Download - M/s. PEARL DISTILLERY LIMITED
SVELC/UPL/EIA/FINAL
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Feb’ 2021
M/s. PEARL DISTILLERY LIMITED (EXPANSION OF GRAIN BASED DISTILLERY PRODUCTION
CAPACITY FROM 90 KLPD TO 150 KLPD)
SITE ADDRESS: Sy. Nos. 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54, 55/1 & 2, 56, etc., Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda village, Singarayakonda Mandal, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh ACTIVITY: GRAIN BASED DISTILLERY PRODUCTION CAPACITY: 90 KLPD TO 150 KLPD Sector: 5(g) – Distilleries Baseline Collection: Nov’2020 to Jan’2021 ToR No: AP PKM IND 04 2020 1794 Dt: 06.05.2020
PREPARED BY
SV ENVIRO LABS & CONSULTANTS Visakhapatnam
Phone: 0891-2755528, Fax: 0891-2755529
Email: [email protected]
Recognized by MoEF&CC and QCI – Accredited,
Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1821/SA 0118 Dt: 28.09.2020 valid upto 24.04.2021
NABL Accredited Dt: 08.05.2017 valid up to 07.05.2019 & 19.7.19 – 18.7.2021
MoEF&CC Recognized Dt: 02.06.2016 valid up to 01.06.2021
SVELC/EIA/PDL/2021/01
UNDERTAKING
This is to certify that M/s. SV Enviro Labs & Consultants is a NABL and NABET
Accredited, ISO 9001:2015 certified company and is recognised by Ministry of Environment,
Forest and Climate Change under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Further, this Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for M/s. Pearl Distillery
Limited, Old Singarayakonda, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh is carried out for proposed
expansion of Grain based distillery production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD and the
prescribed ToR’s have been complied with and the data submitted in the Draft EIA report is
factually correct.
Thanks and Regards,
M. Murali Krishna
Managing Partner
Feb’2021
DECLARATION BY EXPERTS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EIA
“Draft Environmental Impact Assessment” for the proposed expansion of Grain based
distillery production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited.
I hereby certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the
above EIA.
EIA Co-ordinator :
Name : M. Murali Krishna
Signature :
Period of Involvement : Nov’ 2020 to Jan’2021
Functional Area Experts:
S.No Functional
Areas
Name of the Expert Category as per
NABET
Involvement (Period and
task**)
Signature and Date
1 AP * M. Murali Krishna
A Air Pollution
monitoring,
prevention &
control
2 WP * V. Hema Latha
A Water Pollution
monitoring,
prevention &
control
3 SHW * K. Anitha
A Solid waste
management
4 SE * Dr. B. Vijay
Bhaskara Rao
A Socioeconomic
studies
5 EB * Dr. M. Tarakeswara
Naidu
A Ecology and Bio-
diversity
6 HG * Dr. G.V.A
Ramakrishna
A Hydrology
7 GEO * Dr. G.V.A
Ramakrishna
A Geology
8 SC * Dr. M. Tarakeswara
Naidu
B Soil conservation
9 AQ * M. Murali Krishna A Air quality
modelling
10 NV * M. Murali Krishna A Noise and vibration
11 LU * Dr. G.V.A
Ramakrishna
A Land use studies
12 RH * Shaik Kasim
T. Sravanth (TM)
A Risk and hazard
study
Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/ authorized person
I, M. Murali Krishna, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA
for proposed expansion of Grain based distillery production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150
KLPD by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited.
Signature:
Name: M. Murali Krishna
Designation: Managing Partner
Name of the EIA consultant organization: SV Enviro Labs & Consultants
NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: NABET/EIA/1821/SA0118 Dt: 28.09.2020
APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE COMPLIANCE
ToR File. No: AP PKM IND 04 2020 1794 Dt: 06.05.2020
S.No Standard ToRs Compliance
1 Executive Summary The same is attached along with the EIA report.
2 Introduction
i Details of the EIA Consultant
including NABET accreditation
SV Enviro Labs & Consultants
Enviro House, Block –B, B-1, IDA, Autonagar,
Visakhapatnam -12
NABET Accreditation No:
NABET/EIA/1821/SA 0118 valid up to
24.04.2021 and copy shown as Fig 11.1 in
Chapter – 11.
ii Information about the project
proponent
Mr. K. Sreedhar
Designation: Unit Head
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
Old Singarayakonda
Singarayakonda Mandal
Prakasam – 523101
Andhra Pradesh, India
iii Importance and benefits of the project In Indian economy (which is agro based) where
many industries are dependent over agricultural
produce for production of luxury and need based
commodities, alcohol has assumed a very
important place. It has been a source of revenue
by way of excise duty levied by the State
Government on alcohol liquors. It has a potential
as fuel in the form of power alcohol for blending
with petrol.
Details included in Chapter-1 of the EIA report
under section 1.5
3 Project Description
i Cost of project and time of completion The initial project cost for the distillery while
applying EC to MOEF&CC Delhi vide order
Dated: 19.07.2007 was 55 crores and the CFE
Order for installation of 30 TPH boiler vide
order Dated 18.04.2018 was 15 crores. Both
these projects have been completed.
Now it is envisaged to install additional columns
(MSDH units) to make the ENA from existing
96% alcohol to 100% Ethanol. The project cost
for the proposed MSDH unit within the plant
premises is 12.6 crores.
ii Products with capacities for the
proposed project
The company has proposed to expand the
production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150
KLPD Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8%
v/v)/ENA Grain based distillery along with 35
TPD of CO2 plant within the existing premises.
Proposed Expansion capacity:
1) Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8%
v/v)/ENA (Grain based) – 60 KLPD
2) By product: CO2 – 35 TPD
3) Wet cake: 90 TPD
iii If expansion project, details of existing
products with capacities and whether
adequate land is available for
expansion, reference of earlier EC if
any
The company has proposed to expand the
production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150
KLPD Ethanol/ENA Grain based distillery
Existing capacity:
1) ENA (Grain based) – 90 KLPD
2) Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) –
153.68 TPD
3) By products: CO2 – 25 TPD and Wet cake –
150.0 TPD
Details mentioned in Chapter-2 of EIA report
under section 2.5
iv List of raw materials required and their
source along with mode of
The raw materials required for the proposed
expansion plant are broken rice and maize.
transportation Details mentioned in Chapter-2 of EIA report
under section 2.8.1
v Other chemicals and materials required
with quantities and storage capacities
Other chemicals and materials stored along with
capacities mentioned in Chapter-7 of EIA report
under section
vi Details of Emission, effluents,
hazardous waste generation and their
management
The details of emissions, effluents and hazardous
waste generation and disposal is provided in
Chapter-2 of EIA report under section 2.9
vii Requirement of water, power, with
source of supply, status of approval,
water balance diagram, man-power
requirement (regular and contract)
The details of water requirement, power, man-
power provided in Chapter-2 of EIA report under
section 2.8
viii Process description along with major
equipments and machineries, process
flow sheet (quantitative) from raw
material to products to be provided
The proposed project is expansion of production
capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD grain-
based distillery for 100% Ethanol (Anhydrous
Alcohol)/ENA.
Detailed process description along with process
flow sheet provided in Chapter-2 of EIA report
under section 2.7.1 and 2.7.2
ix Hazard identification and details of
proposed safety systems
Hazard identification and details of safety
systems detailed in Chapter-7 Additional studies.
x Expansion/modernization proposals
a Copy of all the Environmental
Clearance(s) including Amendments
thereto obtained for the project from
MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an
Annexure. A certified copy of the
latest Monitoring Report of the
Regional Office of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests as per
circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the
status of compliance of conditions
stipulated in all the existing
The industry is having valid Environmental
Clearance (EC) vide File No: J-11012/13/98-IA-
II(I) dated 19th July 2007 for 90 KLPD Distillery
unit (45 KLPD based on molasses and 45 KLPD
based on molasses/grain)
The industry obtained EC amendment to add
grain based to existing 45 KLPD molasses based
distillery and 25TPD of CO2 plant vide F.No: J-
11011/152/2015-IA II (I) Dt: 28.12.2015.
CFE vide order no:
39/APPCB/CFE/RONLR/HO/2016 Dt:
environmental clearances including
Amendments shall be provided. In
addition, status of compliance of
Consent to Operate for the ongoing or
existing operation of the project from
SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-
EMP report
20.09.2016 and CFO order vide order no:
APPCB/VJA/NLR/39/HO/2017 Dt: 18.12.2017.
Copies attached as Annexure-II
b In case the existing project has not
obtained environmental clearance,
reasons for not taking EC under the
provisions of the EIA Notification
1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006
shall be provided. Copies of Consent to
Establish/No Objection Certificate and
Consent to Operate (in case of units
operating prior to EIA Notification
2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-
2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be
submitted. Further, compliance report
to the conditions of consents from the
SPCB shall be submitted.
Not Applicable
The project has obtained Environmental
Clearance vide File No: J-11012/13/98-IA-II(I)
dated 19th July 2007 and EC Amendment vide
F.No: J-11011/152/2015-IA II (I) Dt:
28.12.2015.
4 Site Details
i Location of the project site covering
village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and
State, Justification for selecting the
site, whether other sites were
considered.
Total site area: 98.04 Acres
Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54,
55/1 & 2, 56 etc., Plot No. 791,
Old Singarayakonda Village,
Prakasam District,
Andhra Pradesh
The proposed expansion project is within the
existing premises and no alternate site was
considered.
ii A toposheet of the study area of radius
of 10km and site location on
Topo map of 10 km radius is included in Chapter
2 of EIA report under Figure 2.3
1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2
sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas
and environmentally sensitive places).
iii Details w.r.t. option analysis for
selection of site.
The proposed expansion will be within the
existing premises and plenty of availability of
raw material and manpower-trained available,
hence no alternate considered.
iv Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four
corners of the site.
1. 15°12'43.65"N, 80° 0'58.49"E
2. 15°12'52.08"N, 80° 0'42.07"E
3. 15°13'14.56"N, 80° 0'45.02"E
4. 15°13'12.13"N, 80° 1'6.75"E
v Google map-Earth downloaded of the
project site.
Mentioned in chapter 2 of EIA report under
Figure 2.2
vi Layout maps indicating existing unit as
well as proposed unit indicating
storage area, plant area, greenbelt area,
utilities etc. If located within an
Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout
of Industrial Area indicating location
of unit within the Industrial
area/Estate.
Site layout for the proposed activity is provided
in Chapter 2 of EIA report – Project Description
under Figure: 2.6
vii Photographs of the proposed and
existing (if applicable) plant site. If
existing, show photographs of
plantation/greenbelt, in particular.
Photographs of existing plant and greenbelt
developed enclosed as Annexure V.
viii Landuse break-up of total land of the
project site (identified and acquired),
government/ private - agricultural,
forest, wasteland, water bodies,
settlements, etc. shall be included. (not
required for industrial area).
Total land area = 98.04 Ac
Existing Built up area = 14.98 Ac
Green belt area = 35.0 Ac
Roads & other infrastructure = 8.5 Ac
Proposed MSDH unit = 0.89 Ac
Open space = 38.67 Ac
ix A list of major industries with name
and type within study area (10km
The major industries within 10 km radius are:
i. Sagar Grandhi Exports Pvt. Ltd.
radius) shall be incorporated. Land use
details of the study area.
ii. Sri Panduranga Agro Industries
iii. Doradla’s Processing Industry
The land use details of the study area is provided
in Chapter-3 under section 3.10
x Geological features and Geo-
hydrological status of the study area
shall be included.
It is of plain land with existing industry and the
detailed geology is discussed in Chapter-3 of
EIA report under section 3.9
xi Details of Drainage of the project upto
5km radius of study area. If the site is
within 1 km radius of any major river,
peak and lean season river discharge as
well as flood occurrence frequency
based on peak rainfall data of the past
30 years. Details of Flood Level of the
project site and maximum Flood Level
of the river shall also be provided.
(mega green field projects).
Drainage pattern map enclosed and details of
study area is incorporated at chapter-3 Fig no:
3.14.
Manneru River is adjacent to the site area in
south direction.
xii Status of acquisition of land. If
acquisition is not complete, stage of
the acquisition process and expected
time of complete possession of the
land.
Not Applicable. The proposed project is
expansion within the existing industry premises
only.
xiii R&R details in respect of land in line
with state Government policy.
Not applicable as the proposed project site is
existing own land.
5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if
applicable):
Not applicable.
There are no national parks or wildlife
sanctuaries within 10 km radius. Therefore,
NBWL is not required for the proposed project.
i Permission and approval for the use of
forest land (forestry clearance), if any,
and recommendations of the State
Forest Department. (if applicable).
Not applicable.
ii Landuse map based on High resolution Not applicable.
satellite imagery (GPS) of the
proposed site delineating the forestland
(in case of projects involving forest
land more than 40 ha)
iii Status of Application submitted for
obtaining the stage I forestry clearance
along with latest status shall be
submitted
Not applicable.
iv The projects to be located within 10
km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries,
Biosphere Reserves, Migratory
Corridors of Wild Animals, the project
proponent shall submit the map duly
authenticated by Chief Wildlife
Warden showing these features vis-à-
vis the project location and the
recommendations or comments of the
Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon
Not applicable. No wildlife sanctuaries,
biosphere reserve, Tiger/ Elephant reserves,
Protected forest, Wildlife corridors etc. existing
within 10 km radius study area.
v Wildlife Conservation Plan duly
authenticated by the Chief Wildlife
Warden of the State Government for
conservation of Schedule I fauna, if
any exists in the study area.
Not Applicable. No Schedule – I species existing
within proposed study area. Hence wild life
conservation plan is not required.
vi Copy of application submitted for
clearance under the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing
Committee of the National Board for
Wildlife.
Not applicable.
6 Environmental Status
i Determination of atmospheric
inversion level at the project site and
site-specific micro- meteorological
data using temperature, relative
Micrometeorological data is mentioned in
Chapter-3 of EIA report under section 3.4.1
humidity, hourly wind speed and
direction and rainfall
ii AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8
locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NOX, CO and other parameters
relevant to the project shall be
collected. The monitoring stations shall
be based CPCB guidelines and take
into account the pre-dominant wind
direction, population zone and
sensitive receptors including reserved
forests
Baseline was carried out from November 2020 to
January 2021 and it was included in EIA report
in Chapter-3.
AAQ monitoring done at 8 locations and their
result is tabulated at Table no: 3.5
iii Raw data of all AAQ measurement for
12 weeks of all stations as per
frequency given in the NAQQM
Notification of Nov. 2009 along with -
min., max., average and 98% values
for each of the AAQ parameters from
data of all AAQ stations should be
provided as an annexure to the EIA
Report
Summary of Analysis of AAQ in the study area
is mentioned in Chapter-3 – Description of
Environment under section 3.5.3
iv Surface water quality of nearby River
(100m upstream and downstream of
discharge point) and other surface
drains at eight locations as per
CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.
Surface water samples were collected at four
locations and reports are included in EIA report
Chapter-3 under Table 3.10
v Whether the site falls near to polluted
stretch of river identified by the
CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details.
No. The site is not located near to the polluted
stretch of river.
vi Ground water monitoring at minimum
at 8 locations shall be included.
Ground water samples at 8 locations have been
collected and report is included in Chapter-3:
Description of Environment in Table 3.10
vii Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations 8 nos. of noise level monitoring stations are
within the study area. mentioned in Chapter-3: Description of
Environment under section 3.8
viii Soil Characteristic as per CPCB
guidelines.
Five soil samples were collected and results are
mentioned in Chapter-3 – Description of
Environment under section 3.7
ix Traffic study of the area, type of
vehicles, frequency of vehicles for
transportation of materials, additional
traffic due to proposed project, parking
arrangement etc.
Traffic study is mentioned in chapter 4 under
section 4.8
x Detailed description of flora and fauna
(terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the
study area shall be given with special
reference to rare, endemic and
endangered species. If Schedule-I
fauna are found within the study area, a
Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be
prepared and furnished
Description of Biological Environment is
mentioned in chapter – 3 under section 3.11
No schedule – I species are found in the study
area, hence Wildlife Conservation plan is not
required
xi Socio-economic status of the study
area
Socio- economic status of the study area is
included in Chapter-3 under section 3.12
7 Impact and Environment
Management Plan
i Assessment of ground level
concentration of pollutants from the
stack emission based on site- specific
meteorological features. In case the
project is located on a hilly terrain, the
AQIP Modelling shall be done using
inputs of the specific terrain
characteristics for determining the
potential impacts of the project on the
AAQ. Cumulative impact of all
sources of emissions (including
Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions on
the AAQ is mentioned in chapter-4 under section
4.4
transportation) on the AAQ of the area
shall be assessed. Details of the model
used and the input data used for
modelling shall also be provided. The
air quality contours shall be plotted on
a location map showing the location of
project site, habitation nearby,
sensitive receptors, if any
ii Water Quality modelling - in case of
discharge in water body
Not Applicable as the effluents are not
discharging into the water body.
iii Impact of the transport of the raw
materials and end products on the
surrounding environment shall be
assessed and provided. In this regard,
options for transport of raw materials
and finished products and wastes (large
quantities) by rail or rail-cum road
transport or conveyor- cum-rail
transport shall be examined.
Impact due to the transportation of raw materials
and products is only generation of fugitive
emissions.
The transport of raw material or end product is
only through road transport.
iv A note on treatment of wastewater
from different plant operations, extent
recycled and reused for different
purposes shall be included. Complete
scheme of effluent treatment.
Characteristics of untreated and treated
effluent to meet the prescribed
standards of discharge under E(P)
Rules
The effluent generated from the ENA/ Grain
Alcohol production process will be segregated as
process effluent (spent wash and spent lees) and
effluent from utilities like Boiler, Cooling
Tower, vacuum pump, washings. The company
adopted Zero Liquid Discharge scheme. The
condensates from evaporation will be recycled
and reused in Process & Make up water streams.
The detailed treatment system is mentioned in
chapter-2 of EIA report under section 2.9.1
v Details of stack emission and action
plan for control of emissions to meet
standards
The existing 30 TPH boiler is equipped with
Electrostatic Precipitator and standby 16 TPH
boiler is provided with Bag filter as air pollution
control equipment.
The DG sets are provided with adequate stack
height.
vi Measures for fugitive emission control Measures to control fugitive emissions are given
in
section 4.4 of chapter 4.
vii Details of hazardous waste generation
and their storage, utilization and
management. Copies of MOU
regarding utilization of solid and
hazardous waste in cement plant shall
also be included. EMP shall include
the concept of waste-minimization,
recycle/reuse/recover techniques,
Energy conservation, and natural
resource conservation.
Hazardous Waste and its disposal are mentioned
in Chapter-2: Project Description under section
2.9.4
viii Proper utilization of fly ash shall be
ensured as per Fly Ash Notification,
2009. A detailed plan of action shall be
provided.
Mixed boiler ash being disposed to brick
manufacturing units.
ix Action plan for the green belt
development plan in 33 % area i.e.
land with not less than 1,500 trees per
ha. Giving details of species, width of
plantation, planning schedule etc. shall
be included. The green belt shall be
around the project boundary and a
scheme for greening of the roads used
for the project shall also be
incorporated.
The project is expansion of production capacity
within existing premises only. More than 33% of
green belt is provided. Total area of land – 98.04
Acres out of which 35.0 acres of land is provided
with greenbelt.
x Action plan for rainwater harvesting
measures at plant site shall be
submitted to harvest rainwater from the
roof tops and storm water drains to
Rainwater storage pond is existing within the
plant premises. The run-off water from the roof
structure and paved areas being collected
through storm water drainage system and led to
recharge the ground water and also to
use for the various activities at the
project site to conserve fresh water and
reduce the water requirement from
other sources.
rainwater harvesting structure.
xi Total capital cost and recurring
cost/annum for environmental
pollution control measures shall be
included.
Initial Project Cost: 70 Crores (already
completed)
Proposed expansion Project Cost: 12.6 Crores
Capital Cost: 27.2 Lakhs
Recurring Cost: 33.0 Lakhs/annum
xii Action plan for post-project
environmental monitoring shall be
submitted.
The action plan for post-project environmental
monitoring included in Chapter-6 Environmental
monitoring programme.
xiii Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural
and Man-made) Preparedness and
Emergency Management Plan
including Risk Assessment and
damage control. Disaster management
plan should be linked with District
Disaster Management Plan
Onsite and Off-site Disaster preparedness and
emergency management plan is mentioned in
Chapter -7 Additional Studies.
8 Occupational Health
I Plan and fund allocation to ensure the
occupational health & safety of all
contract and casual workers
Funds allocated for occupational health, safety is
Rs. 3.0 Lakhs on Recurring cost.
ii Details of exposure specific health
status evaluation of worker. If the
workers' health is being evaluated by
pre designed format, chest x rays,
Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision
testing (Far & Near vision, colour
vision and any other ocular defect)
ECG, during pre placement and
periodical examinations give the
Details regarding Occupational Safety Hazards
including preplacement and periodical
examinations etc. have been incorporated in this
EIA/EMP Report
details of the same. Details regarding
last month analyzed data of above
mentioned parameters as per age, sex,
duration of exposure and department
wise
iii Details of existing Occupational &
Safety Hazards. What are the exposure
levels of hazards and whether they are
within Permissible Exposure level
(PEL). If these are not within PEL,
what measures the company has
adopted to keep them within PEL so
that health of the workers can be
preserved.
The details of existing Occupational & Safety
Hazards provided in Chapter-9 under section
9.5.8
iv Annual report of heath status of
workers with special reference to
Occupational Health and Safety
The annual report of health status of workers
provided as Annexure-VI
9 Corporate Environment Policy
i Does the company have a well laid
down Environment Policy approved by
its Board of Directors? If so, it may be
detailed in the EIA report.
The existing plant has a well laid down
Environmental policy and EHS and OHS team.
ii Does the Environment Policy prescribe
for standard operating process /
procedures to bring into focus any
infringement / deviation / violation of
the environmental or forest norms /
conditions? If so, it may be detailed in
the EIA.
iii What is the hierarchical system or
Administrative order of the company
to deal with the environmental issues
and for ensuring compliance with the
environmental clearance conditions?
Details of this system may be given.
Yes, company had well laid Environmental
Management Cell (EHS & OHS Team) for
reporting non-compliances or violation of
environmental norms to the Board.
iv Does the company have system of
reporting of non compliances /
violations of environmental norms to
the Board of Directors of the company
and / or shareholders or stakeholders at
large? This reporting mechanism shall
be detailed in the EIA report.
10 Details regarding infrastructure
facilities such as sanitation, fuel,
restroom etc. to be provided to the
labour force during construction as
well as to the casual workers including
truck drivers during operation phase.
The proposed project is expansion of production
capacity. Sanitation, restroom provided for
casual and truck drivers
11 Enterprise Social Commitment
(ESC)
i Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the
project cost) shall be earmarked
towards the Enterprise Social
Commitment based on Public Hearing
issues and item-wise details along with
time bound action plan shall be
included. Socio-economic
development activities need to be
elaborated upon.
Funds earmarked for CSR activity.
Need assessment carried and identified the
potential areas.
CSR budget is mentioned in Chapter-9 under
section 9.9
12 Any litigation pending against the
project and/or any direction/order
passed by any Court of Law against the
project, if so, details thereof shall also
be included. Has the unit received any
notice under the Section 5 of
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or
Nil
relevant Sections of Air and Water
Acts? If so, details thereof and
compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and
present status of the case.
13 A tabular chart with index for point
wise compliance of above TOR.
Noted
SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE
1 List of existing distillery units in the
study area along with their capacity
and sourcing of raw material.
There are no existing distillery units in the study
area.
