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A Taste of MI
Motivational Interviewing
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Objectives
• Acquaint attendees with basic concepts
and methods of MI
• Establish an understanding and an
interest in learning more about MI in the
PCP setting
• Application of basic MI skills
• Review basics of MI and application within
the PCP setting
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Just a taste…
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MI-3
• 30 years after MI first
emerged
• 1st edition 1991
• 2nd edition 2002
• 25,000 articles cite MI
• 200 RCT
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Definition
Motivational interviewing is a
collaborative,
person-centered,
guiding method designed to
elicit and strengthen
motivation for change
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What do we know?
• Improves retention, adherence, and outcomes
across a range of behaviors
• Generalizes fairly well across cultures
• Relationship matters
• Change talk, sustain talk, and discord matter – and
they are in our control!
• It is learnable
• Proficiency is reliably measurable and predicts
better outcomes
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Does MI work?
75%
improved
Source: Lundahl, 2010
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MI in Medical Settings • MI showed particular promise in areas such as HIV viral load,
dental outcomes, death rate, body weight, alcohol and tobacco
use, sedentary behavior, self-monitoring, confidence in change,
and approach to treatment.
• MI was robust across moderators such as delivery location and
patient characteristics, and appears efficacious when delivered in
brief consultations.
• The emerging evidence for MI in medical care settings suggests
it provides a moderate advantage over comparison interventions
and could be used for a wide range of behavioral issues in health
care.
Lundahl B, Moleni T, Burke BL, Butters R, Tollefson D, Butler C, Rollnick S. Patient Educ Couns. 2013
Nov (Epub 2013 Aug 1). Motivational interviewing in medical care settings: A systematic review and
meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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MI in Primary Care
• “MI appears to be useful in clinical settings and as
few as one MI session may be effective in
enhancing readiness to change and action directed
towards reaching health behavior-change goals.”
Vanbuskirk KA, Wetherell JL. J Behav Med. 2013 Aug 11. Motivational interviewing
with primary care populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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MI facilitates change
by: Helping a person identify, consolidate,
strengthen, and act upon their intrinsic
motivation
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The MI Spirit
• People are competent
• We assume that they have self-
knowledge, attitudes, and
capabilities that can effect change
• Our main focus is on being present
in a way that supports change
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Spirit of MI
Partnership
Evocation
Compassion
Acceptance
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Four Processes
ENGAGING
PLANNING
FOCUSING
EVOKING
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Engaging
• Relational foundation
• Objective: establish a collaborative
working relationship with the other
person
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Focusing
• Develop and maintain a specific
agenda
• Discover what is important to the
other person
• Unfolding and evolving process
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Evoking
• Differential eliciting of change talk
• Change talk = the other person’s
arguments for change
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Planning*
• Ongoing process – not the end
• Begin with the end in mind
• Use the other person’s expertise
as your PRIMARY resource
*not necessary for it to be MI
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Key MI Skills
• Open-Ended, Evocative
Questions
• Affirmation
• Reflective Listening
• Summaries
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Key MI Skills: Change Talk
• Recognizing Change
Talk
• Responding to Change
Talk
• Eliciting Change Talk
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Continuing to Learn MI
• “One-shot” trainings don’t promote competent
practice (Miller & Mount, 2001; Walters et al., 2005)
• Initial training with follow-up coaching based on
direct observation of practice is “gold-standard”
• Peer-learning groups have shown some
usefulness
• You will learn from your patients if you know
what to look for!
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Resources for Learning MI
• Motivational Interviewing
Network of Trainers www.motivationalinterviewing.org
• Guilford Press – Applications
of Motivational Interviewing Series