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Motion in the Ocean
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Ocean Currents
• Warm currents flow AWAY from the equator and towards the poles
• Cold currents flow TOWARDS the equator from the poles
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It transports heat from the equator to the poles
It transports nutrients and organisms – it returns oxygen to the system and stirs up food from bottom
It influences weather and climate It influences commerce
Why is Ocean Circulation Important?
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Ocean currents are rivers of circulating waters found in the ocean
There are two types: Surface Currents- the upper 400m of the
ocean (10%) Deep Water Currents- Thermal/Salinity
currents (90%)
What are Currents?
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Make up 10% of the oceans’ waters
Up to a maximum depth of 400 meters
Broad, slow drifts that NEVER cross the equator
Mostly wind generated Create gyres-
enormous circular currents
Surface Ocean Currents
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Migration
Importance of Surface Currents
Navigation
Weather
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Makes up about 90% of the oceans’ water
Differences in density are related to salinity and temperature which causes the waters to move up or down beneath the ocean
Deep Ocean Currents
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Global ocean circulation that is driven by differences in densities of the sea water which is controlled by:
Temperature Salinity (salt)
Thermohaline Circulation
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Upwelling Movement of deep
water to surface Hoists cold,
nutrient-rich water to surface
Produces high productivities and abundant marine life
Importance of Deep Ocean Currents
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The Wind Just as wind moves
from high pressure to low pressure, so do our waters
Winds blow across the surface creating friction and motion
The water piles up because the water currents flow slower than the winds
Factors Influencing Currents
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The Sun heats the
water making it less dense and creating a convection current in the ocean
Factor also referred to as water density
Factors Influencing Currents
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Water’s Salinity- Salinity means salt
content Saltwater is more
dense, so it sinks lower than fresh water
Factors Influencing Currents
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The Coriolis Effect Causes water to
move right in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise)
Causes water to move left in the Southern Hemisphere
(counter-clockwise)
Factors Influencing Currents
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1. How are ocean currents produced?
2. Where do cold currents come from? Where do warm currents come from?
3. How do ocean’s impact climate?
Reflective Questions?