2 Number of working days of the
distillery unit
The distillery will operate for 300 days/annum
3 Details of raw materials such as
molasses/grains, their source with
availability
Proposed raw material details:
Broken Rice : 219 MT
Maize: 146 MT
Source : Broken Rice: AP, TS & Bihar; Maize:
AP, TS, Bihar & WB
4 Details of the use of steam from the
boiler
The steam requirement in the distillery is
provided in Chapter-2 of EIA report under
section 2.8.3
5 Surface and Ground water quality
around proposed spent wash storage
lagoon, and compost yard.
No compost yard
No storage lagoons
6 Plan to reduce spent wash generation
within 6-8 KL/KL of alcohol produced
Not Applicable as in grain based distillery all the
spent wash will be converted to DWGS.
7 Proposed effluent treatment system for
molasses/grain based distillery (spent
wash, spent lees, condensate and
utilities) as well as domestic sewage
and scheme for achieving zero effluent
discharge (ZLD).
The company adopted Zero Liquid Discharge
scheme. The condensates from evaporation will
be recycled and reused in Process & Make up
water streams.
The detailed treatment system is mentioned in
chapter-2 of EIA report under section 2.9.1
8 Proposed action to restrict fresh water
consumption within 10 KL/KL of
Detailed in chapter -2 Project description
alcohol production.
9 Details about capacity of spent wash
holding tank, material used, design
consideration. No. of peizometers to be
proposed around spent wash holding
tank.
Not applicable to a grain based distillery
10 Action plan to control ground water
pollution.
There will be no ground water pollution due to
proposed project, as the plant will operate on
Zero Liquid Discharge technology.
11 Details of solid waste management
including management of boiler ash,
yeast, etc. Details of incinerated spent
wash ash generation and its disposal.
Solid waste generated are CPU sludge and ash
from the boiler. The mixed boiler ash is being
sold to brick manufacturing units. The only
hazardous waste generated in project will be the
scrap oil from DG set, automobiles, gears etc.
This is stored in leak proof drums in storage yard
and disposed to APPCB authorized agencies.
Details provided in Chapter-2 of EIA report
under section 2.9.4
12 Details of bio-composting yard (if
applicable).
Not applicable as it is a grain based distillery
13 Action plan to control odour pollution. The action plan to control odour pollution is
covered in Chapter-9 of EIA report under section
9.5.6
14 Arrangements for installation of
continuous online monitoring system
(24x7 monitoring device).
As it is zero discharge will provide on line
camera system only
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Feb’ 2021
M/s. PEARL DISTILLERY LIMITED (EXPANSION OF GRAIN BASED DISTILLERY PRODUCTION
CAPACITY FROM 90 KLPD TO 150 KLPD)
Sy. Nos. 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54, 55/1 & 2, 56, etc., Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda village, Singarayakonda
Mandal, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh
PREPARED BY
SV ENVIRO LABS & CONSULTANTS Visakhapatnam
Phone: 0891-2755528, Fax: 0891-2755529
Email: [email protected]
Recognized by MoEF&CC and QCI – Accredited,
Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1821/SA 0118 Dt: 28.09.2020 valid upto 24.04.2021
NABL Accredited Dt: 08.05.2017 valid up to 07.05.2019 & 19.7.19 – 18.7.2021
MoEF&CC Recognized Dt: 02.06.2016 valid up to 01.06.2021
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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INTRODUCTION
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited is located at Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54, 55/1
& 2, 56 etc., Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda Village, Singarayakonda Mandal in Prakasam
district of Andhra Pradesh. The industry is having valid Environmental Clearance (EC) vide
File No: J-11012/13/98-IA-II(I) dated 19th July 2007 for 90 KLPD Distillery unit (45 KLPD
based on molasses and 45 KLPD based on molasses/grain). The industry obtained EC
amendment to add grain based to existing 45 KLPD molasses based distillery and 25TPD of
CO2 plant vide F.No: J-11011/152/2015-IA II (I) Dt: 28.12.2015. For the same obtained CFE
vide order no: 39/APPCB/CFE/RONLR/HO/2016 Dt: 20.09.2016 and CFO order vide order
no: APPCB/VJA/NLR/39/HO/2017 Dt: 18.12.2017. Now, the management proposed for
capacity expansion from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol@ 99.8%
v/v)/ENA/ Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain based i.e. expansion quantity of 60 KLPD and
35 TPD of CO2 plant within the existing premises.
SV Enviro Labs & Consultants a NABET-QCI Accredited firm has been entrusted to conduct
an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed capacity expansion from 90
KLPD to 150 KLPD Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol@ 99.8% v/v)/ENA within the existing
premises. As per the EIA Notification of MoEF dated 14th September 2006 and S.O. 1960 (E)
of MoEF&CC dated 13th June 2019, the project requires prior Environmental Clearance from
SEIAA/SEAC based on EIA study under 5(g), Category B Non-molasses based distilleries ≤
200 KLD of production capacity. The Terms of Reference (ToR) was approved by SEIAA,
Andhra Pradesh vide No. AP PKM IND 04 2020 1794 dated: 06.05.2020.
LOCATION & ACCESSIBILITY
The project site is located at Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54, 55/1 & 2, 56 etc.,
Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda Village, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh.
Latitude: 15°12’57.80”N
Longitude: 80°0’58.0”E
The nearest highway NH-16 is adjacent to the plant towards east and the nearest railway
station is Singarayakonda Railway station is 4.02 km from the plant. The nearest airport is
Vijayawada Airport at 167.18 km from the plant. The topomap around 10 km radius is shown
in Fig 1 below.
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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Fig. 1: Topo map around 10 km radius
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
The company proposed to expand the production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD
Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol@ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain based
distillery along with 35 TPD of CO2 plant within the existing premises. The existing Plant &
Machinery is sufficient to handle grain based to manufacture all or any of the three finished
products RS/ENA/Ethanol. However, to produce Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v from
Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for blending with Motor Spirit, it is proposed to set up Molecular
Sieve Dehydration (MSDH) plant within the existing premises.
Present capacity:
1) ENA (Grain based) – 90 KLPD
2) Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) – 153.68 TPD
3) By products: CO2 – 25 TPD and Wet cake – 150.0 TPD
Proposed Expansion capacity:
1) Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol@ 99.8% v/v)/ENA (Grain based) – 60 KLPD
2) By product: CO2 – 35 TPD
3) Wet cake: 90 TPD
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DISTILLERY (GRAIN-BASED)
Stage I: Preparation of feed for fermentation
Grain handling and milling
Grains are stored in the Silos & from there they are conveyed through Screw Conveyor to
Bucket Elevator. Bucket Elevator lifts the grains to the required height (approximately 15 m)
and then passes the grains on to the Vibrating Screen, Destoner and Magnetic Separator to
remove dust and stones. The cleaned grains are then again conveyed by bucket elevator to an
intermediate hopper, which is provided with rotary air lock system for controlled flow in
Hammer Mill. In Hammer Mill the particle size is reduced to as required by the process.
From hammer mill the flour is pneumatically conveyed to Flour Bin (Intermediate storage for
flour). From the flour bin, the flour is carried to Pre masher unit. In Pre masher flour is mixed
with addition of required quantity of water under agitation.
Slurry preparation/partial liquefaction
Slurry from pre-masher is taken to Slurry preparation tank where slurry is further diluted by
addition of fresh water and recycled streams. Slurry is taken to initial liquefaction tank where
liquefying enzyme is added. This slurry is then “cooked” in the jet cooker. The slurry is
continuously pumped to a steam jet cooker where high-pressure steam rapidly raises the
slurry temperature. The mixture of slurry and steam is then passed through a retention vessel
having sufficient capacity to provide the desired retention time at a given flow rate. The
cooked mash is discharged to a flash tank. The cooking process, accomplished in the above
manner, converts the slurry into a hydrated, sterilized suspension (as starch molecule is
solubilized) and is therefore susceptible to enzyme attack for liquefaction.
Final liquefaction
The gelatinized mash from the flash tank is further liquefied in a final liquefaction tank where
liquefying enzyme is added. Then the liquefied mash is cooled in slurry cooler and
transferred to fermentation section.
Saccharification and instantaneous fermentation
The hydrolyzed starch from the liquefaction step is further treated with enzymes to convert
the material into glucose. This is carried out in the fermenter itself. The fermentation is
instantaneous after formation of glucose.
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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Stage II: Fermentation
The process followed after liquefaction is same as that is followed in the Molasses route.
Culture yeast is grown in laboratory during plant start-up. Yeast propagation section
comprises of diluter and hygienically engineered yeast vessels equipped with heating, cooling
and air purging facility. Typical fermentation process converts about 90% of the fermentable
sugars to ethanol. Yeasts consume about 5% of the fermentable sugars to produce new cells
and minor products such as glycerol’s, acetic acid, lactic acid, and fusel oils. In this process,
saccharification & fermentation will takes place simultaneously by adding glycol-amylase
enzyme and active yeast.
Yeast will be available in sufficient quantity to initiate fermentation rapidly and complete it
within the cycle time of 54 to 60 hours. Fermentation plant will consist of fermenters tanks
connected in series with all the accessories like Plate Heat Exchangers (PHEs) for cooling,
spargers, broth mixers and air blowers etc. To prepare the mash for fermentation, it will be
diluted with water. The fermenter temperature will be maintained at around 30°C-32°C by
forced recirculation flow through plate heat exchangers. The carbon dioxide evolved during
the process will be scrubbed to prevent ethanol emissions by process water, which will be
taken to beer well.
Stage III: Distillation
Multi-pressure (MPR) distillation schemes with the above systems applied along with various
heat integration methods is used for the optimal economic operation of the plant. Pre-heated
fermented wash will be fed to Degasser column. Fermented wash is stripped off alcohol by
ascending vapors in Analyzer column. Analyzer Condensate is concentrated in Pre-Rectifier
column, which operates under pressure. A Technical Alcohol cut of about 1-2% of total spirit
is taken from the Pre-Rectifier column. Concentrated alcohol drawn from Pre-Rectifier
column is fed to ED column for purification. Dilution water in the ratio of 1:10 is added in
this column for concentrating higher alcohol at the top. Top of this column is condensed in its
condensers and fed to recovery feed tank while bottoms are fed to Rectifier cum Exhaust
Column for concentration. Technical Alcohol cut is taken out from the top of this column
while ENA draw is taken out from appropriate upper trays and fed to Simmering Column
after cooling. Fusel Oil build up is avoided by taking fusel oil draws from appropriate trays.
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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These fusel oils along with the condensate of Degasifying & Extractive Distillation
columns are fed to recovery column for concentration. A technical alcohol cut is taken out
from the top of this column. Simmering Column is operated under high reflux for better
separation of methanol and di-acetyls. Final ENA product draw is taken from the bottom of
this column. Depending upon the market requirements either ENA is produced or RS which
is subsequently converted to Ethanol.
Decantation & Thin Slops Recycle Section
Decantation section comprises of a Centrifuge Decanter for separation of suspended
solids from Spent Wash coming out of Grain Distillation Plant. Wet cake has upto 30-35 %
w/w solids as removed from bottom of Decanter which is sold directly in wet form as cattle
feed (DWGS).
The process flow diagram is provided below in Fig 2. The distillery layout plan is provided in
Fig 3.
Fig 2 Process Flow diagram
LIQUIFICATION
YEAST WATER
FERMENTATION PROCESS
DISTILLATION PROCESS
BOILER
ASH
Brick manufacturing
units
DECANTATION
WET CAKE DWGS
STEAM
ZLD System
STEAM ENA
96% MSDH Columns
100 % ENA
GRAINS (Raw Material for Alcohol
Production)
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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Fig 3 Layout Plan of Distillery
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH)
Rectified Spirit containing at least 95% v/v alcohol is pumped from RS collection tank to
dehydration section. Rectified spirit is preheated in Feed pre-heater with the help of product
vapors and then fed to top tray of Evaporator Column. The objective of the Evaporator
Column is to evaporate rectified spirit. Overhead feed alcohol vapors from the Evaporator
Column are then passed through Superheater where alcohol vapors are superheated. Energy
for superheating is supplied by steam condensation on shell side of the Super heater.
Superheated hydrous alcohol vapors are sent to twin Adsorbent Beds.
The product alcohol vapors are then passed through Regeneration Preheater and Feed
Preheater for heat recovery. The Product alcohol vapors are then passed through Product
Condenser where product vapors are condensed with the help of cooling water. Condensed
product alcohol is collected in product receiver. The Product alcohol from Product Receiver
is pumped to Product Cooler where it is cooled with the help of cooling water and then sent
for storage.
PROJECT UTILITIES AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Raw Material
The distillery will use grains as basic raw material. Besides this, processing chemicals would
be used for the production of Ethanol. The other raw materials will be sourced from local
market. The details of basic raw materials required for the expansion project is given in the
below Table 1
Table 1: Details of Raw material requirement
S.No Description Existing Quantity Proposed Quantity
(After Expansion)
1 Broken Rice 131 MT 219 MT
2 Maize 88 MT 146 MT
Source Broken Rice: AP, TS & Bihar
Maize: AP, TS, Bihar & WB
Fuel Requirement
Coal/Biomass is being used as fuel for the 30 TPH boiler. The fuel requirements after
expansion for 150 KLPD production is as follows
Biomass – 131 MT
Imported Coal – 45 MT
(Source: Krishnapatnam Port)
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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Steam Requirement
At present steam requirement for the distillery is being met from 30 TPH boiler with
coal/biomass as fuel and 16 TPH boiler as standby.
Land Requirement
Total land available with the management is 98.04 Acres. The proposed expansion of
production capacity of ENA/Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol@ 99.8% v/v) from 90 KLPD to
150 KLPD is within the existing premises and the proposed MSDH unit is planned to be
established in an area of 0.89 Acres.
Manpower Requirement
The plant will be continuous and automatic in operation, with necessary control
instrumentation. The steam required will be supplied for self-generation. At present 254
people are working in the industry and 50 nos. employment for proposed expansion project.
Water Requirement
The existing plant is utilizing 1395 KLD of fresh water through bore wells from sanampudi
village via tankers. Average fresh water requirement after the proposed expansion will be
1746 KLD. Recently, the industry has established desalination plant of 4 MLD capacity and
source of water will be from own desalination plant.
Power Requirement
Power requirement met from APSPDCL and existing in house power generation from 4.22
MW Turbine. Alternate energy from DG sets of capacity of 1x325 kVA, 1x750 kVA and
1x1010 kVA during emergency.
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
The study of the baseline environmental status helps in assessing the existing environmental
conditions and identifying the critical environmental attributes. The study of the physical,
biological and socio-economic environment within a radius of 10 km (study area) from the
plant comprises of the baseline environment. Primary and secondary data were collected for
the EIA study.
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Physical Environment
Climate and Meteorology
The climate of the region is governed by its location in the tropics and by the monsoon. The
climate of the southeastern coast of the Bay of Bengal is characterized by the annually
recurring seasonal monsoons. Wind speed is high and found mostly between 0.14 – 13.13
m/sec during the study period. The predominant wind direction is from NE during the study
period.
Air Quality
The ambient air quality representing PM10, PM2.5 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides
(NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) was monitored at eight different locations for 24 hours twice
a week from November’20 to January’21. Volatile Organic Carbons (VOCs), Methane (CH4),
non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), Ozone, Ammonia, Lead (Pb), Benzene (C6H6),
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni) were monitored for the same period. All the
parameters were found to be below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS),
2009. The average 24 hourly PM10 at monitoring locations ranged between 32.3-78.0 µg/m3
(NAAQS-100 µg/m3). The average 24 hourly PM2.5 at monitoring locations ranged between
12.0-34.7 µg/m3 (NAAQS-60 µg/m3). The average 24 hourly SO2 at monitoring locations
ranged between 3.4-12.7 µg/m3 (NAAQS-80 µg/m3). The average 24 hourly NOx at
monitoring locations ranged between 6.4-16.3 µg/m3 (NAAQS-80 µg/m3). Lead (Pb),
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), HC (methane and non
methane Hydro Carbon), Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) are remained below detection limit
(BDL) in the study area.
Noise Quality
The noise quality was monitored for 24 hours at eight locations within the study area. The
ambient noise quality at day and night was in compliance to the Noise Limits set for the
residential area as per Noise Pollution (Control and Regulations), 2000. The daytime noise
level was found in the range between 51.3-69.4 dBA whereas the night time noise level was
found in the range between 43.6-61.5 dBA
Geology
The area in Prakasam district is underlain by diverse type of rock types belonging to Achaean
to recent age. The coastal plains, older coastal plains and flood plains with recent alluvium,
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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flood plain deposits and marine sediments forming the land forms in the north, north east,
mid-central and south eastern parts of the district.
Hydrogeology
The hydrogeological studies to understand the local geology, geomorphic features, drainage
network, aquifer characteristics and yield of water. The crystalline aquifer, granite-gneiss,
system occupy major parts of the district. The crystalline aquifer system lacks primary
porosity and the occurrence, movement of ground water in these rock types depend on the
thickness of weathered zone available and degree of fracturing/jointing.
Groundwater Quality
Groundwater was collected and analyzed as per IS: 10500:2012 from eight locations in the
study area. All the parameters analyzed was under the acceptable and permissible limit of IS:
10500:2012. Heavy metals were found to be below detection limit.
Surface Water Quality
Surface water was sampled from four representative locations. The water samples were
analyzed and compared as per IS 2296. The pH of the surface water samples varied from 7.1-
7.3. The DO levels at all the locations exhibited values ranging from 5.6-6.3 mg/l. Chloride
and nitrate content of all collected surface water sample ranges from 48.4-55.1 mg/l and 1.2-
1.5 mg/l respectively. The total coliform count of the surface water samples varied between
640 MPN/100ml to 710 MPN/100ml.
Land Use
The land use of the study area shows that Majority of the study area is occupied by scrub land
10660.47 Ha i.e., approx. 31.09%. Fallow land is 30.23%. Water body is 4296.95 Ha. i.e.
12.53%. Agricultural land is 3927.08 Ha. i.e. 11.45%. Built-up Area (Habitation) occupied
2236.91 Ha (6.52%). Sandy area and Dense Vegetation occupied by 5.83% and 2.34%
respectively.
Soil Quality
The structural and denudational plateaus on proterozoic rocks with pediment and pediplains
occur in the North, South and Central parts of the district. Structured hills, denudational hills
and valleys on sedimentary rocks and colluvial terraces are seen in the North West, Central
and South Western parts of the district. The Dharwar schist, Charnockites and peninsular
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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gneisses occur as linear ridges, residual and structural hills and as shallow to moderately
weathered pediplain deposits.
Natural Hazards
The study area lies in Zone III of the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) 2000, which might
encounter earthquakes of moderate intensity. All structures in the plant are designed with
appropriate/internationally accepted safety margins. The structural mitigation in earthquake
prone areas includes seismic retrofits of property and the securing of items inside a building
to enhance household seismic safety.
Biological Environment
Baseline Survey and Secondary data received from Forest Department’s Website and other
published and unpublished document regarding ecological habitat and sensitive flora and
fauna in the study area revealed that most of the buffer zone covered with sparse vegetation
like bushes wild Calotropis gigantea, Lantana camara and some Poaceae species and
common trees namely Azadirachta indica, Pongam tree Ponggamia pinnata, Acacia species,
Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Prosopis juliflora etc. There are no National
Parks or Wildlife Sanctuaries or Biosphere reserves or important bird areas (IBAs) or
Protected Wetlands within 10 km radius of the project site.
Socioeconomic Environment
The socio-economic baseline has been prepared on the basis of available secondary sources
of information was generated through site observation, Individual Questionnaire Survey
(IQS) and Focused Group Discussions (FGD) with the people living in the villages identified
to be within the study area. In addition to this, Field survey was conducted in the villages
from 45 participants. It has also been undertaken to assess their and awareness and
perceptions about the proposed expansion project. Random interactions were also made with
the local communities, PHC centre, stake holders, and anganwadi workers.
The study area is located in 5 mandals of Singarayakonda, Ulavapadu, Kandukur,
Zarugumilli, 72 villages with 68866 households. The total population in the study area is 2,
66,709 with male 133273 and female 1,33,436. Children (0-6 Years age) in the area are
27,237. The total literates and illiterates are 148037 and 118670.
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The potential impacts of the project on different components of the environment was
systematically identified and evaluated for significance. The principal concerns that emerged
are:
Impact on Air Quality
The potential sources of air emissions from the plant is as follows:
Utility emissions from Boiler and DG sets
Fugitive emissions from handling and operation
The existing 30 TPH biomass/coal boiler provided with Electrostatic Precipitator will be used
for the expansion project and 16 TPH (standby) boiler is provided with Bag Filter. The DG
sets are provided with adequate stack height as per the norms and are being used during
power failure only.
Mitigation measures
DG set with appropriate stack height provided;
Periodic sprinkling of water on roads to be done to prevent dust carry off during
vehicle movements;
All the vehicles should be PUC certified;
Proper handling and storage of chemicals, product, fuel and raw material to minimize
the chances of any dust or fugitive emissions.
Impact on Noise Quality
The general noise levels due to construction activities such as working of construction
machineries, transportation vehicles may go sometime up to 85-90 dB (A) at the work sites.
Generation of noise during movement of vehicles carrying materials and loading & unloading
activities. The existing boiler and DG sets will be utilized for the proposed expansion project.
Source of noise will be operation of DG sets during power failure for which acoustic
enclosure is provided.
Mitigation measures
Adequate greenbelt developed in and around the project area as an efficient barrier for
prevention of noise propagation outside the project premises.
Acoustic enclosures provided for the existing DG sets
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Impact on Land Environment
The proposed expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD grain-based
distillery is within the existing premises. The total land available for the distillery is 98.04
Acres and is under the possession of the management. However, to produce Anhydrous
Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v from Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for blending with Motor Spirit, it is
proposed to set up Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH) plant within the existing premises.
The MSDH plant includes installation of evaporator columns, allied facilities and final
product storage tanks.
Mitigation measures
To provide designated storage area with necessary impervious lining and other
structural measures required for prevention of contamination of land due to
mixing of construction materials
Boiler ash sold to brick manufacturing units.
A record with respect to quantity, quality and treatment / management of solid /
hazardous waste shall be maintained
Impact on Water Environment
The total water requirement for the distillery after expansion will be 1746 KLD. The source
of water is from through bore wells from sanampudi village. Recently, the industry has
established its own desalination plant of 4 MLD capacity which is about 7.5 km from the
distillery and the water requirement will be met from the desalination plant. The effluent
generated from the ENA/Grain Alcohol production process is segregated as process effluent
(spent wash and spent lees) and effluent from utilities like Boiler, Cooling Tower, vacuum
pump, washings. The company adopted Zero Liquid Discharge scheme. The domestic
wastewater is treated in the sewage treatment plant of capacity 50 KLD and the treated water
is being used for gardening purpose.
Mitigation measures
The industry adopted ZLD to treat the various streams of effluents from the process
and washings
Domestic wastewater is treated in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and reused for
landscaping
Rainwater storage pond existing within the site premises to utilize the run-off water
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Impact on Biological Environment
As noticed during study and topo-sheet map, the project site is far away from the ecologically
potential area. Hence, issue of impacts on ecology during construction of the expansion
project is not envisaged. As the closed tankers and covered trucks will be used for the
transportation of raw material and finished product, there will not be any fugitive emission.
The treated non-process effluent will be utilized for dust suppression, ash conditioning and
for on land irrigation after ensuring compliance with CPCB / SPCB norms.
Impact on Traffic and Transportation
The project site is adjacent to the NH-16 and at present approx... 27 nos. of vehicles are
plying to and from the distillery for transportation of raw materials, fuel and products. The
present road condition is good and the alcohol is being transported in tankers hence there will
not be any fugitive dust during transportation.
Impact on Socio economic Environment
Impacts on social environment during operation phase may occur mainly because of the
pollution potentials of the project, hazardous material handling & storage, hazards associated
with hazardous chemical & operations of the project, noise generation, and traffic load on
local approach road. Noise generation from the utilities and other machineries will be
manageable efficiently by provision of noise reduction techniques & technologies.
