology Komi SC URB RAS
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Afforested areas in Komi Republic:1- spruce, 2- pine, 3- fir, 4- larch,
5- cedar, 6- birch, 7- aspen, 8- others
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The investigations were carried out in western mountainside of the Northern and Sub-Polar Ural (Pechora-Ilych reserve,
National park “Yugyd Va”)
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Larch stands on the Northern and Sub-Polar Ural
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Larch trees at altitude timber line of Sub-Polar Ural
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N of plot
Altitude, m
a.s.l.
Stand composition, %
Age of trees
Average value of Number of trees/ 1 he height,
mdiameter, cm
1 623 90 Larix10 Betula
In total
61-13532-109
6.53.4
206.9
144200344
2 550 80 Larix20 BetulaSingle Abies
In total
78-11040-100-*
6.64.53.8
20.910.29.0
45655622
1034
3 540 70 Larix20 Betula10 Abies
In total
71-24843-10047-137
9.64.94.3
28.210.910
133400378911
4 502 60 Abies 20 Larix20 BetulaSingl Cedar
In total
89-130-34-8841-240
5.17.75.35.7
11.928.612.514.0
116778
28922
1556
Morphology of larch stand at altitude timber line on the Northern Ural
Примечание. * - нет данных
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The objects of investigation Methods and instruments
Morphologic structure of larch needles
Light and electronic microscope methods
Structure of photosynthetic tissue and cells in needles
Photosynthetic activity of larch at high altitude on the Ural Mountains
LiCor 6400 gas analiser
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2 year old annual long shoot (auxiblast)
Brachyblasts on the annual shoot and trunk
Shoots and needle of larchLast annual long shoot
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Total biomass of needle(1) and stem(2) at different height of larch tree
0 2 4 6 8
4
8
12
16
Hei
ght o
f tre
e, m
Fresh biomass, kg
12
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Variation of 2 year old annual shoot length (1), number of brachyblasts per 1 shoot (2) and number of needle per 1 brachyblast (3) in the crown of larch tree
0 20 40 60 80 100
7
9
11
13
15
3
2
1
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0102030405060
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Age of annual shoot, year
Fres
h bi
omas
s, g
Biomass of needles (1) and stems (2) on the branch from middle part of larch crown
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Age of annual shoot, year
Nee
dle
biom
ass,
%
12
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2-8 year old larch brachyblasts
Number of needles in brachyblast and length of needle
01020304050
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Age of annual long shoot, year
Number of needle in brachyblast Length of needle, mm
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Apex on transverse section of larch brachyblast
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Partial volume (%) of mesophyll in needles of conifer trees
Transverse section of larch needle
Partial volume (%) of intercellular space in mesophyll
0
10
20
30
40
50
part
ial v
olum
e,%
Larch Ceder Spruce
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Characteristics of chloroplasts in larch needle in July
Characteristic Larch Spruce
Square of chloroplast transverse section (except for starch granule), mkm2
4.0±1.0 8.5±1.1
Number of :
granum per 1 chloroplast section
22±5 22±5
thylakoids per 1 granum 5±2 7±2
thylakoids per q chloroplast section
110 154
thylakoids per 1 mkm2 chloroplast section
28 18
Chl
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Photosynthesis of larch (1) and spruce (2) on the Northern Ural in July
0,000
0,020
0,040
0,060
0,080
0,100
0 500 1000 1500
PAR, mkmol m2 s-1
Taki
ng o
f CO 2
, mkm
ol g
-1 s
-1
1
2
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Daytime dynamics of PAR (1) and photosynthesis (2) of larch at altitude tree line of North Ural
Partly cloudy day
Cloudless hot day
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
8:59 9:48 10:36 12:02 12:50 13:38 14:27 15:15
Taki
ng o
f СО
2, m
kmol
g-1
s-1
020040060080010001200140016001800
PAR,
mkm
ol m
-2 s
-1
0
500
1000
1500
2000
25009:
40
9:53
10:0
8
10:2
3
10:3
8
10:5
3
11:0
8
11:2
3
11:3
8
12:3
7
12:5
2
13:0
7
13:2
2
13:3
7
13:5
2
14:0
7
14:2
2
14:3
8
14:5
3
15:0
8
PAR,
mkm
ol m
-1 s
-1
0,000,020,040,060,080,100,120,14
Taki
ng o
f СО
2, m
kmol
g-
1 s-1
1
2
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Date Weather Photosynthesis, mkmol CO2 m-2 s-1
PAR, mkmol m-2 s-1
Air temperatu
re , °С
Air moisture,
%
min max min max min max min max4 July Partly
cloudy1.49 2.56 278 1194 7 14 41 64
8 July Cloudless 1.44 3.09 282 1834 15 29 27 5811 July Cloudless 1.27 3.10 201 1681 23 36 25 5717 July Cloudless 2.26 4.20 481 1510 21 31 42 73
Photosynthesis of larch needle and microclimatic date in upper part of forest in the North Ural (2006)
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Species Region Ph, mkmol СО2 m2 s-1 Authors
L.desidua Europe 3 Beneck et al., 1981
L.desidua Moscow region 25 (mg СО2 g-1 h-1) Малкина, 1995
L. cajanderi Central Yakutia 6-13 Максимов и др., 2005
L. gmelinii Central Yakutia 8-10 Vygodskaya et al., 1997
L. sibirica Irkutsk region 3 Суворова и др, 2003
L. sibirica Komi Republic,extreme north taiga
4-10 (mg СО2 g-1 h-1) Бобкова , Тужилкина, 199
L. sibirica Archangelscaja obl.., extreme north taiga
27 (mg СО2 g-1 h-1)
Коновалов, 2002
L. sibirica North and Subpolar Ural 3-4 Zagirova S. (unpublished)
Variation of photosynthesis of larches
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Conclusion:
High photosynthesis of larch on the Ural Mountains is provided for large needle surface of brachyblasts, intercellular space in mesophyll and peculiar properties of chloroplasts in its cells. Efficiency of photosynthesis depends on weather in vegetation season.
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Thank you for attention!
The investigations were supported by Project of Presidium RAS “Biological diversity of terrestial and water ecosystems of the Polar Ural” in 2009-2010