CSR activities will be prioritized on local needs, which focus on Health, Education, Social
Mobilization, Infrastructure Development, and Water Harvesting Schemes and to support
Agriculture activities. The production of alcohol will generate large amount of revenue by
way of excise duties levied on the local government.
Quantitative Risk Assessment
The quantitative risk assessment was conducted to provide a systematic analysis of the major
risks associated with the handling and operation of distillery plant. Product spills and process
leaks constitute the major potential hazards of distillery unit.
Risk mitigation measures
Proper safety equipment should be used & back up of firefighting/rescuing team to be
provided.
Other protective gadgets like gloves, DCP, CO2 Extinguishers should be made
available.
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
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Electrical fittings of good quality and complying with national or international
standards to be used
Adequate training on the storage and handling of the chemicals to the operators and
workers.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING PLAN
A full-fledged EHS and OHS team is existing in the plant with multidisciplinary team of
professionals, technical staffs and all necessary infrastructures; and Director Operations head
the team. This team is also responsible for all environment management activities including
environmental monitoring, greenbelt development, ensuring good housekeeping, ensuring
statutory compliance as well as creating environmentally aware work forces in the plant
including the proposed expansion project. Compliance to statutory provisions, norms of State
Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC)
the conditions of the environmental clearance as well as the consents to establish and
consents to operate.
A comprehensive environmental monitoring plan has been developed for the project.
Monitoring of ambient air quality, noise levels, soil and groundwater quality to be carried out
by MoEF&CC/NABL/SPCB recognized laboratories during the operation phase.
Proposed CSR Strategy
The management will fulfill Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) requirement as per the
guidelines.
PROJECT COST
The project cost for the proposed MSDH unit within the plant premises and production of
Ethanol/ENA of capacity 150 KLPD is 12.6 crores.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
India, the fourth largest economy in the world, has been maintaining a GDP growth
rate of around 7 %. Analysts have projected that India has the potential to increase the
present rate of growth with labour and capital productivity improvements. Industrial
development plays an essential supportive role in improving labour and capital
productivity. Investment in industrial sector is also an indicator of economic growth
in all market economies.
The Rectified Spirit / Alcohol is the basic raw material for the utilization in liquor
industry, chemical industries and for blending in gasoline as fuel. Keeping in view of
the demand and supply gap of ethanol for industrial use and for gasoline blending,
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited is now proposing to expand its existing grain-based
distillery capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD along with CO2 generation of 35 TPD
within existing plant premises at Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54,
55/1 & 2, 56 etc., Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda Village, Prakasam District,
Andhra Pradesh.
Keeping in line with the requirements of Ministry of Environment , Forest & Climate
change (MoEF&CC), Government of India notification dated 14th September, 2006,
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited has retained M/s. SV Enviro Labs & Consultants,
Visakhapatnam (NABET Accredited Consultant) for the environmental clearance of
their proposed capacity expansion of the grain based distillery including conduction
of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study as per the Terms of Reference
approved by the SEIAA, Andhra Pradesh.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the important tools to understand
and then to take corrective measures to undo undesirable impacts on the environment.
As per the EIA Notification of MoEF dated 14th September 2006 and S.O. 1960 (E) of
MoEF&CC dated 13th June 2019, the project requires prior Environmental Clearance
from SEIAA/SEAC based on EIA study under 5(g), Category B Non-molasses based
distilleries ≤ 200 KLD of production capacity.
Therefore, the project attracts the provisions of Environmental Clearance from State
Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The Terms of Reference
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(ToR) was approved by SEIAA, Andhra Pradesh vide No. AP PKM IND 04 2020
1794 dated: 06.05.2020 and the report has been prepared as per the approved Terms
of Reference by SEIAA Andhra Pradesh attached as Annexure-I.
1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited is located at Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2,
54, 55/1 & 2, 56 etc., Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda Village, Singarayakonda
Mandal in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. The industry is having valid
Environmental Clearance (EC) vide File No: J-11012/13/98-IA-II(I) dated 19th July
2007 for 90 KLPD Distillery unit (45 KLPD based on molasses and 45 KLPD based
on molasses/grain).
The industry obtained EC amendment to add grain based to existing 45 KLPD
molasses based distillery and 25 TPD of CO2 plant vide F.No: J-11011/152/2015-IA
II (I) Dt: 28.12.2015. For the same obtained CFE vide order no:
39/APPCB/CFE/RONLR/HO/2016 Dt: 20.09.2016 and CFO order vide order no:
APPCB/VJA/NLR/39/HO/2017 Dt: 18.12.2017.
Now, the management proposed for capacity expansion from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD
Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain
based i.e. expansion quantity of 60 KLPD and 35 TPD of CO2 plant within the
existing premises.
Name and contact details for the proposed expansion of production capacity from 90
KLPD to 150 KLPD grain-based distillery:
Designation : Unit Head
Name : Shri. K. Sreedhar
Contact Number : 9148969312
Email : [email protected]
Correspondence Address : M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
Old Singarayakonda
Singarayakonda Mandal
Prakasam – 523101
Andhra Pradesh, India
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1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT
1.4.1 Nature of the Project
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited has existing grain-based distillery of capacity 90 KLPD.
Now, the management proposed for capacity expansion from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD
Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain
based distillery along with 35 TPD of CO2 plant within the existing premises.
1.4.2 Size of the Project
The company proposed to expand the production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150
KLPD Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor
Grain based distillery along with 35 TPD of CO2 plant within the existing premises.
The existing Plant & Machinery is sufficient to handle grain based to manufacture all
or any of the three finished products RS/ENA/Ethanol. However, to produce
Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v from Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for blending with
Motor Spirit, it is proposed to set up Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH) plant
within the existing premises. The production capacity of Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol
@ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain based distillery would be 150
KLPD at any point of time.
Present capacity:
1) ENA (Grain based) – 90 KLPD
2) Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) – 153.68 TPD
3) By products: CO2 – 25 TPD and Wet cake – 150.0 TPD
Proposed Expansion capacity:
1) Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v)/ENA (Grain based) – 60 KLPD
2) By product: CO2 – 35 TPD
3) Wet cake: 90 TPD
1.4.3 Location of the Project
The project site is situated in Latitude - 15°12’57.80”N and Longitude - 80°0’58.0”E
at Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54, 55/1 & 2, 56 etc., Plot No. 791, Old
Singarayakonda Village, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh. The Environmental
Settings of project site provided in Table 1.1
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Table 1.1 Details Environmental Settings of project site
Name of the Project Expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to
150 KLPD Ethanol (AA@ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian
Made Foreign Liquor Grain based distillery
Site Location M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited, Old Singarayakonda
Latitude 15°12’57.80”N
Longitude 80°0’58.0”E
Nearest Highway NH-16 adjacent in east direction
Nearest Habitation Singarayakonda at 1.5 km from the project site
Nearest Airport Vijayawada Airport at 167.18 km from the project site
Nearest Railway station Singarayakonda Railway Station at 4.02 km from the
project site
Nearest Water Bodies Manneru River adjacent to project site
Bay of Bengal at 7.52 km from project site
Nearest Reserve Forests None within 10 km radius from the project site
Nearest National Park/Wild
life sanctuary
None within 10 km radius from the project site
Critically polluted areas as
per MoEF notification
None within 10 km radius from the project site
Ecologically Sensitive areas None within 10 km radius from the project site
Defence Installations None within 10 km radius from the project site
1.5 IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT TO COUNTRY AND REGION
In Indian economy (which is agro based) where many industries are dependent over
agricultural produce for production of luxury and need based commodities, alcohol has
assumed a very important place. It has been a source of revenue by way of excise duty
levied by the State Government on alcohol liquors. It has a potential as fuel in the form
of power alcohol for blending with petrol.
The distillery industry today consists broadly of two parts like IMFL (Indian-made
foreign liquor), imported liquor, beer and country-made liquor, which is brimming with
growth. Challenges like the restrictive policies of states with regard to movement,
production, pricing, etc., increase in raw material prices and impositions applied on
advertising pose huge challenges for the industry. In addition, changing consumer
preference towards premium varieties of IMFL is likely to result in sales-mix gradually
improve in favor of premium brands.
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The need of MS blended with Ethanol is increasing day by day for the petroleum
industries. There are very few distilleries present in and around Andhra Pradesh, which
produces Ethanol and supplying to the petroleum industries for blending. Blending of
ethanol with Motor Spirit (MS) thereby bringing it under the category of bio fuels and
saving the fuel imports, which is implemented by Ministry of Oil Marketing
Companies. So in order to meet the demand of Ethanol and growing need the industry
proposes to expand the capacity of Ethanol Production.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment study considers the impact due to
the production enhancement of grain based distillery on physical, biological and
socioeconomic environment of the surrounding areas. The scope of the EIA study
includes the following:
To establish the prevailing environmental and socio-economic condition of the
study area;
To assess environmental and socioeconomic impacts arising out of the proposed
activities;
To recommend appropriate preventive and mitigation measures to eliminate or
minimize pollution;
To identify and propose management plans in terms of good practices that may
help in abating environmental or socio-economic impacts due to the proposed
expansion;
To prepare a Risk Assessment Report and Disaster Management Plan (DMP)
based on Risk Assessment/studies.
Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during November’ 2020 to
January’ 2021 and used to identify potential significant impacts.
1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS IN THE STUDY AREA
Collection of baseline data is an integral aspect of the preparation of Environmental
Impact Assessment report. Baseline data reflects the present scenario of Environment
before the initiation of any activity of a project. The possible effects due to the
proposed expansion project are estimated and superimposed on the compiled baseline
data subsequently to asses the Environmental impacts.
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Pre project environment assessment was conducted in the study area during
November’ 2020 to January’ 2021. Studies were under taken to generate baseline data
of the following:-
1. GEOLOGY
2. HYDROGEOLOGY
3. METEOROLOGY
4. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
5. WATER QUALITY – GROUND, SURFACE & MARINE WATER
6. AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY
7. SOIL QUALITY
8. ECOLOGY (TERRESTRIAL & MARINE)
9. LAND USE / LAND COVER
10. SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUS
1.8 APPLICABLE LEGISLATIVE & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
The environmental regulations, legislations and policy guidelines that may impact the
project are the responsibility of a variety of Government agencies. The principal
environmental regulatory agency in India is the Ministry of Environment and Forests
& Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Delhi. MoEF&CC formulates environmental
policies and also accords environmental clearance for different projects.
Many State and Central legislations have a bearing on environment but laws on
environment protection have been notified recently. These legal enactments can be
broadly classified in the terms of focus areas, viz. pollution, natural resources and
linkages between pollution and natural resources. The following are the important
applicable environmental legislations related to the project:
1. Environemntal (Protection) Act, 1986 and its amendments
2. EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments
3. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and its amendments
4. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and its amendments
5. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and control) rules, 2000
6. Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary movement)
Rules, 2016 and its amendments
7. Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
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1.9 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF EIA DOCUMENT
In terms of the EIA notification of the MoEF dated 14th September 2006 and its
subsequent amendments, the generic structure of the EIA document should be as
under:
Executive Summary: Given in the beginning of the report
Chapter – I: Introduction
The chapter gives an overview of the nature, size and location of the project, objective
and purpose of the report, importance of the project to country and region, scope and
methodology adopted for EIA study.
Chapter – II: Project Description
The chapter narrates the project background, Key findings of the project, size or
magnitude of the operation, location of the project, project description, General
arrangement, utilities, resource requirements and associated facilities, project
schedule and cost estimate.
Chapter – III: Description of Environment
The Chapter covers identification of the study area and baseline study of the physico-
chemical and biological environmental condition of the study area. The rationale is to
evaluate the key environmental parameters of the project area before its actual
implementation. The planning of baseline survey emanated from short listing of
impacts assessed during identification. The baseline study involved both review of
secondary data and generation of primary data through field studies.
Chapter – IV: Anticipated Environmental Impact Assessment & Mitigation
Measures
The chapter assesses the anticipated impacts (positive and negative) arising during
various phases of the project. Prediction is essentially a process to forecast the future
environmental conditions of the project area that may occur as a result of the proposed
project activities. An attempt has been made to predict future environmental
conditions quantitatively on the present and possible scenario. Based on the
anticipated impacts, the mitigation measures have been suggested.
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Chapter – V: Analysis of alternatives (Technology and site)
The chapter provides the alternate location and technology analyzed for various
parameters in the expansion project.
Chapter – VI: Environmental Monitoring Programme
Environmental Monitoring Programme to ensure effectiveness of the environmental
management plan during various phases of project advancement and health, safety and
environmental management cell is briefed in this Chapter.
Chapter – VII: Additional Studies
The Chapter depicts the Public Hearing outcomes and identifies the risks associated
with the project and Disaster Management Plan to be implemented in the event of an
emergency.
Chapter – VIII: Project Benefits
The Chapter discusses the overall benefits which will accrue after implementation of
the project to cover revenue earning of central and state government, social services,
employment generation and overall economic development.
Chapter – IX: Environmental Management Plan
The Chapter details the Environment Management Plan (EMP) to maximize the
positive environmental impacts and to minimize the negative ones.
Chapter – X: Summary & Conclusion
Chapter – XI: Disclosure of Consultants engaged
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2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited is located at Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2,
54, 55/1 & 2, 56 etc., Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda Village, Singarayakonda
Mandal in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. The industry is having valid
Environmental Clearance (EC) vide File No: J-11012/13/98-IA-II(I) dated 19th July
2007 for 90 KLPD Distillery unit (45 KLPD based on molasses and 45 KLPD based
on molasses/grain).
The industry obtained EC amendment to add grain based to existing 45 KLPD
molasses based distillery and 25TPD of CO2 plant vide F.No: J-11011/152/2015-IA II
(I) Dt: 28.12.2015. For the same obtained CFE vide order no:
39/APPCB/CFE/RONLR/HO/2016 Dt: 20.09.2016 and CFO order vide order no:
APPCB/VJA/NLR/39/HO/2017 Dt: 18.12.2017.
Now, the management proposed for capacity expansion from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD
Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain
based i.e. expansion quantity of 60 KLPD and 35 TPD of CO2 plant within the
existing premises.
2.2 TYPE OF PROJECT
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited has existing grain-based distillery of capacity 90 KLPD.
Now, the management proposed for capacity expansion from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD
Ethanol (AA @ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain based distillery
along with 35 TPD of CO2 plant within the existing premises. Total 98.04 Acres of
land is already under the possession of the management.
2.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT
Need for the proposed expansion is based on the demand and supply gap in the
current market. With increasing utilization of potable Alcohol in India and across
India and to carter the requirement of the entire product, it is essential to enhance the
production capacity within the existing manufacturing unit.
Alcohol has assumed a very important place in the economy of the country. It is used
as a raw material for number of chemicals, as a potential fuel in the form of Ethanol
blended with petrol and as an ingredient in Alcoholic Beverages. Use of alcohol as a
main ingredient in beverages is well known. Further, it is a major source of revenue
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by way of excise duty to the State Governments. The importance and utility of alcohol
as an industrial raw material for manufacture of variety of chemicals is now being
increasingly appreciated all over the world. This is partly due to the escalating costs of
these chemicals produced through petrochemical route and abnormal increase in crude
oil prices.
The need of MS blended with Ethanol is increasing day by day for the petroleum
industries. There are very few distilleries present in and around Andhra Pradesh,
which produces Ethanol and supplying to the petroleum industries for blending.
Blending of ethanol with petrol Motor Spirit (MS) thereby bringing it under the
category of bio fuels and saving the fuel imports, which is implemented by Ministry
of Oil Marketing Companies. So in order to meet the demand of Ethanol and growing
need the industry proposes to expand the capacity of Ethanol Production.
2.4 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT
The project site is located at Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54, 55/1 & 2,
56 etc., Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda Village, Prakasam District, Andhra
Pradesh.
Latitude: 15°12’57.80”N
Longitude: 80°0’58.0”E
The nearest highway NH-16 is adjacent to the plant towards east and the nearest
railway station is Singarayakonda Railway station is 4.02 km from the plant. The
location map and satellite imagery is shown in Fig 2.1 and 2.2 respectively. The
topomap around 10 km radius is shown in Fig 2.3 below.
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Fig 2.1 Location Map of the project site
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Fig 2.2 Satellite Imagery of project site
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Fig 2.3 Topo map around 10 km radius
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2.4.1 DETAILS OF LAND
Total land available with the management is 98.04 Acres. The proposed expansion of
production capacity of ENA/Ethanol (AA @ 99.8% v/v) from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD
is within the existing premises and existing plant and machinery is sufficient to handle
the proposed capacity enhancement of grain-based distillery. However, to produce
Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v from Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for blending with
Motor Spirit, it is proposed to set up Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH) plant
within the existing premises. The following is the land use statement
Table 2.1 Land allocation details
Item Land in Acres
Existing Built-up area 14.98
Roads & other infrastructure 8.5
Green belt 35.0
Proposed MSDH unit 0.89
Open space 38.67
Total 98.04
2.5 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION
The company has proposed to expand the production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150
KLPD Ethanol (AA @ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain based
distillery along with 35 TPD of CO2 plant within the existing premises.
Present capacity:
1) ENA (Grain based) – 90 KLPD
2) Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) – 153.68 TPD
3) By products: CO2 – 25 TPD and Wet cake – 150.0 TPD
Proposed Expansion capacity:
1) Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v)/ENA (Grain based) – 60 KLPD
2) By product: CO2 – 35 TPD
3) Wet cake: 90 TPD
2.6 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION
The proposed expansion project will be implemented within 6 months from the date
of issue of Environmental Clearance by the Hon`ble Ministry of Environment &
Forests & Consent for Establishment by SPCB.
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2.7 TECHNOLOGY AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.7.1 DISTILLERY (GRAIN-BASED)
Stage I: Preparation of feed for fermentation
Grain handling and milling
Grains are stored in the Silos & from there they are conveyed through Screw
Conveyor to Bucket Elevator. Bucket Elevator lifts the grains to the required height
(approximately 15 m) and then passes the grains on to the Vibrating Screen, Destoner
and Magnetic Separator to remove dust and stones. The flow through these
equipments is under gravity.
The cleaned grains are then again conveyed by bucket elevator to an intermediate
hopper, which is provided with rotary air lock system for controlled flow in Hammer
Mill. In Hammer Mill the particle size is reduced to as required by the process. From
hammer mill the flour is pneumatically conveyed to Flour Bin (Intermediate storage
for flour). From the flour bin, the flour is carried to Pre masher unit. In Pre masher
flour is mixed with addition of required quantity of water under agitation.
Slurry preparation/partial liquefaction
Slurry from pre-masher is taken to Slurry preparation tank where slurry is further
diluted by addition of fresh water and recycled streams. Slurry is taken to initial
liquefaction tank where liquefying enzyme is added. This slurry is then “cooked” in
the jet cooker. The slurry is continuously pumped to a steam jet cooker where high-
pressure steam rapidly raises the slurry temperature. The mixture of slurry and steam
is then passed through a retention vessel having sufficient capacity to provide the
desired retention time at a given flow rate. The cooked mash is discharged to a flash
tank. The cooking process, accomplished in the above manner, converts the slurry
into a hydrated, sterilized suspension (as starch molecule is solubilized) and is
therefore susceptible to enzyme attack for liquefaction.
Final liquefaction:
The gelatinized mash from the flash tank is further liquefied in a final liquefaction
tank where liquefying enzyme is added. Then the liquefied mash is cooled in slurry
cooler and transferred to fermentation section.
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Saccharification and instantaneous fermentation:
The hydrolyzed starch from the liquefaction step is further treated with enzymes to
convert the material into glucose. This is carried out in the fermenter itself. The
fermentation is instantaneous after formation of glucose.
Stage II: Fermentation
The process followed after liquefaction is same as that is followed in the Molasses
route. Culture yeast is grown in laboratory during plant start-up. Yeast propagation
section comprises of diluter and hygienically engineered yeast vessels equipped with
heating, cooling and air purging facility. Typical fermentation process converts about
90% of the fermentable sugars to ethanol. Yeasts consume about 5% of the
fermentable sugars to produce new cells and minor products such as glycerol’s, acetic
acid, lactic acid, and fusel oils. In proposed process, saccharification & fermentation
will takes place simultaneously by adding glycol-amylase enzyme and active yeast.
Amyloglucozydase and other nutrient enzymes will be added first to saccharify the
Starch slurry causing formation of sugars. Immediately, the active yeast will be
introduced in the system for simultaneous fermentation. The fermentation process will
employ a special yeast culture, which will be able to withstand variations in the
quality, temperature and other shock loads. Yeast will be available in sufficient
quantity to initiate fermentation rapidly and complete it within the cycle time of 54 to
60 hours. Fermentation plant will consist of fermenters tanks connected in series with
all the accessories like Plate Heat Exchangers (PHEs) for cooling, spargers, broth
mixers and air blowers etc. To prepare the mash for fermentation, it will be diluted
with water. The pH of the mash may be adjusted by the addition of acid. The
fermenter temperature will be maintained at around 30°C-32°C by forced
recirculation flow through plate heat exchangers. The recirculating pumps will also
serve to empty the fermenters into Beer Well. The carbon dioxide evolved during the
process will be scrubbed to prevent ethanol emissions by process water, which will be
taken to beer well.
Stage III: Distillation
Multi-pressure (MPR) distillation schemes with the above systems applied along with
various heat integration methods is used for the optimal economic operation of the
plant. Multi-Pressure Distillation system chosen has seven distillation columns
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operating at various pressure conditions. Heat energy from columns operating under
high pressure is utilized for columns operating under low pressure to optimize the
operation for proper energy consumption.
Pre-heated fermented wash will be fed to Degasser column. Fermented wash is
stripped off alcohol by ascending vapors in Analyzer column. Rectifier vapors
provide energy to Analyzer column through a Thermosyphon reboiler. Vapors of
Degasser column are condensed and taken to Recovery Feed Tank. The condensed
Analyzer vapors are taken to Pre-Rectifier Column. Analyzer Condensate is
concentrated in Pre-Rectifier column, which operates under pressure. Condensing
steam provides energy to prerectifier column through a vertical Thermosyphon
reboiler. A Technical Alcohol cut of about 1-2% of total spirit is taken from the Pre-
Rectifier column.
Concentrated alcohol draw from Pre-Rectifier column is fed to ED column for
purification. Dilution water in the ratio of 1:10 is added in this column for
concentrating higher alcohol at the top. Top of this column is condensed in its
condensers and fed to recovery feed tank while bottoms are fed to Rectifier cum
Exhaust Column for concentration. Rectifier Column operates under pressure and
condensing steam provides energy to this column through a vertical Thermosyphon
reboiler. Technical Alcohol cut is taken out from the top of this column while ENA
draw is taken out from appropriate upper trays and fed to Simmering Column after
cooling. Fusel oil build up is avoided by taking fusel oil draws from appropriate trays.
These fusel oils along with the condensate of Degasifying & Extractive Distillation
columns are fed to recovery column for concentration. A technical alcohol cut is taken
out from the top of this column. Simmering Column is operated under high reflux for
better separation of methanol and di-acetyls. Final ENA product draw is taken from
the bottom of this column. Depending upon the market requirements either ENA is
produced or RS which is subsequently converted to Ethanol. However, to produce
Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v from Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for blending with
Motor Spirit, it is proposed to set up Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH) plant
within the existing premises. The production capacity of Ethanol (AA @ 99.8 %
v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain based distillery would be 150 KLPD at
any point of time.
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Decantation & Thin Slops Recycle Section
Decantation section comprises of a Centrifuge Decanter for separation of suspended
solids from Spent Wash coming out of Grain Distillation Plant. Wet cake has upto
30-35 % w/w solids as removed from bottom of Decanter which is sold directly in wet
form as cattle feed (DWGS).
Thin slops coming out of Decanter are collected in a tank and partly recycled into the
process & further for Evaporation for concentration upto 30-35% w/w solids. The
concentrated thin slops called as Syrup is mixed with Wet cake and sold in wet form
as cattle feed (DWGS).
Product Storage
Spirit storage would be divided into two sections. One would be daily spirit receiver
section and the other would be bulk storage section. The spirit coming out of
distillation would be transferred to daily spirit receivers (separated for
Ethanol/RS/ENA). Subsequently, after gauging, the spirit would be transferred to
respective bulk storage tanks.
The process flow diagram is provided below in Fig 2.4. The overall site plan fans
distillery layout plan is provided in Fig 2.5 and Fig 2.6 respectively.
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Fig 2.4 Process Flow diagram
LIQUIFICATION
YEAST WATER
FERMENTATION PROCESS
DISTILLATION PROCESS
BOILER
ASH
Brick manufacturing
units
DECANTATION
WET CAKE DWGS
STEAM
ZLD System
STEAM ENA
96% MSDH Columns
100 % ENA
GRAINS (Raw Material for Alcohol
Production)
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Fig 2.5 Overall Site Plan of the Distillery
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Fig 2.6 Layout Plan of Distillery
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2.7.2 Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH)
Rectified Spirit containing at least 95% v/v alcohol is pumped from RS collection
tank to dehydration section. Rectified spirit is preheated in Feed pre-heater with the
help of product vapors and then fed to top tray of Evaporator Column. The objective
of the Evaporator Column is to evaporate rectified spirit. The Evaporator Column
operates under pressure. Energy is supplied to the Evaporator Column through
Evaporator Column Reboiler with steam condensing on shell side. The steam
condensate is collected in Steam condensate tank.
Overhead feed alcohol vapors from the Evaporator Column are then passed through
Superheater where alcohol vapors are superheated. Energy for superheating is
supplied by steam condensation on shell side of the Super heater. Superheated
hydrous alcohol vapors are sent to twin Adsorbent Beds. The twin Adsorbent
Beds operate in cyclic manner. Twin beds are provided to allow for bead regeneration
in continuous operation. While one bed is in dehydration mode, the other is in
regeneration mode. The feed alcohol vapors are passed through the bed under
dehydration mode. The Adsorbent Bed will absorb moisture present in feed vapors
and dehydrated product alcohol vapors are obtained from bottom of the bed. The
product alcohol vapors are then passed through Regeneration Preheater and Feed
Preheater for heat recovery. The Product alcohol vapors are then passed through
Product Condenser where product vapors are condensed with the help of cooling
water. Condensed product alcohol is collected in product receiver. The Product
alcohol from Product Receiver is pumped to Product Cooler where it is cooled with
the help of cooling water and then sent for storage.
During regeneration mode, vacuum is applied to the bed under regeneration. These
alcohol-water vapors (regeneration stream) are condensed in Regeneration Condenser,
which is attached to Vacuum Eductor. The regeneration stream coming from the
Regeneration Condenser is pumped, preheated in Regeneration Preheater and fed to
the Evaporator Column for recovery of alcohol. Moisture present in feed alcohol is
removed from the bottom of the Evaporator Column in the form of spent lees. After
one cycle is over, the beds are interchanged, that is, the bed on dehydration mode will
be switch over to regeneration mode and the bed on regeneration mode will be switch
over to dehydration mode, with the help of automation system.
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The process mass balance is provided in Table 2.2
Table 2.2 Process Mass balance
Input Quantity in
Tonnes/Day
Output Quantity in
Tonnes/Day
Grain flour 350 Grain Spirit 150
Alpha amylase 0.090 Process condensate
(wastewater) after
decantation
500
Amyloglucosidase 0.192 Spent lees 700
Nuetrase and
Viscozyme
NA Distiller’s grain
(62% moisture)
210
Sodium Hydroxide 0.14 Wastewater thin slops
for re-circulation
150
Ammonium sulphate NA Water evaporation
losses
93.18
Antifoam agent NA CO2 50
Fresh water 950
Recirculated water 551
Urea 1.4
DAP NA
Turkey red oil NA
Total 1853.18 Total 1853.18
2.8 UTILITIES AND RESOURCES REQUIREMENT
2.8.1 Raw Material
The distillery will use grains as basic raw material. Besides this, processing
chemicals would be used for the production of Ethanol. The other raw materials will
be sourced from local market. The details of basic raw materials required for the
expansion project is given in the below Table 2.3
Table 2.3 Details of Raw material requirement
S.No Description Existing Quantity Proposed Quantity
(After Expansion)
1 Broken Rice 131 MT 219 MT
2 Maize 88 MT 146 MT
Source Broken Rice: AP, TS & Bihar
Maize: AP, TS, Bihar & WB
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2.8.2 Fuel Requirement
Coal/Biomass is being used as fuel for the 30 TPH boiler. The fuel requirements after
expansion for 150 KLPD production is as follows
Biomass – 131 MT
Imported Coal – 45 MT
(Source: Krishnapatnam Port)
2.8.3 Steam Requirement
At present steam requirement for the distillery is being met from 30 TPH boiler with
coal/biomass as fuels and 16 TPH boiler as standby. The steam generated from the
boiler is used as follows:
Section Steam Requirement (in TPH)
Distillation-1 11.25
Distillation-2 11
Deaerator 1.5
MSDH Columns 3.4
Total 27.15
2.8.4 Land Requirement
Total land available with the management is 98.04 Acres. The proposed expansion of
production capacity of ENA/Ethanol (AA @ 99.8% v/v) from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD
is within the existing premises. The proposed MSDH unit is planned to be established
in an area of 0.89 Acres within the premises.
2.8.5 Manpower Requirement
The plant will be continuous and automatic in operation, with necessary control
instrumentation. The steam required will be supplied for self-generation. At present
254 people are working in the industry and 50 nos. employment for proposed
expansion project.
2.8.6 Water Requirement
The distillation industry is a water demanding industry and discharges considerable
amount of effluent. However, in Grain Based Distilleries, most of the effluent
quantities comprises of organic compound including fibers & proteins etc., which will
be separated by concentrating it in Multi-Effect Evaporators (MEE). The fibers &
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solids thus separated will be utilized as cattle feed due to their rich fiber & protein
content.
The existing plant is utilizing 1395 KLD of fresh water through bore wells from
sanampudi village via tankers. Average fresh water requirement after the proposed
expansion will be 1746 KLD. Recently, the industry has established desalination plant
of 4 MLD capacity and source of water will be from own desalination plant. The
detailed water requirement for the existing and proposed expansion is given below in
Table 2.4
Table 2.4 Water Requirement for the project
FRESH WATER REQUIRMENT
SNO PURPOSE QUANTITY (KLD)
Existing
(90 KLPD Plant) After Expansion
(150 KLPD Plant)
1 PROCESS 544 950
2 WASHINGS 70 90
3 BOILER FEED 80 120
4 INDUSTRIAL COOLING (MAKE UP) 340 220
5 IMFL BLENDING & BOTTLING 246 246
6 WTP DM PLANT BACKWASH 95 95
7 DOMESTIC 20 25 TOTAL 1395 1746
2.8.7 Power Requirement
Power requirement met from APSPDCL and existing in house power generation from
4.22 MW Turbine. Alternate energy from DG sets of capacity of 1x325 kVA, 1x750
kVA and 1x1010 kVA during emergency.
2.9 POLLUTION SOURCE AND CONTROL MEASURES
The pollution creating aspects for the project will be wastewater generation, air
emissions, noise generation and solid/ hazardous waste generation, storage and
handling of chemicals/ raw material/ product. The source of pollution and its
mitigation measures are given below in subsequent section.
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2.9.1 Water Pollution
The effluent generated from the ENA/ Grain Alcohol production process will be
segregated as process effluent (spent wash and spent lees) and effluent from utilities
like Boiler, Cooling Tower, vacuum pump, washings. The company adopted Zero
Liquid Discharge scheme. The condensates from evaporation will be recycled and
reused in Process & Make up water streams.
The industry’s overall boiler feed water requirement after expansion will be about
120 m3/day. Boiler water requirement will be met through fresh treated water. The
maximum DM water required would be 95 m3/day. The blowdown, contributing to
wastewater generation will be about 18 m3/day. Cooling tower make-up requirements
would be partially met with MEE condensate and Spent lees, after its treatment in
CPU. Thus, fresh make-up water requirement for cooling towers would be
220 m3/day. The wash water requirement (for washing of fermenters and floor) will
be about 90 m3/day.
The distillery effluent (spent lees) is sent to the decanter, where the solid waste
DWGS is separated and liquid waste will go to the Multi-effect evaporator (2x500
KLD). In the Multi-effect evaporator it will be concentrated upto 30-35% solids and
the concentrated solids are mixed with the Distillers Wet Grain Soluble (DWGS)
which will be sold as cattle feed. The process condensate from the evaporator, cooling
tower and boiler blow downs will be sent to Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU) unit
consisting of Equalization tank, aeration tank, clarifier and dual media filter and RO
for treatment. The RO permeate is reused for cooling tower make up purpose and RO
rejects sent to MEE.
Condensate Polishing Unit
The condensate from the process will be treated and reused back in to the alcohol
manufacturing process as process water or cooling water make-up thereby reducing
the requirement of fresh water. The process condensate will be collected in the
collection tank. Caustic will be added for neutralization. Continuous mixing with the
help of agitator is provided in the tank. The neutralized condensate passes through
micron cartridge filter for the removal of residual suspended solids. The filtrate will
be collected in the treated water tank to be reused in process. Blow down from Boiler
and Cooling Tower which contains only dissolved solids as major pollutants due to
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repeated circulation of water and washing will be reused for greenbelt development
after necessary physical treatment e.g. settling, cooling etc.
Fig 2.7 Condensate Polishing Unit Flow Diagram
HOLDING TANK Capacity: 6300 cubic meter
EQUALIZATION TANK capacity: 1850 cubic meter
AREATION TANK Capacity: 1650 cubic meter
CLARIFIER TANK-I capacity: 200 cubic meter
CLARIFIER TANK-II capacity: 700 cubic
meter
D.M.F
A.C.F
SLUDGE COLLECTION
BACKWASH
COOLING TOWER WATER STORAGE
SUMP
LAMELLA TANK
Storage tank capacity: 200 cubic meter
Softener
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The domestic wastewater will be treated in the sewage treatment plant of capacity 50
KLD. The treated STP water will be used for gardening purpose. Details of different
streams of effluents generation and potential for recycling of treated effluent are given
in Table 2.5 below
Table 2.5 Details of different streams pf effluent generation
WASTEWATER GENERATION
SNO PURPOSE QUANTITY (KLD)
Existing
(90 KLPD Plant) After Expansion
(150 KLPD Plant)
1 SPENT LEES 79 172
2 BOILER BLEED OFF 10 18
3 COOLING BLOW DOWN 10 27
4 WTP BACKWASH 75 117
5 IMFL BOTTLE WASHINGS 60 60
6 WASTE WATER AFTER DECANTATION 377 500
7 FLOOR WASHINGS 10 10
8 DOMESTIC 18 22 TOTAL 639 926
2.9.2 Air Pollution
The air pollution will be due to combustion emissions released by the boiler furnace
attached to the 30 TPH & 16 TPH (stand by) boilers. The boiler furnace, will use
biomass/coal as fuel in the ratio of 80 % : 20 % with a maximum consumption of about
30.0 MT/hour. The critical SPM concentration in the flue gas will be less than 115.0
g/Nm3. The DG sets as standby arrangement are provided with adequate stack height as
per the norms and being used only during power failure.
Fugitive emission from distilleries includes volatilization of alcohol from process &
storage tanks, dust from stock piles, spills and material handling and open vessel. The
existing stack details with air pollution control equipment are provided in Table 2.6
below
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Table 2.6 Emissions and control measures
S.No Description Stack -1 Stack -2 Stack -3 Stack -4
1 Attached to Boilers DG set DG set DG set
2 Capacity 30 TPH boiler
(existing)
16.0 TPH
(Existing and
stand by)
1 x 325 KVA 1 x 750 KVA 1 x 1010 KVA
3 Fuel Biomass/coal Diesel Diesel Diesel
4 Stack height Common stack – 50 m 7.0m 7.0m 7.0m
5 Air pollution
control
equipment
Electrostatic
Precipitator
(ESP)
Bag filter Acoustic
enclosure
Acoustic
enclosure
Acoustic
enclosure
2.9.3 Odour pollution
The main problem for production of Alcohol is the foul odour generated from various
processes like fermentation, distillation, spent wash, skins of crop. Closed system is
provided for the fermentation vessel so as to prevent the escape of hydrocarbons.
Another source of odour will be DWGS, which is the by-product of this distillery which
is being sold as cattle feed.
2.9.4 Solid and hazardous wastes
Solid waste generated are CPU sludge and ash from the boiler. The mixed boiler ash is
being sold to brick manufacturing units. The only hazardous waste generated in project
will be the scrap oil from DG set, automobiles, gears etc. This is stored in leak proof
drums in storage yard and disposed to APPCB authorized agencies. The details of the
solid wastes generated from the existing plant and proposed expansion are given in
Table 2.7
Table 2.7 Solid waste generation and disposal
Type
Existing
Quantity
Proposed
Quantity
Total
after
expansion
Storage Utilization/disposal
Solid waste
DWGS 150 TPD 90 TPD 240 TPD Covered
shed
Sold as cattle feed
directly
Mixed
boiler
ash
2.5 TPD
2.5 TPD 5.0 TPD
Ash silo Brick manufacturing
units
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ETP
Sludge
1.0 TPM 0.6 TPM 1.6 TPM Used as manure
STP
Sludge 1.5 TPM
-- 1.5 TPM Used as manure
Hazardous Waste
Waste
oil
3000 LPA
(Existing)
2000 LPA
(Proposed)
5000 LPA Sealed
Carboys
To the agencies
authorized by APPCB
2.10 PROJECT COST
The initial project cost for the distillery while applying EC to MOEF&CC Delhi vide
order Dated: 19.07.2007 was 55 crores and the CFE Order for installation of 30 TPH
boiler vide order Dated 18.04.2018 was 15 crores. Both these projects have been
completed. The project cost for the proposed MSDH unit within the plant premises is
12.6 crores. The total project cost is 82.6 crores.
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3.0 INTRODUCTION
Collection of base line data is an integral aspect of the preparation of Environmental
Impact Assessment report. Base line data reflects the present status of Environment
before the initiation of any activity. The possible effects due to the product expansion
of the project are estimated and superimposed on the compiled baseline data
subsequently to asses Environmental Impacts.
3.1 STUDY AREA
Study area covers 10 km radius from the project site located at Old Singarayakonda
Village, Singarayakonda Mandal, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh.
3.2 STUDY PERIOD
The baseline environmental quality represents the background scenario of various
environmental components in the study area.
As part of the Environmental Impact Assessment study, baseline environmental
monitoring was carried out for the month of November 2020 to January 2021. The
following studies were undertaken to generate base line data for this EIA report.
3.3 METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY
The various steps involved in Environmental Impact Assessment study of the project
are divided into following phases:
Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the existing
status within the impact zone with respect to air, water, noise, soil and socio-
economic components of environment. Following studies will be carried out:
Micrometeorological data
Air quality – existing ambient air quality
Water analysis - ground water & surface water
Noise levels
Geology
Hydrogeology
Flora and fauna
Land use / Land cover
Soil characteristics and
Socio – economic status surrounding the project area
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Quantification/prediction of impact for the identified activities and to study the
level of impact on various environmental components.
Evaluation of impacts after super imposing the predicted/quantified scenario over
the baseline scenario.
Formulation of Environmental Management Plan for implementation in the
proposed expansion project.
3.4 COLLECTION OF BASELINE DATA
3.4.1 Micro meteorological data
Micrometeorological studies are simultaneously conducted with the ambient air
quality monitoring. Meteorology plays an important role in the dispersion of
pollutants. The meteorological data is very useful for interpretation of the base line
information and for model study of air quality impacts also.
A temporary meteorological station was installed at project site. The station was
installed at a height of 4 m above the ground level in such a way that there are no
obstructions facilitating flow of wind, wind speed, wind direction, humidity and
temperature are recorded on hourly basis.
Regional Meteorology:
Climate
The climate of the region is governed by its location in the tropics and by the
monsoon. The climate of the southeastern coast of the Bay of Bengal is characterized
by the annually recurring seasonal monsoons, which divide the year in to four
seasons.
The North East monsoon from December to March is the cool season of the
year with predominantly northeasterly winds.
The Pre monsoon period in the months of March to May is usually hottest part
of the year.
The South West monsoon from June to September is characterized by
predominantly South west winds.
The Post monsoon period is the months of October and November when
cyclones most frequent.
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Table 3.1 IMD Climatological Data (History) of Ongole
Month
Temperature ºC Mean Relative
Humidity % Rainfall
mm Maximum Minimum
8.30
Morning
17.30
Evening
January 30.6 20.2 85 62 18.7
February 32.4 21.8 82 59 4.1
March 34.6 24.0 78 60 18.3
April 36.6 26.3 74 62 12.9
May 39.7 28.0 65 54 68.5
June 38.3 28.2 62 49 61.0
July 35.8 26.9 68 54 108.3
August 35.0 26.5 71 56 115.5
September 34.9 26.0 74 62 148.0
October 33.0 24.8 80 70 247.0
November 31.3 22.5 81 69 175.1
December 30.6 20.6 83 65 31.5
Ref: IMD, Onglole
Temperature:
The maximum temperature recorded is 39.7ºC and the minimum is 20.2ºC.
Relative Humidity:
The relative humidity is comparatively high and fairly uniform throughout the year.
The mean relative humidity ranging from 49% to 85%.
Rainfall:
The region of Nellore district receives an annual rainfall of 1008.9 mm. The region
also receives rain from the occasional low-pressure systems developing during the
post monsoon and pre-monsoon season.
3.4.2 Winds
A weather station was installed in the site for hourly monitoring of temperature,
humidity and wind velocity for the month of November 2020 to January 2021.
Average data is given in Table 3.1.
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Table 3.2 Micro meteorological data at site
Sl. No. Parameters Nov.20 Dec.20 Jan.21
1 Temperature (0C) Maximum 30.86 28.03 31.32
Minimum 20.88 18.84 18.71
Average 26.44 24.40 24.25
2 Relative Humidity (%) Maximum 92.03 91.95 96.22
Minimum 55.14 55.51 36.72
Average 80.49 76.28 74.06 3 Wind Speed (m/s) Maximum 13.13 7.96 6.19
Minimum 0.22 0.47 0.14
Average 4.61 4.00 2.85 4 Wind Direction (%) E 10.14 8.06 9.95
ENE 4.58 13.04 5.78
ESE 1.94 8.20 3.49
N 3.06 4.97 2.02
NE 23.33 21.77 12.50
NNE 5.97 5.65 3.90
NNW 3.75 6.72 4.03
NW 16.67 10.75 7.26
S 0.97 1.21 12.90
SE 1.81 4.44 4.84
SSE 0.69 1.21 6.99
SSW 0.97 0.54 3.23
SW 3.19 0.81 3.76
W 3.61 0.40 2.02
WNW 5.69 2.55 2.69
WSW 2.08 0.40 1.61
CALM 11.53 9.27 13.04
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Fig. 3.1 Wind rose diagram for the month of November’ 2020 - January’ 2021
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3.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT
3.5.1 Selection of Sampling Locations: To assess the baseline ambient air quality a
scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network was established. Air
quality monitoring study was carried out during pre-monsoon season (i.e. November
2020 to January 2021) within 10 km radius of the project site. The ambient air quality
monitoring stations were selected after a brief study based on the following
considerations.
Meteorological conditions
Topography of the study area
Predominant wind direction
Emission sources
Receptors sensitivity
Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations were set up at eight locations with due
consideration to the above mentioned points. The locations of the sampling stations
are given in the Table 3.4 and the same are also show in the Fig 3.2.
3.5.2 Methodology of Sampling and Analysis
Air samples collected were tested for the following parameters
PM10
PM2.5
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Ozone (O3)
Lead (Pb)
Ammonia (NH3)
Benzene (C6H6)
Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP)
Arsenic (As)
Nickel (Ni),
Hydro Carbon HC (Methane and Non Methane)
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
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The sampling and analysis of ambient air quality parameters was carried out as per the
procedures detailed in relevant parts of IS: 5182 (Indian Standards for Ambient Air
Quality Test Methods). The methods used for determining the above mentioned
parameters and furnished hereunder in the Table 3.3.
Frequency of Sampling: 24 hourly samples for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, O3,
NH3, Benzen, Benzo a pyrene, Pb, As, Ni, HC, VOC were collected from each station
(Table 3.4), at a frequency of twice a week for the pre-monsoon season.
Table 3.3 Techniques and detectable limits for Ambient air quality monitoring
S. No. Parameter Technique Technical Protocol Minimum Detectable Limit
1 PM10 (µg/m3) Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetric method)
IS-5182 (Part-IV)
5.0 g/m3
2 PM2.5 (µg/m3) Fine Particulate Sampler (Gravimetric method)
40 CFR USEPA Gravimetric
2.0 g/m3
3 Sulphur dioxide SO2 (µg/m3)
Modified West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 4.0 g/m3
4 Oxides of Nitrogen NOx (µg/m3)
Jacob &Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 4.0 g/m3
5 Carbon Monoxide (CO) mg/m3
Non Dispersible Infra-red Spectroscopy (NDIR)
IS:5182 (Part-X) 0.10 mg/m3
6 Ozone (O3) µg/m3 Chemical Method IS:5182 (Part-IX) 10 µg/m3
7 Lead (Pb) µg/m3 ICP after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper
IS:5182 (Part-22) 0.06 µg/m3
8 Ammonia (NH3) µg/m3
Indophenol blue method IS:5182 (Indophenol Method)
20 µg/m3
9 Benzene (C6H6) µg/m3 Gas Chromatography IS:5182 (Part-XI) 2.0 µg/m3
10 Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) ng/m3
Solvent extraction followed by GC
IS:5182 (Part-XII) 0.5 ng/m3
11 Arsenic (As) ng/m3 ICP after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper
CPCB guidelines 0.44 ng/m3
12 Nickel (Ni), ng/m3 ICP after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper
CPCB guidelines 0.6 ng/m3
13 Hydro Carbon (Methane and Non Methane)
Gas Chromatography IS-5182 (Part-XXI) 0.5 ppm
14 Volatile Organic Compound GC Method EPA 21 PID 0.5 ppm
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Table 3.4 Location of Ambient air quality-monitoring stations
S.No Location Station Code
Direction from
Project Site
Distance w.r.t
Project Site (km)
Latitude and Longitude
Environmental Setting
1 Project Site A1 - - 15°13'0.01"N 80° 0'54.61"E
Industrial Area
2 Sanampudi A2 W 2.7 15°13'1.01"N 79°59'25.80"E
Residential Area
3 Mannetkota A3 SW 3.0 15°11'34.32"N 79°59'51.15"E
Residential Area
4 Oguru A4 WNW 6.2 15°13'59.26"N 79°57'24.29"E
Residential Area
5 Atmakur A5 SW 5.7 15°10'46.58"N 79°58'45.49"E
Residential Area
6 Ganigunta A6 W 6.6 15°12'55.89"N 79°57'5.73"E
Residential Area
7 Singarayakonda A7 NNE 3.3 15°14'55.45"N 80° 1'21.65"E
Residential Area
8 Ramakrishnapuram A8 SE 2.2 15°11'52.18"N 80° 1'39.99"E
Residential Area
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Fig 3.2 Location of Ambient air quality stations
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Table 3.5 Summary of analysis of ambient air quality in the study area
Mon
itor
ing
Loc
atio
ns
No
of S
ampl
es
PM10(µg/m3) PM2.5(µg/m3) SO2(µg/m3) NOx(µg/m3) M
ax
Min
Mea
n
98
perc
enti
le
Max
Min
Mea
n
98
perc
enti
le
Max
Min
Mea
n
98
perc
enti
le
Max
Min
Mea
n
98
perc
enti
le
A1 26 78.0 53.9 67.5 77.4 34.7 23.7 30.2 34.6 12.7 7.7 10.3 12.5 16.3 13.1 14.5 16.2
A2 26 55.7 35.8 48.6 55.4 24.7 14.7 20.1 24.0 8.3 4.3 6.5 8.1 10.7 7.8 9.6 10.6
A3 26 74.9 50.3 63.9 73.6 32.3 22.0 27.4 32.2 11.6 6.9 9.0 11.3 15.4 12.2 13.4 15.3
A4 26 52.0 32.3 45.0 52.0 21.7 12.0 17.6 21.3 7.0 3.4 5.5 6.7 10.5 6.4 8.6 10.1
A5 26 58.0 39.0 51.4 58.0 26.9 15.9 21.6 26.0 8.8 4.8 7.1 8.5 11.4 8.4 10.3 11.3
A6 26 53.6 33.4 46.7 53.5 23.1 12.8 18.8 22.5 7.9 3.8 6.0 7.6 10.4 7.2 9.1 10.3
A7 26 70.8 46.8 60.2 70.0 30.4 20.1 25.2 30.0 10.9 6.3 8.3 10.5 13.5 10.1 11.9 13.3
A8 26 64.4 40.3 55.1 64.2 28.7 18.1 23.0 28.3 9.7 5.4 7.6 9.3 12.5 9.3 11.0 12.3
NAAQ Standard
s 100(µg/m3) 60(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3)
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CHAPTER – III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
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Mon
itor
ing
Loc
atio
ns
No
of S
ampl
es
CO(mg/m3) O3(µg/m3)
Max
Min
Mea
n
98
perc
enti
le
Max
Min
Mea
n
98
perc
enti
le
A1 26 0.35 0.14 0.24 0.34 55.0 38.0 47.0 54.0
A2 26 0.12 <0.10 0.11 0.11 37.0 20.0 31.1 37.0
A3 26 51.0 34.0 43.6 51.0 35.0 17.0 25.0 33.0
A4 26 0.11 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 32.0 14.0 25.5 32.0
A5 26 0.14 <0.10 0.10 0.13 40.0 22.0 34.0 40.0
A6 26 0.12 <0.10 0.10 0.11 34.0 17.0 28.1 33.9
A7 26 0.22 <0.10 0.16 0.21 47.0 27.0 39.7 46.0
A8 26 0.16 <0.10 0.12 0.15 44.0 24.0 36.9 43.0
NAAQ Standards
4.0mg/m3 at 1hr 180µg/m3 at 1hr
Note: Hydro Carbon and VOC are found to be Below Detectable limit
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Graphical presentation of ambient air quality in the study area
77.4
55.4
73.6
52.058.0
53.5
70.064.2
100
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
98 Percentile of PM10 (µg/m3)
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Standard
34.6
24.0
32.2
21.326.0
22.5
30.0 28.3
60
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Standard
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CHAPTER – III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
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Graphical presentation of ambient air quality in the study area
12.58.1 11.3
6.7 8.5 7.6 10.5 9.3
80
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
SO2 (µg/m3)
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Standard
16.210.6
15.310.1 11.3 10.3 13.3 12.3
80
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
NOx (µg/m3)
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Standard
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CHAPTER – III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
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Graphical presentation of ambient air quality in the study area
3.5.3 Existing Ambient Air Quality
On the perusal of above summary of analysis of ambient air quality in the study are it
is evident that all monitored values in various locations are well within the specified
limits of CPCB. The results are summarized below:
PM10: The highest PM10 concentration 78.0µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air
was recorded at station A1 Project area while the lowest PM10 concentration was
0.340.11 0.28
0.10 0.13 0.11 0.21 0.15
4
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
CO (mg/m3)
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Standard
54.037.0
51.032.0
40.00 34.046.0 43.0
180.00
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
O3 (µg/m3)
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Standard
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found to be 32.3µg/m3 at A4. All the monitored values of PM10 are well below the
specified limit of 100 µg/m3.
PM2.5: The highest PM2.5 concentration 34.7 µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air
was recorded at station A1 while the lowest PM2.5 concentration was found to be
12.0µg/m3 at A4. All the monitored values of PM2.5 are well below the specified limit
of 60 µg/m3.
SO2: The highest SO2 concentration 12.7µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was
recorded at station A1 while the lowest SO2 concentration was found to be 3.4 µg/m3
at A4. All the monitored values of SO2 are well below the specified limit of 80 µg/m3.
NOx: The highest NOx concentration 16.3 µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was
recorded at station A1 while the lowest NOx concentration was found to be 6.4µg/m3
at A4. All the monitored values of NOx are well below the specified limit of
80µg/m3.
CO: The highest NOx concentration 0.35mg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was
recorded at station A1 while the lowest CO concentration was found to be
<0.10mg/m3 at A3 and some interior locations. All the monitored values of CO are
well below the specified limit of 2 mg/m3.
OZONE (O3): The highest O3 concentration 55.0µg/m3 was observed in the ambient
air was recorded at station A1 while the lowest O3 concentration was found to be
14.0µg/m3 at A3. All the monitored values of O3 are well below the specified limit of
180µg/m3.
Ammonia (NH4), Lead (Pb), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Arsenic (As),
Nickel (Ni), HC (methane and non methane Hydro Carbon), Volatile Organic Carbon
(VOC) - are remained below detection limit (BDL) in the study area.
3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT
The water resources, both surface and groundwater play an important role in the
development of the area. Likewise, the water resources of the area have been studied
to establish the current status of water quality in the area. The parameters of prime
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CHAPTER – III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
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importance were selected under physical, chemical inorganic, chemical organic and
heavy metal groups. Water samples from ground and surface water sources were
collected. The water samples were collected in pretreated sampling cans and
transported to laboratory for analysis. Due care was taken during sampling &
transportation of these samples.
3.6.1 Surface Water and Ground Water Quality Assessment
In order to assess water quality impacts surface water and ground water samples are
collected from the surrounding villages. The samples analyzed for various physical
and chemical parameters to know the contamination levels as per the IS Standards.
1. Ground water quality --- IS 10500-2012
2. Surface/canal/sea water quality --- IS 2296
3.6.2. Selection of Sampling Locations
Sampling locations were selected on basis of:
Drainage pattern
Location of residential areas respecting different activities
Likely areas those can represent baseline conditions
Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected
physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting
the existing water quality status in the study area.
The samples were analyzed in accordance with “Standard Methods for Examination
of Water and Wastewater Analysis” published by APHA.
3.6.3 Sampling Techniques
Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples
collected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological
analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and
bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality
status in the study area. Parameters like temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH
were analyzed at the time of sample collection.
The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed as
per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in Table 3.6.
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Table 3.6 Standard operating procedures (SOP) for water sampling
Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation
pH Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
50 ml On site analysis
Electrical
Conductivity
Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
50 ml On site parameter
Total suspended
solids
Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
100 ml Refrigeration,
can be stored for 7 days
Total Dissolved
Solids
Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
100 ml Refrigeration,
can be stored for 7 days
BOD Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
500 ml Refrigeration, 48 hrs
Hardness Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
100 ml Add HNO3 to pH<2,
refrigeration; 6 months
Chlorides Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
50 ml Not required; 28 days
Sulphates Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
100 ml Refrigeration; 28 days
Nitrates Plastic containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 48 hrs
Fluorides Plastic containers only 100 ml Not required; 28 days
Alkalinity Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 14 days
Ammonia Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Add H2SO4 to pH>2,
refrigeration, 28 days
Heavy Metals
(As, Cd, Mn, Cu,
Fe, Zn, Pb etc.)
Plastic/ Glass rinse with
1+1 HNO3
500 ml Filter, add HNO3 to
pH>2; Grab sample; 6
months
Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By
APHA (American Public Health Association) 23rd Edition 2017.
3.6.4 Analytical techniques
The analytical techniques used for water analysis is given in the Table 3.7.
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Table 3.7 Analytical techniques for water analysis
Parameter Method
pH APHA-4500-H+
Colour APHA-2120 C
Odour IS: 3025, Part-4
Temperature APHA-2550 B
Dissolved Oxygen APHA-4500 O
Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B
Turbidity APHA-2130 B
Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl-
Fluorides APHA-4500 F-
Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C
Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D
Total hardness APHA-2340 C
Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4-2
Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500
As
Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca
Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg
Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na
Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K
Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn
Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg
Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb
Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu
Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd
Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe
Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn
Boron APHA-4500 B
Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D
Alkalinity APHA-2320 B
Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By
APHA (American Public Health Association) 23rd Edition 2017.
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3.6.5 Water Sampling Stations
The locations of the water samples collected in the study area are furnished hereunder
Table 3.8 Water sampling stations
Code Station Direction
bearing w.r.t Project Site
Distance from Project Site
(km)
Latitude & Longitude
Source of collection
GW1 Project Site - - 15°13'0.01"N 80° 0'54.61"E
Ground water
GW2 Oguru WNW 6.2 15°13'59.26"N 79°57'24.29"E
Ground water
GW3 Atmakur SW 5.7 15°10'46.58"N 79°58'45.49"E
Ground water
GW4 Ganigunta W 6.6 15°12'55.89"N 79°57'5.73"E
Ground water
GW5 Singarayakonda NNE 3.3 15°14'55.45"N 80° 1'21.65"E
Ground water
GW6 Ramakrishnapuram SE 2.2 15°11'52.18"N 80° 1'39.99"E
Ground water
GW7 Malapalle NE 2.3 15°13'35.50"N 80° 2'4.28"E
Ground water
GW8 Ulavapadu S 5.5 15°10'5.44"N 80° 0'11.55"E
Ground water
SW1 Manneru upstream W 2.1 15°13'5.56"N 79°59'42.45"E
Surface water
SW2 Manneru downstream ESE 0.7 15°12'38.00"N 80° 1'11.47"E
Surface water
SW3 Kanumalla Cheruvu NW 4.2 15°14'55.42"N 79°59'37.53"E
Surface water
SW4 Jolagunta lake N 6.9 15°16'40.39"N 80° 1'42.41"E
Surface water
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Fig 3.3 Water sampling locations
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3.6.6 Ground water quality of the study area
The summarized analysis results of the ground water quality in the study area are given in the below table
Table 3.9 Ground water quality results
S. No. PARAMETER UNIT GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS:10500-Standards
Acceptable Permissible
1. Color Hazen < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 5 15
2. Temperature of Water 0C 25.2 24.9 24.6 25.0 25.5 25.2 25.0 25.2 - -
3. pH - 7.2 7.3 7.1 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.2 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5
4. Turbidity NTU 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.28 0.24 0.24 0.28 0.32 1 5
5. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 957 936 909 1105 998 917 1015 1058 500 2000
6. Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l 804 859 826 965 861 854 897 849 200 600
7. Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 198 162 158 226 165 172 217 236 300 600
8. Chlorides as Cl mg/l 207 185 182 227 207 170 209 219 250 1000
9. Calcium as Ca mg/l 66.1 60.5 56.5 80.2 61.9 60.5 70.6 82.5 75 200
10. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 7.9 7.4 7.2 9.0 8.0 7.6 8.4 9.6 30 100
11. Fluoride as F mg/l 0.88 0.66 0.58 0.78 0.60 0.59 0.68 0.85 1.0 1.5
12. Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 2.2 1.7 1.4 2.5 2.0 1.7 2.2 3.0 45 45
13. Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 62.8 58.4 56.5 70.1 62.5 65.2 67.5 72.5 200 400
14. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 0.05
15. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.003 0.003
16. Copper as Cu mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 1.5
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17. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 0.01
18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.3 0.3
19. Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 0.3
20. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.22 0.19 0.16 0.28 0.19 0.17 0.21 0.29 5.0 15.0
21. Dissolved phosphates mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - -
22. Phenolic Compounds as
C6H5OH
mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
0.001 0.002
23. Residual Chlorine mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 - -
24. E. Coli MPN/100
ml
Not Detecte
d
Not Detecte
d
Not Detecte
d
Not Detecte
d
Not Detecte
d
Not Detecte
d
Not Detecte
d
Not Detecte
d
Not
Detectable Not
Detectable
25. Total Coliforms MPN/100
ml 48 42 40 54 46 50 40 46
Not
Detectable Not
Detectable
ND - Not Detected
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3.6.7 Summary of Groundwater quality:
During the study period, the pH of the groundwater was found varying between
7.2 and 7.4. The pH values for all the samples collected in the study area during
study period were found to be within the acceptable limits.
The TDS of all the samples were below the permissible limit of 2000 mg/l.
The Chloride levels in the groundwater samples collected in the study area were
ranging from 170 – 219 mg/l
In the groundwater samples collected from the study area, the hardness was found
to be varying from 158 mg/l to 236mg/l.
In the groundwater samples of study area the fluoride values were found to be
within a range of 0.58 mg/l to 0.88 mg/l.
All the heavy metals in all samples were found to be below the permissible limits.
An overview of the results obtained reveals that none of parameters were found above
the permissible limits of IS: 10500 Drinking Water Standards.
3.6.8. Surface water quality of the study area
The water in the region (surface water) has been compared with respect to the
Drinking water Quality Standards as IS: 10500 and IS: 2296. The summarized
analysis of results of the surface water quality in the study area are given in the below
table 3.10.
Table 3.10 Surface water quality of the study area
S.
No. PARAMETER UNIT SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4
IS:2296 -
Standards
1. Color Hazen <1 <1 <1 <1 -
2. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable -
3. Turbidity Ntu 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 -
4. pH - 7.1 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.50 – 8.50
5. Temperature 0C 25.2 25.6 25.4 25.2 -
6. Electrical Conductivity mmhos/cm 329 398 386 372 -
7. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 219 254 251 239 1500
8. Total Suspended Solids mg/l 12 18 14 17 -
9. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 96 108 97 102 -
10. Total Hardness as mg/l 90 113 105 98 -
11. Calcium as Ca mg/l 16.9 20.0 18.6 18.2 -
12. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 11.6 12.9 13.0 12.5 -
13. Chloride as Cl mg/l 48.4 55.1 54.2 50.7 -
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14. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 12.2 12.4 12.5 12.0 -
15. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 -
16. Iron as Fe mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 -
17. Hexavalent Chromium as
Cr6+ mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05
18. Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.005
19. Cyanide as CN mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.05
20. Zinc as Zn mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 15
21. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01
22. Copper as Cu mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 1.5
23. Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.1
24. Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 5.0
25. Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 -
26. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 -
27. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 -
28. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.3 5.6 6.0 5.7 5.0 min
29. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 2.4 3.7 3.6 3.4 -
30. Biochemical Oxygen
Demand mg/l 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 3.0
31. Total Kjheldhal Nitrogen mg/l < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 -
32. Free Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 -
33. Oil & Grease mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 -
34. E. Coli MPN/100 ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
35. Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml 640 710 680 690 5000
3.6.9. Surface water quality results are summarized below:
pH of the surface water collected was neutral with pH ranging from 7.1 -7.3
TDS was found to be 219mg/l to 254mg/l. The tolerance limit of 1,500 mg/l as per
IS:2296
Total hardness was found to be 90mg/l to 113mg/l
Presence of Nitrate was recorded as 1.2mg/l to 1.5mg/l
DO was observed as 5.6mg/l to 6.3mg/l
Total coliform in water was 640MPN/100ml to 710MPN/100ml The likely source of
bacteriological contamination was due to the proximity to residential area
All the heavy metals were found to be within below detectable limits.
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3.7 SOIL QUALITY
3.7.1 Selection of sampling locations
For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the
existing overall soil conditions around the project site. The study of the soil profile
establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future for identifying the
incremental concentrations if any, due to the project. The sampling locations have
been identified with following objectives.
a) To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area
b) To determine the impact of the project activities on soil characteristics
3.7.2 Sampling and analytical techniques
Five sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions
representing various land use conditions and geological features. At each location,
soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm
below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 & Methods of
Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil
Science Society of America). The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical
and chemical characteristics. The soil samples were collected and analyzed once in
pre-monsoon season.
The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico-
chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer.
The methodology adopted for each parameter is described in Table 3.11
Table 3.11 Analytical Techniques for Soil Analysis
Parameter Method (ASTM number)
Textural classification Chart developed by Public Roads Administration
pH pH meter (D 1293-84)
Electrical conductivity Conductivity meter (D 1125-82)
Nitrogen Kjeldahl distillation (D 3590-84)
Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, colourimetric (D 515-82)
Potassium Flame photometric (D 1428-82)
Sodium Flame photometric (D 1428-82)
Calcium IS:2720
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Parameter Method (ASTM number)
Magnesium IS:2720
Chlorides Argentometric (D 512-81 Rev 85)
3.7.3 Details of soil sampling locations
The soil sampling locations and distance from project are mentioned in below Table
3.12.
Table 3.12 Soil sampling locations
Code Location/
Villages
Direction
Bearing
w.r.t Project
Distance from
Project Site (km)
Site Latitude
and
Longitude
S1 Project Site - - 15°13'0.01"N 80° 0'54.61"E
S2 Patikanenivaripalle W 3.4 15°12'56.15"N 79°59'3.58"E
S3 Singarayakonda N 1.7 15°14'1.68"N 80° 0'53.52"E
S4 Mannetipeta SSW 2.6 15°11'44.42"N 80° 0'14.22"E
S5 Malapalle ENE 2.4 15°13'28.11"N 80° 2'20.23"E
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Fig 3.4: Soil sampling locations
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3.7.4. Soil analysis results in the study area
The summarized analysis results of the soil samples in the study area are presented in the
Table 3.13.
Table 3.13 Soil analysis results
S.No Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
1. pH (1:5) Aq Extract -- 6.8 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.2
2. Conductivity (1:5 Aq Extract)
mhos /cm 291 279 302 294 290
3. Texture (a) Sand (b) Silt (c) Clay
%
34.8 28.3 36.9
34.4 26.5 39.1
36.8 28.1 35.1
37.3 26.6 36.1
34.8 26.3 38.9
4. Bulk Density gm/cm3 1.18 1.10 1.22 1.1 1.2
5. Moisture Content % 10.1 10.8 11.6 11.5 12.0
6. Availabe Nitrogen as N kg/ha 65 57 66 53 58
7. Availabe Phosphorous as P kg/ha 41.8 41.5 42.4 38.2 41.6
8. Available Potassium as K kg/ha 136 122 140 118 125
9. Exchangeable Sodium as Na mg/kg 56 52 59 46 55
10. Exchangeable Calcium as Ca mg/kg 308 298 309 372 297
11. Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 454 427 466 424 445
12. Water Soluble Chlorides as Cl mg/kg 227 219 235 209 217
13. Water Soluble Sulphates as SO4 mg/kg 49 42 54 41 45
14. Organic matter % 0.59 0.62 0.72 0.66 0.57
15. Organic Carbon % 0.41 0.38 0.31 0.39 0.33
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3.7.5 Summary of soil analysis data
The analytical results of the soil samples collected during the study period are
summarized below.
The normal range of pHin the soils are 6.0 to 8.5. The pH values in the study area are
varying from 6.8 to7.3 indicating that the soils are falling in neutral soil.
Nitrogen encourages the vegetative development of plants by imparting a healthy green
color to the leaves. The available Nitrogen as N in the study area is varying from 53 to
66kg/ha. This is less for crops when compared with soil standards.
Phosphorus influences the vigour of plants and improves the quality of crops. In the
study area available, Phosphorus was found in varying quantities of 38.2 to 42.4kg/ha.
This is medium sufficient level when compared to soil standards.
Potassium enhances the ability of the plants to resist diseases, insect attacks, cold and
other adverse conditions. The available potassium in the study area varies between 118 to
136mg/kg. This is less level for crops.
Organic Carbon in the study area ranges from 0.31 to 0.39%. This is less levelfor crops.
Based on the above results, the soils in the region are average fertile enough for
cultivation of crops.
3.7.6 Standard soil classification
S.No Soil Test Classification
1. pH <4.5 Extremely acidic
4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic
5.51-6.00 moderately acidic
6.01-6.50 slightly acidic
6.51-7.30 Neutral
7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline
7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline
8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline
>9.00 very strongly alkaline
2. Electrical Conductivity (ppm)
(1ppm = 640 µmhos)
Upto 1.00 Average
1.01-2.00 harmful to germination
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2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to
salts)
3. Organic Carbon Upto 0.2: very less
0.21-0.4: less
0.41-0.5 medium,
0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient
0.81-1.00: sufficient
>1.0 more than sufficient
4. Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Upto 50 very less
51-100 less
101-150 good
151-300 Better
>300 sufficient
5. Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Upto 15 very less
16-30 less
31-50 medium
51-65 on an average sufficient
66-80 sufficient
>80 more than sufficient
6. Potassium (Kg/ha) 0 -120 very less
120-180 less
181-240 medium
241-300 average
301-360 better
>360 more than sufficient
Source: Hand Book of Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi
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3.8 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
3.8.1 Identification of sampling locations
Noise at different generating sources has identified based on the activities in the village
area and the noise at sensitive areas. A detailed survey on noise environment was carried
in and around the project site to study the levels of noise, as the high dB (A) levels may
cause adverse effect on human beings and associated environment, including structures,
domestic animals and natural ecological systems. The locations were identified keeping
in view the land use pattern and environmental setting Spot noise levels were measured
using a precision noise level meter at project site and residential areas in all eight
locations were covered with in study zone.
3.8.2 Methodology
The monitoring was carried out at each location for a period of 24 hrs, once in each
season. The locations were identified keeping in view the land use pattern and
environmental setting. The day levels of noise have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm
and the night levels during 10 pm to 6 am. The Ld, Ln and Ldn were calculated based on
the hourly Leq values. Spot noise levels were measured using a precision noise level
meter at residential areas and industry area, in all five locations which were covered with
in study zone. The noise levels include vehicular movement and local activities.
3.8.3 Noise Monitoring Locations
The noise monitoring locations along with their distance from project are mentioned in
the below Table 3.14.
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Table 3.14 Noise monitoring locations
S.No Location Station Code
Direction from
Project Site
Distance w.r.t Project Site
Latitude and Longitude (km)
Latitude and Longitude
Environmental Setting
1. Project Site N1 - - 15°13'0.01"N 80° 0'54.61"E
Industrial Area
2. Sanampudi N2 W 2.7 15°13'1.01"N 79°59'25.80"E
Residential Area
3. Mannetkota N3 SW 3.0 15°11'34.32"N 79°59'51.15"E
Residential Area
4. Oguru N4 WNW 6.2 15°13'59.26"N 79°57'24.29"E
Residential Area
5. Atmakur N5 SW 5.7 15°10'46.58"N 79°58'45.49"E
Residential Area
6. Ganigunta N6 W 6.6 15°12'55.89"N 79°57'5.73"E
Residential Area
7. Singarayakonda N7 NNE 3.3 15°14'55.45"N 80° 1'21.65"E
Residential Area
8. Ramakrishnapuram
N8 SE 2.2 15°11'52.18"N 80° 1'39.99"E
Residential Area
3.8.4 Description of locations
N1 – the location has been selected to assess noise levels in the project site.
N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7 and N8 – the locations have been selected to assess noise levels
near to the project in residential areas with light Vehicular Movement.
3.8.5 Noise levels in the study area
The noise level monitored during the study period is given in the form of Lday, Lnight
and Ldn are given below & compared with CPCB Standards.
Table 3.15 Noise levels in the study area
Location Code
Environmental Setting
Lday dB (A)
Lnight dB (A)
N1 Project site 69.4 61.5
N2 Residential 62.5 57.6
N3 Residential 53.7 46.2
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N4 Residential 59.1 44.9
N5 Residential 53.9 43.6
N6 Residential 51.7 45.2
N7 Residential 57.9 51.5
N8 Residential 51.3 44.2
CPCB norms for Noise levels
Location Leq for Day
dB (A)
Leq for Night
dB (A)
Industrial 75 70
Residential 55 45
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Fig 3.5 Noise monitoring locations
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Graphical presentation of ambient noise levels in the study area
69.4
62.5
53.759.1
53.9 51.7
57.9
51.3
75
55
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Equivalent Noise Day Time Leq dB(A)
61.557.6
46.2 44.9 43.6 45.251.5
44.2
70
45
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Equivalent Noise Night Time Leq dB(A)
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3.9 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY
3.9.1 Geomorphology
The coastal plains, older coastal plains and flood plains with recent alluvium, flood plain
deposits and marine sediments forming the land forms in the north, north east, mid-
central and south eastern parts of the district.
The structural and denudational plateaus on proterozoic rocks with pediment and
pediplains occur in the north, south and central parts of the district. Structured hills,
denudational hills and valleys on sedimentary rocks and colluvial terraces are seen in the
northwest, central and south western parts of the district. The Dharwar schist,
Charnockites and peninsular gneisses occur as linear ridges, residual and structural hills
and as shallow to moderately weathered pediplain deposits.
3.9.2 Drainage
The district lies in the basin between Krishna and Penner. Gundalakamma, Musi,
Manneru and Paleru are the important rivers and they further split into smaller arms
before it debouches into the Bay of Bengal. The general drainage pattern is dendritic to
sub-dendritic. The drainage density varies from less than 0.4 km/sq.km in poorly drained
alluvial areas, which covers the entire southern parts of the district to 0.6 km/sq.km in the
Northern parts occupied by crystalline rocks.
3.9.3 Geology
The area in Prakasam district is underlain by diverse type of rock types belonging to
Achaean to recent age.
3.9.4 Hydrogeology
The hydrogeological studies to understand the local geology, geomorphic features,
drainage network, aquifer characteristics and yield of water. Accordingly, various
components controlling the hydrogeological regime. The hydrogeology map of the
Prakasam district is given in Figure 3.6.
Occurrence of Ground Water
Ground water systems are a result of the complex combination of different lithological
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and structural types within an area that together constitute an aquifer within which
ground water accumulates and moves. Rather than describing individual lithologies and
their tendencies to form aquifers or otherwise, it is useful to describe the ground water as
one continuous across various lithological types (Kulkarni and Deolankar, 1995).
The aquifer system in Prakasam district comprises 4 groups:
1) Crystalline aquifer system
2) Cuddapah aquifer system
3) Gondwana aquifers and
4) Alluvial & laterite aquifer system
In general ground water occurs in all the formations of the area. Ground water occurs
under phreatic conditions in the weathered, fractured crystalline rocks at shallow depths
and under semi confined to confined conditions in the deeper fractured crystalline rocks.
The crystalline aquifer, granite-gneiss, system occupy major parts of the district. The
crystalline aquifer system lacks primary porosity and the occurrence, movement of
ground water in these rock types depend on the thickness of weathered zone available
and degree of fracturing/jointing. The thickness of weathered zone varies from 3.0 to
15.0 m. The depth of the dug wells ranges from 6.0 to 16.0 m bgl with yields of the wells
varying from 50 to 100 m3/day and sustain intermittent pumping for 3 to 6 hrs a day. The
results of the recent exploratory drilling in this formation by CGWB to depths of 150 m
showed that in granite gneiss the discharge varies from 113.18 to 604.8 m3/day with the
transmissivity varying from 2.0 to 69 m2/day. In the Hornblende-Biotite- Gneiss the
discharge is 14.0 to 155.52 m3/day and the transmissivity is 12.66 to 150 m2/day. Yield
varies from 38 m3/day to 158.97 m3/day with transmissivity values from 1.5 to 12.66
m2/day in Charnockite formations. In schistose formations the discharges varied from
63.07 to 242 m3/day with transmissivity of the aquifer varying from 1.06 to 40 m2/day.
The Cuddapah aquifer system consists of quartzites, shales and limestones. The
occurrence and movement of ground water in these rocks depending on the extent of
weathering, degree of compaction, fracturing and occurring of bedding planes and
presence of solution channels in the limestones. The dug wells range in depths between
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8.0 to 15.0 m bgl and the yields range from 20 to 120 m3/day. Ground Water exploration
down to 150 m depth, yield in this formation vary 172.80 to 587.52 m3/day with
transmissivity of the aquifer varying from 6.87 to 158.22 m2/day. In shale formation the
discharge varied from 164.20 to 316.26 m3/day and the transmissivity values varying
from 6.59 to 22.8 m2/day.
The alluvium consisting of fine sand, gravel and kankar is occur coastal alluvium, river
alluvium and windblown sands in the area around Chirala, Vetapalem, Chinnaganjam,
Nagulappalapadu, Kothapatnam, Ulvalapadu and Tanguturu with thickness of 15.0 m has
fresh water pockets along the coastal line. The filter point/tube wells constructed in
alluvial areas have yielded 216 to 302.4 m3/day and the transmissivity of the alluvial
aquifer varies from 32 to 1400 m2/day. The river alluvium occurs along the course of
Gundalakamma, Musi, Paleru and Manneru rivers in the district are favorable for filter
points down to 15.0 m depth. Discharge varying from 302.4 to 561.6 m3/day but the
quality of water is slightly brackish. The quality of water is mostly saline.
Water Level Scenario
The depth to water level during pre-monsoon season (May, 2012) in the district ranges
between 1.09 to 8.94 m bgl. Shallow water levels less than 2 m bgl occur in the north
eastern parts of the district; whereas water levels more than 5 m bgl zone occur in
western parts of the district. The depth to water level during post-monsoon season (Nov,
2012) in the district ranges between 0.07 to 14.80 m bgl. Whereas water levels less than 2
m bgl occur in eastern parts of the district.
Long-term trend of water levels (2002 to 2011) indicates that, rise in water levels in the
range of 0.0020 to 0.11 m/year during pre-monsoon where as fall is in the range of
0.0022 to 0.3365 m/year. During post monsoon period water level rise varies from
0.0028 to 0.1924 m/year and fall in water levels observed in the range of 0.0042 to
0.5263 m/year.
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Fig 3.6 Hydrogeology Map of Prakasam District
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3.9.5 Ground Water Resources
The main source of ground water recharge is by the rainfall by direct percolation to the
zone of saturation. A significant part of the rainfall is lost as runoff from area while a
limited percentage of rainfall therefore reaches zone of saturation and becomes the part of
ground water storage after meeting the evaporation and evapo-transpiration losses. There
is also ground water recharge from the return flow of irrigation water from drug wells
and tube wells operated by the cultivators and from canals.
The dynamic groundwater resources of Prakasam district has been estimated jointly by
CGWB and SWID. Govt of Andhra Pradesh, following the norms laid down by GEC-
1997 methodology is given in Table 3.16
Table 3.16 Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Prakasam District
S.No. Particulars Quantity (HAM)
1. Total annual replenishable ground water resources 172190
2. Natural discharge during non-monsoon period 16194
3. Net Annual Ground Water Availability 155996.3639
4. Total Annual Ground Water Draft 52747
5. Projected demand for Domestic and Industrial uses upto
2025
9677
6. Net Ground Water Availability for Future Irrigation use 100062
7. Stage of Ground Water Development (%) 34% (“SAFE”)
3.10 LAND USE AND LAND COVER
Land use Land Cover map is prepared by adopting interpretation techniques of the image
classification. Image classification has been done by using supervised classification of
satellite images by running an training sample manage based on colours, various
activities has been included in the preparation of Land Use Land Cover Maps such as
Satellite Image/Data Acquisition, Preprocessing, Rectification, Ground Truthing etc.,
Satellite Images are processed and producing LULC maps are being done by using Arc
GIS 10.6.
The basic purpose of land use pattern and classification in an EIA study is to identify the
manner in which different parts of land area is utilized or not utilized. Remote sensing
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data provides reliable accurate baseline information for land use mapping as it is a rapid
method of acquiring upto date information of over a largegeological area.
Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play an imperative role in identifying
susceptible issues and to take appropriate action to uphold ecological equilibrium in the
region. The main objective of this section is to provide a baseline status of the study area
covering 10 km radius around the proposed plant site so that temporal changes due to the
industrial activities on the surroundings can be assessed in future.
The objectives of Land use Pattern are to:
Determine the present Land use pattern
Analyze the impacts on Land use due to the proposed plant site in the study area
Study area with proposed unit as 10 km radius from the core area is considered for
land use study.
3.10.1 Methodology
The overall methodology adopted and followed to achieve the objectives of the present
study involve the following:
Procurement of Satellite images.
Collection of source data of Survey of India (SOI) toposheets. These are the main
inputs for the preparation of essential layers
Atmospheric and Radiometric corrections of Satellite data by using nearest
neighborhood resampling technique
Preparation of basic themes like layout map, transport & settlement map and contour
map from the source data. Then updating of layout map, transport map and drainage
map from the satellite image by visualinterpretation
Performing image analysis in ArcGIS and Extraction of whole satelliteimage into
study area, processing and producing various maps such asLULC, Contour Maps,
Digital Elevation Maps, Drainage Maps
Preliminary quality check and necessary corrections are carried out for all the maps.
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Fig 3.7 Methodology of Land Use/Land Cover
LULC Study:
The LULC Study has been done for the 10km radius area from the M/s. Pearl Distillery
Limited project site by using visual interpretation techniques in Arc GIS 10.6. Output of
the map has been provided in 1:50000 scale, along with LULC MAP 10km Radius False
Colour Composite Map and True Colour Composite maps also provided below.
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Fig 3.8 False colour composite map
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Fig 3.9 Satellite map around 10 km radius
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Interpretation
The area distributions along with percentage of different land use classes are listed below
in Table 3.17 and Figure 3.10
Total study area for the proposed project is 34291.25 Ha. Majority of the study area is
occupied by srub land 10660.47 Ha i.e., approx. 31.09%. Fallow land is 30.23%. Water
body is 4296.95 Ha. i.e. 12.53%. Agricultural land is 3927.08 Ha. i.e. 11.45%. Builtup
Area (Habitation) occupied 2236.91 Ha (6.52%). Sandy area and Dense Vegetation
occupied by 5.83% and 2.34% respectively.
Table 3.17 LULC clssification
S.No. Classification Area, Ha Percentage, %
1 Water Body 4296.95 12.53
2 Sandy Area or Dry Bed 2000.02 5.83
3 Agricultural Land 3927.08 11.45
4 Fallow Land 10367.42 30.23
5 Dense Vegetation 802.40 2.34
6 Scrub 10660.47 31.09
7 Habitation 2236.91 6.52
Total 34291.25 100.00
Fig 3.10 LULC classification
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Fig 3.11 Land use/ land cover map
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3.10.2 Digital Elevation Maps
A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography
or terrain. It is also widely known as a digital terrain model (DTM). A SRTM DEM file
has been used for preparation of Digital Elevation maps. In a DEM each cell having a
value corresponding to its elevation. By adding Hill shading tool, a reader can see the
relationship between terrain and other things. Digital Elevation Model or Digital Terrain
Model map has been shown in the Figure 3.12.
3.10.3 Contour Map
A contour line connects a series of equal elevation points, the contours have been
generated in the GIS environment with reference to the mean sea level by using the DEM
(Digital Elevation Model) data, the elevation values has been verified. Thereafter final
contour map has been prepared with combination of Toposheet and DEM ith contour
interval of 10 m. In the study area highest contour observed as 30 m of MSL and lowest
contour is 0m of MSL (Bay of Bengal) that is situated towards East direction of the
project site maximum elevation is 9 m of MSL situated towards south direction of the
project site. With reference to the above minimum and contour levels it represents that
the study area is more or less flat in nature. Contour Map for the proposed project study
area has been shown in the below Figure 3.13
3.10.4 Drainage Map
Drainage Map for the study area has been developed in the GIS Environment by using
Digital Elevation Model. Methodology involved for producing of Drainage maps has
been discussed below. Strahler method of ordering is used for developing drainage map
for the study area. Accuracy of the maps has been verified by using Ground Truthing
Technique. Stream Network of the study area as shown in the Figure 3.14.
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Fig 3.12 Digital Elevation Map
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Fig 3.13 Contour Map
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Fig 3.14 Drainage Map
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3.11 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
Study of biological environment is one of the important aspects for the Environmental
Impact Assessment, in view of the need for conservation of Environmental quality
and biodiversity of particular geographical area. Ecological systems show complex
interrelationship between biotic and abiotic components including dependence,
competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprises of plant and animal
communities which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the
Abiotic components viz. physical and chemical components of the environment.
Generally, biological communities are the good indicators of climatic and edaphic
factors. Studies on biological aspects of ecosystems are important in Environmental
Impact Assessment for safety of natural flora and fauna. Information on the important
of environmental stress on the community structure serves as an inexpensive and
efficient early warning system to check the damage to a particular ecosystem. The
biological environment includes mainly terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
The animal and plant communities exist in their natural habitats in well organized
manner. Their natural settings can be disturbed by any externally induced
anthropological activities or by naturally induced calamities or disaster. So, once this
setting is disturbed, it becomes practically impossible or takes a longer time to come
to its original state. Plants and animals are more susceptible to environmental stress.
A change in the composition of biotic communities reflected to distribution pattern of
natural species of flora and fauna existing in the ecosystem. The sensitivity of animal
and plant species to the changes occurring in their existing ecosystem can therefore,
be used for monitoring Environmental Impact Assessment studies of any project.
Objectives
(i) To study the present ecological status and biodiversity of core and buffer zones
of project areas
(ii) To generate baseline data on flora and fauna of core and buffer zones with
assessment of possible impacts
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Study area
The proposed project area i.e. core zone is existing distillery having production
blocks, lagoons, ETP, greenbelt and parking yard. Most of the buffer zone covered
with sparse vegetation like bushes wild Calotropis gigantea, Lantana camara and
some Poaceae species and common trees namely Azadirachta indica, Pongam tree
Ponggamia pinnata, Acacia species, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus mauritiana,
Borassus flabellifer, Phoenix sylvestris, and Prosopis juliflora etc. Land use and land
cover of the buffer zone doen’t have any National Parks or Wildlife Sanctuaries or
Biosphere reserves or important bird areas (IBAs) or Protected Wetlands within 10
km radius of the project site. Forests falling within 10km radius are namely
Ulavapadu RF 5.8 Km (S), Karedu RF 5.5 Km (SE), Chagollu RF 9.5 Km (S), and
Bhimavaram RF 9 Km (SW). These forests are scrub forest type which covered with
Acacia leucophloea, Acacia horrida, Acacia Senegal, Senna occidentalis, Euphorbia
antiquorum, Diospyros chloroxylon etc.
Buffer zone consists of agriculture fields, fallow lands, scrub forests, barren rocky
area some buildup area etc., Agriculture fields observed were Paddy (Oryza sativa),
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Maize (Zea mays) etc., legume fields like Pigeon
pea (Canjanas cajan) and apart from those commercial crops like Allium sp.,
Gossypium, Tobacco and also vegetables like Red chilies, Brinjal, Bhendi etc., are
grown in the buffer zone. Mango, Eucalyptus and Casurina plantations occupy about
20% of the area along coast and the rest is Agricultural land. Eucalyptus and Casurina
clones were also widely grown in pure cultures in agro forests for pulp wood.
Methodology
Flora
Vegetation and plant species composition observed and documented during field visit
in and around the plant in the month of Nov’2019 to Jan’2020. Besides primary
surveys in the existing plant, published literature and various floras were consulted to
prepare an inventory of plant species growing at project sites. The vegetation of the
study area is highly degraded and some areas consisting water bodies. The plant
diversity is classified into various plant groups such as tree, shrubs, herbs, climbers,
sedges and grasses. The plant diversity survey in the project area was undertaken
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during the summer season with the objectives of preparing a checklist of flora in the
study area. The list included total plant diversity belonging to various groups such as
agricultural crops, vegetable crops, and horticultural crops, natural and aquatic flora.
Fauna
Information pertaining to the existence of migratory corridors and breeding habitats of
endangered and threatened fauna were assessed based on the information provided by
the local inhabitants and forest department personnel. The conservation status of
each faunal species recorded from the project areas were ascertained as per schedules
of Indian wildlife (protection) Act, 1972 and IUCN Red Data Book (RDB).The
survey of faunal elements of core and buffer zone were assessed as per the following
sampling techniques:
Table 3.18 Mode of data collection and parameters considered during the survey
S.No. Aspect Data Mode of data
collection
Parameters
monitored
Remarks
1 Terrestrial
Biodiversity
Primary
data
collection
By field survey Flora and
faunal
diversity
For floral diversity:
Random survey,
Sampling survey/
Forest inventory,
walking transect,
collection and
identification with the
help of relevant
literature.
For faunal diversity:
Direct and indirect
sampling, walking
transect, point sampling
and nest sampling etc.
2 Secondary
data
collection
From authentic
sources like
published
Floral,
vegetation and
forest types
Data collected from the
working plan of the
region, forest types
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literature, AP
Forest
Department
books and BSI
and ZSI
published
articles etc.
studied from
Flora of
Prakasam
district and
Flora of
Andhra
Pradesh.
from the authentic
literature of Vegetation
types of India
(Champion and Seth)
Flora of Andhra
Pradesh (Pullaiah et al).
3 Aquatic
Biodiversity
Primary
data
By field survey Floral and
faunal
diversity
For plankton study-
Lackey’s drops method
and light microscope
For other aquatic –
Random survey,
opportunistic
observations
Secondary
data
collection
From authentic
sources like AP
Forest
department and
Fisheries
department
Flora of
Prakasam
district and
Flora of
Andhra
Pradesh.
Phytoplankton,
Zooplankton
and aquatic
fauna.
Desktop literature
review to identify the
representative spectrum
of threatened species,
population and
ecological
communities.
Enumeration of flora
The vegetation in the area is characterized by herbaceous vegetation growth. Trees in
the area are very sparse. Due to long anthropogenic pressures, the wild tree growth
has become almost confined to small trees. The core zone is primarily composed
production blocks, lagoons, ETP, greenbelt and parking yard. Conocarpus erectus is
widely growing in the greenbelt of proposed industry. Large areas of this land covered
with herbs and grasses. The buffer zone composed Singarayakonda town, paddy
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fields, plantations and small part of Bay of Bengal. These seedlings and saplings
represent the under growth and replace the shrubby vegetation. The list of plant
species explored from both core and buffer zone (Table 3.19) of the study areas.
Table 3.19 Enumeration of flora in the core and buffer zones
S.No. Plant name Family Vernacular name Habit
1 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Tutturabenda Herb
2 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Acacia Tree
3 Acanthus ilicifolius Acanthaceae Alasyakampa Shrub
4 Acalypha alnifolia Euphorbiaceae Herb
5 Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae Muripindi Herb
6 Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Dechena Herb
7 Aegiceras corniculatum Myrsinaceae Guggilam Tree
8 Aeluropus lagopoides Poaceae Grass
9 Aerva lanata Amaranthaceae Pindi kura Herb
10 Alloteropsis cimicina Poaceae Grass
11 Almania nodiflora Amaranthaceae Gurugu kura Herb
12 Alternanthera pungens Amaranthaceae Mullu ponnaganti Herb
13 Alternanthera sessilis Amaranthaceae Ponnaganti Herb
14 Alysicarpus monilifer Fabaceae Amera Herb
15 Amaranthus spinosa Amaranthaceae Needle burr Herb
16 Amaranthus viridis Amaranthaceae Thotkura Herb
17 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Jeedi Tree
18 Andrographis echioides Acanthaceae Herb
19 Annona squamosa Annonaceae Seetaphalamu Tree
20 Antigonon leptopus Polygonaceae Railway creeper Climber
21 Apluda mutica Poaceae Poleda Grass
22 Aristida adscensionis Poaceae Paraka gaddi Grass
23 Aristida setacea Poaceae Paraka gaddi Grass
24 Arundinella ciliata Poaceae Grass
25 Arundinella pumila Poaceae Grass
26 Asystasia gangetica Acanthaceae Lavanavalli Herb
27 Atylosia scaraboides Fabaceae Adavikandi Herb
28 Avicennia alba Avicenniaceae Gundumada Tree
29 Avicennia marina Avicenniaceae Tellamada Tree
30 Avicennia officinalis Avicenniaceae Nallamada Tree
31 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Vepa Tree
32 Blepharis molluginifolia Acanthaceae Herb
33 Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Atikamamidi Herb
34 Boerhavia erecta Nyctaginaceae Punarnava Herb
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35 Borassus flabellifer Arecaceae Thatichettu Tree
36 Borreria hispida Rubiaceae Madanaku Herb
37 Bougainvillea spectabilis Nyctaginaceae Kagithapulu Shrub
38 Brachiaria reptans Poaceae Anda korra Grass
39 Brachiaria semiverticellata Poaceae Korama gaddi Grass
40 Breynia vitis-idaea Phyllanthaceae Erra balii Shrub
41 Bruguiera gymnorhiza Rhizophoraceae Dudduponna Tree
42 Bulbostylis barbata Cyperaceae Sedge
43 Calotropis gigantea Asclepioadaceae Jilledu Shrub
44 Canavalia gladiata Fabaceae Tammakaya Climber
45 Canthium parvoflorum Rubiaceae Balusu Shrub
46 Cardispermum halicacabum Sapindaceae Buddabudasa Climber
47 Carissa spinarum Apocynaceae Vaaka Climber
48 Cassia occidentalis Caesalpiniaceae Kasintha Herb
49 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae Kajurina Tree
50 Ceriops decandra Rhizophoraceae Gedara Tree
51 Chloris barbata Poaceae Uppu gaddi Grass
52 Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae Kampurodda Shrub
53 Cleome viscosa Cleomaceae Kukkavaminta Herb
54 Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae Kakidonda Climber
55 Coccinia indica Cucurbitaceae Donda Climber
56 Commelina benghalensis Commelinaceae Kodukalu Sedge
57 Corchorus acutangulus Tiliaceae Nelabera Herb
58 Crotalaria hebecarpa Fabaceae Herb
59 Crotalaria verrucosa Fabaceae Giligicha Herb
60 Croton bonplandianum Euphorbiaceae Galivanamokka Herb
61 Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Gariki Grass
62 Cynotis axillaris Commelinaceae Golla gundi Sedge
63 Cyperus castaneus Cyperaceae Sedge
64 Cyperus compressus Cyperaceae Sedge
65 Cyperus iria Cyperaceae Sedge
66 Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Thunga Sedge
67 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae Crow foot Grass
68 Datura stramonium Solanaceae Ummetha Shrub
69 Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae Munta mandhu Herb
70 Digitaria ciliaris Poaceae Grass
71 Dipteracanthus prostratus Acanthaceae Bell weed Herb
72 Dodonaea viscosa Sapindaceae Bandaru Shrub
73 Eclipta prostrata Asteraceae Bringaraj Herb
74 Emilia sonchifolia Asteraceae Herb
75 Eragrostis poaeoides Poaceae Gobbi gaddi Grass
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76 Eragrostis tenella Poaceae Small blade grass Grass
77 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Nanubalu Herb
78 Evolvulus alsynoides Convolvulaceae Vishnukrantha Herb
79 Evolvulus nummularius Convolvulaceae Herb
80 Excoecaria agollocha Euphorbiaceae Chilla Tree
81 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae Banyan tree Tree
82 Ficus religiosa Moraceae Indian peepal tree Tree
83 Fimbristylis congesta Cyperaceae Sedge
84 Fimbristylis dichotoma Cyperaceae Sedge
85 Glinus lotoides Aizoaceae Herb
86 Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae Gummudu teku Tree
87 Gomphrena decumbens Amaranthaceae Neeru bogada Herb
88 Hedyotis corymbosa Rubiaceae Herb
89 Hedyotis herbacea Rubiaceae Herb
90 Hemidesmus indicus Asclepiadaceae Indian Sarsaparila Climber
91 Hibiscus vitifolia Malvaceae Nalla benda Herb
92 Hybanthus ennaespermus Violaceae Ratnapurusha Herb
93 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae Sima tulasi Herb
94 Indigofera aspalathoides Fabaceae Nela Vempali Herb
95 Indigofera ennaephylla Fabaceae Yerra palleru Herb
96 Ipomoea obscura Convolvulaceae Herb
97 Ipomoea pes-tigridis Convolvulaceae Tiger's Foot Herb
98 Jatropha gossypifolia Euphorbiaceae Seema nepalamu Herb
99 Justicia procumbens Acanthaceae Herb
100 Kyllinga nemoralis Cyperaceae Herb
101 Lantana camara Verbenaceae Gajupulu Shrub
102 Launaea sarmentosa Asteraceae Beach Launaea Herb
103 Leucas aspera Lamiaceae Tella tummi Herb
104 Lindernia pusilla Scrophulariaceae Herb
105 Ludwigia perennis Onagraceae Herb
106 Lumnitzera racemosa Combrataceae Thanduga Tree
107 Melochia corchorifolia Sterculiaceae Herb
108 Merremia tridentata Convolvulaceae Herb
109 Micrococca mercurialis Euphorbiaceae Herb
110 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Attipatti Herb
111 Mollugo nudicaulis Molluginaceae Pedda paripata Herb
112 Morinda tinctoria Rubiaceae Thogaru Tree
113 Ocimum americanum Lamiaceae Bhutulasi Herb
114 Opuntia dillenii Cactaceae Slipper Thorn Shrub
115 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Pulichinta Herb
116 Pandanus fascicularis Pandanaceae Mogali Tree
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117 Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae Vayyaribama Herb
118 Paspalum scrobiculatum Poaceae Udhalu Grass
119 Passiflora foetida Passifloraceae Tella jumiki Climber
120 Pavonia odorata Malvaceae Chitti benda Herb
121 Pavonia zeylanica Malvaceae Karu benda Herb
122 Pedalium murex Pedaliaceae Pedda palleru Herb
123 Pennisetum orientale Poaceae Fox tail grass Grass
124 Pergularia daemia Asclepiadaceae Duchaputeega Climber
125 Perotis indica Poaceae Indian Comet Grass
Grass
126 Phoenix lourerii Arecaceae Chitti eetha Shrub
127 Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae Date palm Tree
128 Phragmites karka Poaceae Eela karra Grass
129 Phyla nodiflora Verbenaceae Mosalipappu Herb
130 Phyllanthus amarus Euphorbiaceae Nela usiri Herb
131 Phyllanthus debilis Euphorbiaceae Herb
132 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis
Euphorbiaceae Ranavali Herb
133 Phyllanthus virgatus Euphorbiaceae Herb
134 Pithecelobium dulce Mimosaceae Simachinta Tree
135 Polycarpea corymbosa Caryophyllaceae Bommasari Herb
136 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Kanuga Tree
137 Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Sarkaruthumma Tree
138 Rhizophora apiculata Rhizophoraceae Uppu ponna Tree
139 Rhynchosia minima Fabaceae Nela alumu Herb
140 Rothia indica Fabaceae Nucha kura Herb
141 Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae Chetapatakaayala mokka
Herb
142 Sacharum spantaneum Poaceae Rella gaddi Grass
143 Sapindus emarginatus Sapindaceae Kunkudu Tree
144 Scoparia dulces Scrophulariaceae Herb
145 Sebastiania chamaelea Euphorbiaceae Kuruvika Herb
146 Setaria pumila Poaceae Nakkakora Grass
147 Setaria verticillata Cyperaceae Bristly fox tail Grass
148 Sida acuta Malvaceae Chittemu Herb
149 Sida cordata Malvaceae Gayapaku Herb
150 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Chiru benda Herb
151 Solanum indicum Solanaceae Vankudu Shrub
152 Solanum surattense Solanaceae Nelamulaka Herb
153 Sorghum halepanse Poaceae Gala Grass
154 Spinifex littoreus Poaceae Ravanasura meesalu
Grass
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155 Suaeda maritima Chenopodiaceae Ilakura Herb
156 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Neredu Tree
157 Tamarindus indica Fabaceae Chinta Tree
158 Tephrosia purpurea Fabaceae Vempali Herb
159 Tephrosia villosa Fabaceae Nugu vempali Herb
160 Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Nalla maddi Tree
161 Thespecia populnea Malvaceae Gangaravi Tree
162 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae Indian tulip Tree
163 Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Tippateega Climber
164 Tragia involucrata Euphorbiaceae Duradagondi Herb
165 Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae Palleru Herb
166 Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Gaddichamanti Herb
167 Triumfetta rhomboidea Tiliaceae Dekki Herb
168 Tylophora indica Asclepioadaceae Goripala Herb
169 Typha angustata Typhaceae Herb
170 Vernonia cinerea Asteraceae Garita kammi Herb
171 Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae Nallabenda Herb
172 Wattaka volubilis Asclepioadaceae Pala teega Climber
173 Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae Ankudu Tree
174 Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae Marulamatangi Herb
175 Ziziphus jijuba Rhamnaceae Regu Climber
176 Zornia diphylla Fabaceae Herb
177 Zornia gibbosa Fabaceae Herb
Faunal diversity
To prepare a detailed report on the status of wildlife biodiversity within 10 km radial
area of buffer zone to assess the impacts due to the project activity and evolve suitable
mitigation measures to protect and conserve wildlife biodiversity following
components were studied:
a. Wildlife survey
b. Habitat study
c. Distribution/Status of Birds
d. Threatened category of fauna
e. Specific local characteristics of biodiversity in the study area
Fauna in core zone
Two mammal species i.e. Funambulus pennantii (Five stripped squirrel) was sighted
from this zone while presence of Indian Hare, i.e. Lepus nigricollis was confirmed at
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project site through indirect sightings. One species of reptile i.e. Calotes versicolor
(Indian Garden Lizard) and bird species like common crow, Indian Robin, Indian
Roller, Black Drongo and Indian Tree pie were sighted in the project site.
Delonix regia Ficus hispida
Dichrostachys cinerea Acacia nilotica
’ Cordia dichotama
Borassus flabellifer
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Lantana camara
Jatropha gossypifolia
Calotropis gigantea Calotropis procera
Agave americana Argemone mexicana
Euphorbia hirta
Tridax procumbens
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Tephrosia purpurea
Cassia siamea
Fig 3.15 Flora observed in the study area
Fauna in buffer zone
Additionally reference of relevant literatures (published/unpublished) and dialogues
with local people were also varied out to consolidate the presence of faunal
distribution in the area Systematic account of the fauna along with birds in the study
area with the status of occurrence is given in the Table 3.20
Table 3.20 Checklist of fauna observed in the study area
S.No. Scientific name Common name Vernacular name
Schedule
Mammals
1 Petaurista philippensis Brown flying squirrel Chettu udutha IV
2 Varanus indicus Common Mongoose Mungisa IV
3 Vulpes bengalensis Bengal fox Guntanakka IV
4 Bandikota indica Bandicoot Rat Pandikokku IV
5 Rattus rattus House rat Yeluka IV
6 Rattus nitidus Indian field rat Yeluka IV
7 Pteropus giganteus Indian flying fox Gabbilamu IV
8 Lepus nigricollis Indian hare Kundelu IV
9 Canis aureus Jackal Nakka IV
10 Hystix indica Poprcupine Mullapandi IV
11 Funambulus pennant Northern palm squirrel
Udutha IV
12 Sus scrofa Wild boar Adavipandi III
Reptiles
13 Bangarus caeruleus Common Krait Katlapamu IV
14 Daboia russelli Russell's viper Ralthapinajri Notlisted
15 Ptyas mucosa Ratsnake Jerripothu IV
16 Ahaetulla nasuta Tree snake Pachari pamu IV
17 Typhlops porrectus Blind snake Guddipamu IV
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18 Varanus monitor Monitor Liazard Udumu I
19 Hemidactylus frenatus Wall Lizard Balli IV
20 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard Thonda IV
Aves
21 Ardeola grayi Pond heron Guddi konga IV
22 Apus apus Common swift IV
23 Dicrurus macrocercus Black drongo kathiripitta IV
24 Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Palapitta IV
25 Merops orientalis Green bee-eater Passeriki IV
26 Turoides striatus Jungle babbler Chataka pakshi IV
27 Corvus splendens Crow Kaki Notlisted
28 Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle crow Adavikaki Notlisted
29 Cuculus canorus Cuckoo Kokila IV
30 Streptopelia decactao Ring Dove Kapothamu IV
31 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Konga Notlisted
32 Egretta garzetta Little Egret Konga Notlisted
33 Eudynamus scolopaceus Koel Kokila IV
34 Lonchura striata White rumped munia Gorapitta IV
35 Sturnus pagodarum Brahminy starling Goruvanka Notlisted
36 Acridotheres tristis Common myna Myna Notlisted
37 Glaucidium radiatum Jungle Owlet Adavigudlaguba IV
38 Athene brama Spotted Owlet Gudlaguba IV
39 Psittacula eupatria Parakeet Chiluka Notlisted
40 Francolinus pondicerianus
Grey partridge Chakoramu Notlisted
41 Columba livia Rock Dove Pavuramu IV
42 Saxocoloides fulicata Indian Robin Kalchuri IV
43 Apus affinis Little Swift Babila Notlisted
44 Milvus migrans Common kite Gradda IV
45 Haliastur indicus Brahminy kite Brahmini gradda IV
46 Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Vanakovela Notlisted
Amphibians
47 Rana hexadactyla Ordinary frog Kappa Notlisted
48 Bufo melanosticatus South Indian Toad Boduru Kappa Notlisted
49 Hyla arborea Tree frog Notlisted
50 Rana tigrina Tiger frog Kappa Notlisted
Butterflies
51 Neptis hylas Common Sailor IV
52 Junonia rithya Blue pansy IV
53 Preais iphita Chocolate pansy IV
54 Junonia hierta Yellow pansy IV
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55 Aethriamanta brevipennis
Dragon flies
56 Brachythemis contaminata
57 Bradenopyga geminate
58 Diplacodes trivialis
59 Orhtetrum sabina
60 Pantala flavescens
61 Ryothemis variegata
62 Trithemis aurora
Aquatic Ecosystem
Manneru River, Karedu cheruvu, Binginipalle cheruvu, Kotta cheruvu and other
seasonal ponds is available in the study area. Plankton is an important component of
ecosystem, which responds to ecosystem alterations rather rapidly. It is due to the fact
that planktonic organisms, which react to different types of water pollution, play a key
role in turnover of organic matter and energy through the ecosystem. This reaction is
very rapid because of relatively short life time and high reproduction rates of the
organisms. Availability of more macrophytes (aquatic plants) and algae, which are
related to the primary production and organic carbon in water bodies, shows the
ecosystem as satisfactory for the normal growth and propagation of aquatic animals.
Methodology
Collection and preservation of Phytoplankton sample: The plankton samples were
collected from sub surface water. In the case of phytoplankton, 500 ml sample water
was collected in polyethylene bottles and 1ml of Lugol’s solution was added for
fixation and preservation. The samples were centrifuged and decanted. A volume of
10 ml was collected in double stoppered polyethylene bottles for further qualitative
analysis of phytoplankton. Identification of phytoplankton was dome with the help of
standard books and monographs (Turner, 1892; smith, 1924, Ward and Whipple
1959).
Collection and preservation of Zooplankton sample: The zooplankton samples were
collected by filtering 100 liters of sub-surface water through plankton net made up of
bolting silk cloth no 20. A sub sample of 30 ml was collected again, in polyethylene
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double stoppered bottles and 4-5 drops of formalin and glycerin were added. The
samples were stored for further qualitative and quantitative study of zooplanktonic
organism. The identification of zooplankton was done up to species in most cases,
according to the reference books including that of Ward and Wipples (1959), Koste
(1978), Battish (1992) and Dhanapathi (2000).
Intermediate Egret
Spotted Dove
Indian Roller Rose ringed Parakeet
Little Ringed Plover Grey Heron
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House Sparrow
Skylark
Fig 3.16 Fauna observed in the study area
Collection and preservation of macro-invertebrate and benthic samples: Samples have
been collected on monthly basis with the help of Ekman’s dredge, scoop and D-frame
nets. Samples were sieved through a sieve having mesh size of 0.5 to 0.6 mm. The
animals were picked up by hand picking and preserved in 4% formalin solution.
Phytoplankton and Zooplankton
In general, phytoplankton and zooplankton population was low in the water bodies.
Different species from various groups of Phytoplankton & Zooplankton were given in
Tables 3.21 & 3.22.
Table 3.21 Freshwater Phytoplankton from the study area
S.No. Group Species
1
Bacillariophyceae
Diatoma sp.
Gomphonema sp.
Navicula sp.
Nitzschia sp.
Ankistrodesmus sp.
Chlorococcum sp.
Chlorella sp.
2
Chlorophyceae
Closterium sp.
Pandorina sp.
Anabaena sp.
Anacystis sp.
Spirulina sp.
3
Cyanophyceae
Merismopedia sp.
Phormidium sp.
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Euglena sp.
4 Euglenophycea Phacus sp.
Table 3.22 Freshwater Zooplankton from the Study Area
S. No. Group Species
1 Copepoda
Cyclops sp.
Pseudocyclops sp.
Nauplius larva
2
Rotifera
Asplanchna sp.
Brachionus sp.
Conochilus sp
Keratella tropica
Trichocera sp.
3 Cladocera
Daphnia sp.
Diaphanosoma sp.
Aquatic flora and fauna
There are several small village tanks on all sides and Manneru river within the 10 Km
buffer zone. Most tanks were either totally or partially dry during the period of
survey. The coast of Bay of Bengal is present within the buffer zone of 10 Km., the
present survey is confined to fresh water environment only. Apart from the River and
the tanks, the aquatic environment is also represented by paddy fields and a few
stagnant water ponds. In addition to these village tanks, drains, and paddy fields
provide the aquatic habitat for a variety of very common aquatic plants and
animals. All the aquatic plant species listed in Table 3.23 is found in the study
area only.
Table 3.23 List of aquatic / semi aquatic macrophytes found in the study area
Scientific name Family Status
Acanthus ilicifolius L. Acanthaceae Locally dominant
Ammannia baccifera L. Lythraceae Very common medicinal plant
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.
Solanaceae Predominant occasionally
Azolla pinnata R. Br. Azollaceae Scattered and common
Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Poaceae Sporadic
Carex cruciata Wahlenb. Cyperaceae Occasional
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Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Apiaceae In localized patches
Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Poaceae Occasional
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Araceae Occasional
Cyperus exaltatus Retz. Cyperaceae Locally abundant
Cyperus pangorei Rottb. Cyperaceae Scattered
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Poaceae Occasional
Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P.Beauv. Poaceae Occasional Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Pontederiaceae Extensive and widespread
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Convolvulaceae Extensive and widespread
Ludwigia perennis L. Onagraceae Occasional
Marsilea quadrifolia L. Marsiliaceae Very common Pteridophyte
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nelumbiaceae Very common
Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. Nympheaceae Widely scattered
Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f. Nympheaceae Widely scattered
Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze
Nympheaceae Scattered
Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze Nympheaceae Scattered
Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Occasional
Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf
Poaceae Common
Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud.
Cyperaceae Occasional
Pistia stratiotes L. Araceae Widespread
Typha angustifolia L. Typhaceae Extensive and widespread
Freshwater fishes
Followed by agriculture, fishery is the major profession in the study area. Nearly all
fishermen use traditional method of fishing i.e. trapa, gillnet and cast net. A list of
fresh water fishes is given in Table 3.24
Table 3.24 Freshwater fishes from the study area
S.No. Scientific name Common name
1 Catla catla Catla
2 Labeo rohita Rui
3 Cyprinus carpio nudus Common carp
4 Notopterus chitala Chital
5 Mystus vittatus Tengra
6 Heteropneustes fossilis Shingi
7 Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal
8 Chanda nama Chand mach
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9 Channa gachua Gachua
10 Chana striata Snakehead murrel
11 Barilius bola Bhol
12 Puntius sophore Bhadi punti
13 Oxygaster bacaila Chela
14 Anabas testudineus Koi
15 Oreochromis niloticus niloticus
Nilotica
16 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Silver carp
17 Puntius sarana Shorpunti
Mangroves
Mangroves were not found during the present survey in Manneru backwaters area.
Mangrove is a tree or shrub which grows in tidal, tropical waters and coastal swamps
having numerous tangled roots that grow above the ground and forms dense thickets.
Assemblages of mangrove woody trees and shrubs are called mangrove
forests/swamps. 14 mangroves and their associates belonging to 9 families were
observed in the study area (Table 3.25).
Table 3.25 List of mangroves in the study area
S.No. Botanical name Family Vernacular name
1 Acanthus ilicifolius L. Acanthaceae Alasyakampa
2 Avicennia alba Blume Bijdr. Avicenniaceae Tella mada
3 Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Avicenniaceae Tella mada
4 Clerodenrdum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Fruct Verbenaceae Pisingi
5 Ipomoea pescaprae (L.) R.Br. Convolvulaceae Balabantatiga
6 Ipomoea tuba L. Convolvulaceae --
7 Rhizophora apiculata Blume. Rhizophoraceae Uppu ponna
8 Rhizophora mucronata Poir. In lam Rhizophoraceae Uppu ponna, Kandla
9 Salicornia brachiata Roxb. Chenopodiaceae Kagalu
10 Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Aizoaceae Vangaredukura
11 Spinifex littoreus (Burm.f.) Merr Poaceae Ravanasura meesalu
12 Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. Chenopodiaceae Ila kura
13 Suaeda nudiflora (Willd.) Moq. Chenopodiaceae Eruponku
14 Thespecia populneoides (Roxb.) Kostel. Malavaceae Gangaravi
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Marine Ecology
Introduction
The evolution of life forms in the sea has a much longer history than that on land, and
as a result, the diversity of life forms in the sea is far greater than that on land. The sea
contains forty phyla, of which fifteen are exclusively marine, whereas there is only
one phylum restricted to life on land. The diversity of animal life forms is particularly
large in the ocean, where thirty-four of the thirty-seven animal phyla are present. Yet,
the number of known marine animal species appears to be less percent of that on land,
despite the greater space available for life in the ocean.
Biological status of an area is an essential prerequisite for environmental impact
assessment and can be evolved by selecting a few reliable parameters from a complex
ecosystem. Whenever we consider assessment of the implications of environmental
pollution, we must be aware of the fact that despite many changes it may cause in the
physic-chemical properties of water body and seabed sediment, the ultimate
consequences are inevitably of biological nature.
The biological parameters considered in the present study are primarily production,
phytoplankton biomass, diversity and population, zooplankton biomass, diversity and
population, macrobenthic diversity and population, and fishery of the region.
Phytoplankton and zooplankton reflect the productivity of a water column at primary
and secondary levels. Benthic organisms being sedimentary animals associated with
the seabed, provide information regarding the integrated effects of stress due to
disturbances, if any, and hence are good indicators of early warning of potential
damage.
Methodology
Phytoplankton
Few horizontal hauls were made to collect plankton samples using plankton nets with
a mesh size of 50µm and 120 µm. Samples were immediately transported to the
laboratory and preserved in 40% formalin. After thoroughly shaking the concentrate
sample, an aliquote sub-sample (1ml), was transferred on to a microscopic slide
examined. On an average, five such replicates were taken and the results computed
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for 1 ml of the concentrated sediment samples and identified using Edmondson (1959)
and Anand (1988).
Zooplankton
For the qualitative and quantitative analysis of zooplankton, an aliquote sub sample (2
ml) was taken from the concentrated sample, after thoroughly shaking and ensuring
uniform distribution of the plankton, were qualitatively enumerated. Five such
enumerations were made and averages were calculated for each 1 ml of sample
(Battish 1992).
The investigation was initiated at the Bay of Bengal coast and followed up to creek
entrance. The total study area is divided into six field sites such as core area, and
buffer area based on the richness of vegetation. Occurrence and distribution of plant
and faunal species were recorded in the core and buffer areas.
Observations
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton was represented by diatoms, dinoflagellates, blue-green algae and
silicoflagellates/radiolarians. The highest percent group abundance was of diatoms,
followed by blue-green algae while the lowest was by silicoflagellates/radiolarians.
Phytoplankton was mainly comprises by Chaetoceros sp., Rhizosolenia sp.,
Biddulphia sp., Coscinodiscus sp., Thalassiothrix, Fragilaria sp., Lauderia sp.,
Ceratium sp., Dinophysis sp., and Navicula sp. The phytoplankton density varied
from 2500 to 48600 Nos/L.
Zooplankton
Zooplankton was dominated by copepods and larvae of invertebrates and finfish.
Clupeids and Mullets mainly formed the finfish fishery and Penaeus sp. and Neptunus
sp. Belongs to crustacean fishery.
Zooplankton in the vicinity of the proposed project (in study area) is represented by
medusae (Obelia, Liriope), siphonophores ( Lensia. Dimophyes), ctenophores (Beroe,
Pleurobrachia), chetognaths (Sagitta inflata), cladocerans (Evadnae), calanoid
copepods (Calanus, Rhinocalanus), amphipods (Hyperia), decapods (Lucifer) and
larval forms (nauplii, zoeae, megalopas, veligers) with predominance of calanoid
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copepods (80-90% the zooplankton density fluctuated from 1700 to 17500 Nos/L.
They include the finfish genera Sardinella, Hilsa, Thryssa, Liza, Johnius, Ambassis,
Pomadasys, Stolephorus etc. The shrimps include Penaeus indicus, Metapenaeus
monoceros, Penaeus monodon etc. The crabs were represented by Neptunus
pelagicus, Scylla serrata and Charybdis cruciata.
Marine Fishery
Nearly 10% of the study area is represented by open sea that is the Bay of Bengal, and
thus marine fisheries are an important aspect of the study area. List of marine fishes in
the study area is given in Table 3.26
Table 3.26 Marine fishes from the study area
S.No Scientific name Common name Family
1 Cirrhinus mrigala White carp Cyprinidae
2 Channa punctata Spotted Snake Head Channidae
3 Megalops cyprinoides Herring Megalopidae
4 Chanos chanos Milk Fish Channidae
5 Mugil cephalus Flathead Grey Mullet Mugilidae
6 Elops machnata Tenpounder Elopidae
7 Labeo rohita Rohu Cyprinidae
8 Velamugil cunnesius Longarm Mullet Mugilidae
9 Liza parsia Gold-spot Mullet Mugilidae
10 Liza macrolepis Largescale Mullet Mugilidae
11 Pampus chinensis Chinese silver promfret Stromateidae
12 Rastrelliger kanagurta Rake-grilled Mackerel Scombridae
13 Trichurus savala Large Head Ribbon Trichiuridae
14 Nemipterus japonicas Thread Fin Bream Nemipteridae
15 Carcharhinus ellioti Snaggletooth shark Hemigaleidae
16 Elops saurus Lady Fish Elopidae
17 Lates calcarifer Barramundi Latidae
18 Tilapia mossambica Mouth brooder Cichlidae
19 Arius jella Blackfin Sea Catfish Ariidae
20 Anabas testudineus Climbing perch Anabantidae
21 Ameiurus catus White Catfish Ictaluridae
22 Sepia apama Cuttle Fish, Shell Fish Sepiidae
23 Pungasius pungasius Catfish Pangasiidae
24 Epinephelus areolatus Hontu Serranidae
25 Parapenaeopsis uncta Parole Shrimp Palaemonidae
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3.12 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Overview
The socio-economic baseline aimed on demographic patterns, economic and
livelihood profile and infrastructure facilities, risks and opportunities – from the
proponent’s perspective – and to provide policy and planning options for mitigating
negative impacts and enhancing project benefits. Essential elements of the study
approach were its strategic, issues-based and participatory nature. The impact
assessment will envisage and evaluate any potential impacts of the proposed project
on the local community, livelihoods and other social systems.
Methodology
Aim and objectives:
The study area presented in the socio-economic baseline comprises of the following:
Proposed project location – within the limits Pearl Distillery Limited is located
at Old Singarayakonda Village, Singarayakonda Mandal in Prakasam district
of Andhra Pradesh. India.
To identify the potential socio-economic positive and negative impacts of the
proposed project;
To develop attainable mitigation measures to enhance positive impacts and
reduce or avoid negative impacts; and
To develop management and monitoring measures to be implemented
throughout the life of the project.
Procedure and data collection
The socio-economic baseline has been prepared in two folds of secondary and primary
methods.
The secondary data mainly focused on studies include of review of published
secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks- 2011 and Primary Census
Abstract of Census-2011), and other govt related govt office and web sources of
available secondary sources of information as well as select primary consultations
in the vicinity of the project area with respect to population, density, household
size, sex ratio, social stratification, literacy rate and occupational structure for 10
km radius study area.
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The primary data were collected through Individual Questionnaire Survey (IQS)
and Focused Group Discussions (FGD). Samples of 85 persons are participated
from various communities. Data will be been analyzed by using SPSS. It measures
the impacts on proposed project in various aspects, awareness of the project and
community perceptions about the proposed project and other related information.
District Profile and Population
Prakasam district is an administrative district in the Coastal Andhra region of
the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The headquarters of the district are located
at Ongole. It is located on the western shore of Bay of Bengal and is bounded
by Guntur district on the north, Kurnool district on the west, Kadapa and Nellore
districts on the south. A part of North West region also borders the Mahabubnagar
district of Telangana. It is the 3rd largest district in the state with an area of
17,626 km2 (6,805 sq mi).
Brief Profile of the District
Prakasam district is located on the East-side of Bay of Bengal North side is Guntur
district, and South Western side of Kurnool and Y.S.R.Kadapa district and South side
of Nellore district. The 56 Mandals were organized into 3 Revenue Divisions i.e.,
Ongole, Kandukur and Markapur. And remained undisturbed till date. there are 1081
Villages in 2011 Census of which (96 Uninhabited and 985 habited), 56 Mandals
(Rural) 3 Revenue Divisions, 13 towns (4 Statutory as Municipalities and 9 census
towns) and 2 urban Agglomerations.
In 2011, Prakasam had population of 3,397,448 of which male and female were
1,714,764 and 1,682,684 respectively. Average literacy rate of the district in 2011
were 63.08 compared to 57.38 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male
and female literacy were 72.92 and 53.11 respectively. Total literate were 1,904,435
of which male and female were 1,107,686 and 796,749 respectively. With regards to
Sex Ratio in Prakasam, it stood at 981 per 1000. There were total 378,261 children
under age of 0-6 years sex ratio is 932 girls per 1000 boys.
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Demographical details of the study area.
The study area is located in 5 mandals of Singarayakonda, Ulavapadu, Kandukur,
Zarugumilli, 72 villages with 68866 households. The total population in the study area
is 2, 66,709 with male 133273 and female 1,33,436. Children (0-6 Years age) in the
area are 27,237. The SC and ST population are 74,533 and 20,267 respectively. The
total literates and illiterates are 148037 and 118670.
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Table 3.27 Demographic details of the study area
S.No. Name No_HH TOT_P TOT_M TOT_F P_06 P_SC P_ST P_LIT P_ILL
1 Tangutur 16290 62618 31172 31446 5713 23667 1735 37534 25084
2 Konijedu 1083 4005 1993 2012 321 806 14 2023 1982
3 Ponduru 932 3746 1882 1864 368 1287 194 2098 1648
4 M.Nidamalur 1033 3847 1895 1952 319 1844 2 2486 1361
5 Marlapadu 710 2808 1420 1388 276 1175 35 1720 1088
6 Kandukur 785 3227 1610 1617 347 1541 30 1524 1703
7 Karumanchi 1048 4031 2026 2005 405 2092 223 2172 1859
8 Jayavaram 435 1627 813 814 182 751 52 878 749
9 Mallavar Padu 495 1823 917 906 135 352 139 1136 687
10 Valluru 931 3476 1683 1793 305 1011 43 2342 1134
11 Vasepallepadu 253 1044 532 512 120 412 4 496 548
12 Turupunaidupalem 507 1913 975 938 148 572 157 1379 534
13 Tangutur 7200 27652 13674 13978 2449 10262 720 17309 10343
14 Ananthavaram 650 2447 1247 1200 251 933 122 1462 985
15 Velagapudi 228 972 505 467 87 629 0 509 463
16 Zarugumilli 10882 42866 21617 21249 4433 14912 1699 23838 19028
17 Narasimhanayani Khandrika 358 1465 742 723 173 364 26 664 801
18 Vardhineni Palem 497 1919 999 920 230 421 40 818 1101
19 Patcheva 597 2721 1382 1339 338 1231 46 1237 1484
20 Kamepalle Agraharam 78 244 121 123 20 46 0 125 119
21 Kame Palle 878 3284 1685 1599 355 722 73 1795 1489
22 Chatukupadu 370 1555 780 775 194 996 85 824 731
23 Paidi Padu 886 3428 1730 1698 361 796 10 2065 1363
24 Ramachandrapuram 261 976 494 482 89 384 0 571 405
25 Narasingolu 433 1941 994 947 190 470 30 1036 905
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26 Yeduluru Padu 700 2710 1385 1325 264 659 248 1395 1315
27 Chirrikura Padu 520 2225 1102 1123 214 883 45 1401 824
28 Davagudur 419 1601 819 782 131 391 85 989 612
29 Thumadu 416 1458 706 752 126 750 88 912 546
30 Paleti Padumacharlavari Khandrika
66 376 204 172 57 376 0 216 160
31 Paleti Padu 527 2038 1019 1019 187 762 20 1216 822
32 Vavileti Padu 484 2017 1008 1009 205 994 152 1088 929
33 Zarugumilli 1494 5912 3003 2909 579 2883 155 3556 2356
34 N.M.V. Khandrika 24 98 48 50 7 0 10 58 40
35 Nandanavanam 598 2310 1133 1177 226 739 18 1204 1106
36 K.Bitragunta 1276 4588 2263 2325 487 1045 568 2668 1920
37 Kandukur 10182 41523 21017 20506 4219 12108 2253 21135 20388
38 G.Meka Padu 256 1237 634 603 135 653 0 634 603
39 Pandalapadu 331 1173 580 593 119 385 0 758 415
40 Jillelamudi 432 1713 866 847 139 321 47 1037 676
41 Vikkiralapeta 331 1493 753 740 138 545 82 746 747
42 Palukur 1436 5849 2998 2851 605 1800 235 2660 3189
43 Kondikandukur 380 1587 809 778 185 527 7 803 784
44 Kovur 527 2246 1152 1094 175 571 135 1121 1125
45 Anantha Sagaram 275 1115 551 564 150 391 0 557 558
46 Mahadevapuram (R) 954 3512 1771 1741 326 542 491 1787 1725
47 Ogur 788 3319 1648 1671 365 993 114 1793 1526
48 Kancharagunta 181 805 405 400 90 319 0 341 464
49 Kondamudusu Palem 748 2886 1434 1452 263 619 84 1379 1507
50 Anandapuram 584 2547 1310 1237 259 855 49 1369 1178
51 Mopadu 710 3010 1504 1506 298 685 97 1414 1596
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52 Machavaram 1632 6415 3259 3156 705 1711 463 3187 3228
53 Madanagopalapuram 94 409 217 192 40 246 120 236 173
54 Palur 397 1730 887 843 182 786 329 995 735
55 Donda Padu 126 477 239 238 45 159 0 318 159
56 Singarayakonda 17272 65784 32495 33289 6937 12099 6481 38145 27639
57 Kalikivaya 669 2340 1109 1231 195 859 31 1183 1157
58 Kanumalla 604 2727 1302 1425 236 332 307 1571 1156
59 Sanampudi 985 4264 2120 2144 467 1996 211 2124 2140
60 Singarayakonda 1344 4924 2492 2432 577 982 1649 2093 2831
61 Somarajupalle 1669 6291 3121 3170 685 1036 1566 3470 2821
62 Pakala 4083 14467 7336 7131 1720 2744 353 7164 7303
63 Bingini Palle 1166 4226 2120 2106 409 803 838 2088 2138
64 Mulaguntapadu (CT) 1858 7145 3650 3495 677 1285 162 5252 1893
65 Singarayakonda (RS) (CT) 4894 19400 9245 10155 1971 2062 1364 13200 6200
66 Ulavapadu 14240 53918 26972 26946 5935 11747 8099 27387 26531
67 Atmakur 464 1818 911 907 170 840 2 1033 785
68 Manneti Kota 732 2877 1462 1415 272 801 554 1592 1285
69 Karedu 3452 12573 6287 6286 1413 1431 2970 5953 6620
70 K.Rajupalem 3385 13106 6480 6626 1372 3786 1733 8059 5047
71 Bheemavaram 1280 5321 2723 2598 597 1837 53 2917 2404
72 Baddepudi 473 1773 899 874 175 792 17 871 902
73 Krishnapuram 329 1505 729 776 203 74 219 489 1016
74 Veerepalle 606 2069 1005 1064 255 511 995 793 1276
75 Chagallu 705 2418 1197 1221 231 421 587 1019 1399
76 Chaki Cherla 2223 8222 4129 4093 1011 937 800 3493 4729
77 Ramayapatnam 591 2236 1150 1086 236 317 169 1168 1068
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Economy
The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is ₹35,962 crore and it
contributes 6.9% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14,
the per capita income at current prices was ₹85,765. The primary, secondary and tertiary
sectors of the district contribute ₹12,875 crore , ₹7,897 crore and ₹15,190
crore respectively. The major products contributing to the GVA of the district from
agriculture and allied services are tobacco, paddy, chillies,
batavia, milk, meat and fisheries. The GVA to the industrial and service sector is
contributed from construction, minor minerals, unorganised trade and ownership
of dwellings.
Agricultural Economy:
Prakasam District and study areas are mainly an agricultural base district with low level
of industrialization and weak service sector. Agricultural economy of the district is
discussed with data on selected aspects like (i) land use (ii) irrigation (iii) cropping
pattern (iv) yield of principle crops and agricultural implements and machinery, which
are presented.
The cropping pattern of district and the changes in it by 2009-10 compared to 1970-71
The percentage of the area under food crops has been reduced from 71 per cent of 1970-
71 to 60 per cent during 2009-10, whereas the area under nonfood crops has been
gradually increased from 28.4 per cent to 40 per cent during 1970-71 to 2009-10. Jowar,
Bajra and other millets are the principle food crops in the district. Paddy occupies about
20 per cent of the cropped area. Among the non-food crops, tobacco claims the pride of
the place in the district as it ranks first in the state. The area under tobacco accounts for
more than 12 per cent of the cropped area. The important non-food crops grown in the
district are tobacco, red gram, sesamum, black gram, green gram and groundnut etc. As
per the World Agricultural Census, 1991 the total number of operational holdings of
Scheduled Castes in the district are 63,581 covering an extent of 1,44,950 acres. The
average size of the holdings in the district is 2.28 and 2.35 for Scheduled Caste and
Scheduled Tribe respectively
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Fig 3.17 Workers profile in the study area
INDUSTRIES
The district and study areas have has many service industries like Industrial testing,
Electrical Appliance repair, Clinical Laboratory, Servicing of Computers Hardware,
Tourism, Hospitality industry etc. Major exports from the district include Sea food,
processed tobacco, granite blocks, granite monuments and yarn. There are many
industries of food and agro, mineral, chemical, leather, plastic and rubber,
engineering, cotton and textiles, electronic products. All these industries deals with
Prawn/Fish Processing and Canning, Dairy Products, Granite industries, Drugs and
Pharmaceuticals, Tanning, Fishing Nets, Surgical Cotton etc. Forest based industries
produce Ayurvedic Medicines, Essential Oil (Palm Rose Oil), Wooden Furniture,
Wooden Toys, Bamboo Products etc.
MINING
The district leads in granite mining in the state with discovery of Galaxy Granite in
the Chimakurthy area of the district. Good deposits of coloured granites are located
occur around Uppumangaluru and Kodidena. The minerals found in the district
are Baryte, iron ore, quartz, and silica sand. In 2010-11, 4,300 tonnes of Baryte,
22,722 tonnes of quartz, 2,24,075 tonnes of silica sand and 400 tonnes of iron ore
were produced.
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EDUCATION:
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and
private schools, under the School Education Department of the state. As per the
school information report for the academic year 2015-16, there are a total of 4,311
schools. They include, 33 government, 2,949 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential,
1079 private, 10 model, 37 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 50 municipal
and 152 other types of schools. The total number of students enrolled in primary,
upper primary and high schools of the district are 562,510 The total number of
students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are
461,065.
Transport
Roadways
The total road length of state highways in the district is 1,184 km (736 mi). The
district is well connected by National highways, state highways and district roads as
well. The NH 5 or NH 16 passes through Ongole which is the major highway
connecting Howrah – Chennai, a part of Asian Highway Network. APSRTC, a state
government public bus transport operates services. All the villages in the study area is
well connected with roads and have frequent transportations in mode of buses, autos
and other private source.
Railways
The district has a rail network of 406 km (252 mi). The entire rail network is
under South Central Railway zone. Ongole is one of the main stations of this district
and most of the stations are under Vijayawada railway division.
Airports
Minister of State for Civil Aviation, has granted site clearance for setting up of a
Greenfield Airport at Ongole.
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Table 3.28 Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011
Sr. No.
Name of CD Block
Number of inhabited villages
Type of amenity available
Education
Medical
Drinking water
Post office
Telephone
Transport communications
Banks
Agricultural credit societies
Approach by pucca road
Power supply
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 0809-
Tangutur 14 14 (
100) 12 (
85.71) 14 ( 100)
13 ( 92.86)
14 ( 100)
13 ( 92.86) 4 ( 28.57
)
4 ( 28.57)
14 ( 100)
14 ( 100)
3 0810-Zarugumilli
20 20 ( 100)
15 ( 75)
20 ( 100)
15 ( 75)
20 ( 100)
19 ( 95) 2 ( 10)
4 ( 20) 17 ( 85)
20 ( 100)
4 0816-Kandukur
18 18 ( 100)
18 ( 100)
18 ( 100)
12 ( 66.67)
18 ( 100)
17 ( 94.44) 0 ( 0) 3 ( 16.67)
16 ( 88.89)
18 ( 100)
5 0820-Ulavapadu
11 11 ( 100)
11 ( 100)
11 ( 100)
11 ( 100)
11 ( 100)
8 ( 72.73) 3 ( 27.27
)
2 ( 18.18)
11 ( 100)
11 ( 100)
PRIMARY STUDY
Community Perceptions
The primary data collection was subsequently undertaken during process. This
included the collection of baseline demographic and socio-economic information
through a standardized survey focusing on household composition, education levels,
general health status, livelihood strategies, employment, and income and expenditure.
In light of potential resettlement requirements, the survey took the form of a census in
villages of 10 km radius.
Baseline survey has been collected from data of 45 participants from local
communities within the study area to know the community perception. The
convenient sampling method was used to administer a questionnaire on the existing
awareness among the community on the project and its potential impacts. This survey
was focused on various dimensions of economical, social & cultural, health &
wellbeing, economical, personal & psychological and heath & public infrastructure
aspects to assess that significant impact differences about this proposed project. This
study was carried on population living in the 10 villages.
Overall Outcome of the primary survey:
As a part of primary survey, socio economic functional area expert raised different
questioned related proposed and impact due to project. The data is process to bring
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out the positive as well as negative impacts due to this proposed project as we
discussed
Economical Impact:
An economic impact analysis (EIA) examines the effect of an event on
the economy in a specified of 10 (core and buffer) km radium of the study area. It
usually measures changes in business revenue, business profits, personal wages,
and/or jobs. The economic event analyzed can include implementation of a new
policy or project, or may simply be the presence of a business or organization. In this
study, respondents’ perception on economical impact were discussed to identify the
various economical impacts. The items of increasing of land, labour cost, overall
income and other related questions were incorporated. The major activities for the
proposed project will be included mainly construction & other associated outlets and
mechanical erection. These construction materials to be used will involve raw
materials which are non‐hazardous in nature such as steel, cement, gravel, rock, earth
etc. Other requirements of the construction will be a usage of i) construction
equipments ii) transportation vehicles iii) skilled and unskilled labour. It is observed
from the respondents regarding economical impact; the majority (85%) of the people
agreed there would be more demand for labour on contract and regular base in and
around study area. If look into the employment, the proposed project need to hire
various position for jetty construction and laying road, filling the land. As a result,
skilled, semi skilled and unskilled people have demand during the construction and
road development. Hence, the people who are technically qualified in the study limits
might be have an opportunity for technical positions such as operators, civil engineers
etc. The people who are illiterate or less educated may have an opportunity as a non
technical and labour during the construction. Due to this proposed project, people who
are in the middle and low poverty line can be benefited through employability. The
people are elevated from below poverty line to above poverty line. It can be also
noticed that local people indirectly might be have source of revenue as facilitators by
providing transportation, food suppliers, petty business etc.
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Employment potential – skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled:
The industry is established in the rural region of the state. The industry on expansion
will provide direct and indirect employment to rural persons. The proposed expansion
project is expected to yield a positive impact on the socioeconomic environment.
Social & Cultural impacts:
This domain focused on social and cultural aspect like, effect of migration, culture,
social norms, and other major aspect. It was observed that social aspects the people
who are living in study area need not be relocated their place because the proposed
project is located within the site limits approximately 98.04 acres. It was observed
from the survey; there may not be any out migration from proposed project. But, a
very less people might be stayed due to employability form outside study area. Other
than there is no rehabilitation plan. With regard to cultural aspect, it can be said that
people were positively responded towards this project. Hence, It can be said that
people may not be have break ups with cohesion, may not have any differences in
social and cultural norms due to this project.
Health & wellbeing impacts:
In general, the distillery may generate odour nuisance and fugitive dust from
transportation vehicles. Noise and air quality studies are included in the full EIA and
associated impacts need to refer to the social environment. However, the proposed site
is situated far away to the community livings. Hence, it can be concluded there would
be any negative impact on communities with this project. Another side, the wellbeing
of the local people will be developed in the form of direct and indirect employment.
Public infrastructure & Services
It is estimated that the proposed project would be caused for Improvement in
communication, transport, education, community development and medical facilities.
The infrastructure development, extension of new roads for smooth transportation of
vehicle, increase of private services due to the activity, frequent health camps will be
campaigned for local people. By increasing of connectivity, people have more
opportunities to enrich their business in various sectors.
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Personal and psychological Impact
It is observed from personal and psychological context, most of the respondents have
positive attitude towards this project. Participants felt that have more economical and
infrastructure benefits due to this project. In addition, another words, it come to
known people have thought of expression towards encouraging new industries.
Hence, this could be more helpful to the coming generations, in context of education,
business and employment aspect.
Need assessment:
The Primary consultations survey has ascertained certain key need expectations that
are also indicative of the local community’s attitude towards industrial development
in the study area. The Fig 3.18 shows the different needs and expectation of the
respondents in hierarchy with this proposed expansion project.
Source: Primary Survey
Fig 3.18 Need Assessment survey
36% of the persons have a job or working opportunities on regular and contractual
basis.
Participants (27%) expressed the need basic amenities of purified drinking water,
agriculture facilities and tourism support to the local people and other civic
amenities in the study area will be useful to development of communities.
22% said the high quality health and medical related support to the villagers
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Conclusion
Socioeconomic study has traditionally involved the use of technical and participatory
analytical methods to anticipate change but also encouraging the life cycle of projects
to minimize negative outcomes and maximize benefits. The study was designed with
secondary and primary source. The primary data was collected within the study area
of M/s. Pearl distillery Limited, sample of 45 participants through survey method.
The early consideration of social impacts, the alignment of activities with regional and
community planning objectives, and meaningful participation of community in
decision making are key features. Apart from the socioeconomic process and findings
it can be concluded that most the respondents have positive opinion about this
proposed expansion project.
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4.0 INTRODUCTION
The objective of the impact identification is to formulate Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) to mitigate the probable negative impacts that might arise during the project
activities to the maximum possible extent. Therefore, in order to come to a strategic EMP it
is imperative to identify the possibilities at various project stages, impact type and affected
environmental component, extent and severity. EIA is an activity designed to identify and
predict the impact on the environment, on human health and ecology, taking into account
the requirements of legislative proposals, policies, programs, operational procedures and to
communicate information about the impact. This chapter describes the identification of
impacts, appraisal of various impacts due to proposed expansion in production capacity of
existing grain-based distillery.
4.1 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
This section discusses the impacts of the project activities on the environmental receptors
that stand to get affected adversely by the project. It discusses probable impacts during
various phases of the project lifecycle on the environmental and socioeconomic
components. Adequate Environmental management measures were incorporated during the
entire planning of construction and operation stages of the project to minimize the adverse
Environmental impacts and assure sustainable development of the area.
4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS
Generally, the environmental and social impacts can be categorized as either primary or
secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project and
secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the
associated investment and changed patterns of social and economic activities by the
proposed actions. In addition, proper planning of activities at the operation phase adhering
extant environmental, situational and guidelines / standards forms the basis of alleviating
environmental impacts and formulating appropriate mitigation measures.
Predicting and evaluating the various significant impacts that are likely to occur. The results
obtained from predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of
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environmental quality to derive the ultimate scenario of environmental conditions. The
impacts on the environmental indices viz. air, water, soil, noise, marine, biological and
socioeconomic conditions are scrutinized methodically. Various activities and their likely
impacts due to proposed expansion project have been identified and shown in the Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Activities – Impacts/Risks Matrix Interaction Environmental Sensitivities
Environmental Sensitivities
Impacts/Risk Physical Biological Socio-economic
Activities
Soil
& S
edim
ents
Wate
r R
esou
rce
& Q
uali
ty
Air
Qu
ali
ty
Flo
ra
Fau
na
Res
erve
Fore
st/
Pro
tect
ed F
ores
t
Liv
ing C
on
dit
ion
Loca
l E
con
om
y
Tra
ffic
Ha
zard
s
On
site
Ris
k (
Occ
up
atio
nal
E
xp
osu
re)
Cu
ltu
re/
Arc
haeo
logi
cal
pla
ces
Tou
rism
/ L
eisu
re
Lan
d U
se
Construction Phase
Site Preparation and
Excavation √ √ √ √
Equipment Transportation √ √
Campsite √ √ √
Erection of concrete pile
structure √ √
Construction of Roads √ √
Operation Phase
Process operations √ √ √
Noise & Vibrations √ √ √
Waste generation √ √ √
Operation DG sets √ √
Handling of chemiclas √
Vehicular movement √ √ √ √
√ - Shows Impact
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4.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT
The proposed expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD grain-based
distillery is within the existing premises. The total land available for the distillery is 98.04
Acres and is under the possession of the management.
Construction Phase
The existing plant and machinery is sufficient to manufacture required quantity of 150
KLPD of ENA/Ethanol. However, to produce Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v from
Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for blending with Motor Spirit, it is proposed to set up
Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH) plant within the existing premises. The MSDH plant
includes installation of 2 nos. evaporator columns, allied facilities and final product storage
tanks of 6 nos. The site area is dressed and do not require external surface leveling with
average cut and fill requirements are expected to balance each other. Hence, minimum
impact on land environment is envisaged during construction phase.
Mitigation measures
The impacts due to construction activity and vehicular movement can be reduced by
water sprinkling
To provide designated storage area with necessary impervious lining and other
structural measures required for prevention of contamination of land due to
mixing of construction materials
To reuse the concrete waste, debris, excavated soil for various suitable construction
activities like road & pavement and filling requirement etc.
Fast growing species of greenbelt has been planned for the expansion project which
will result in the overall considerable beneficial impacts on land use change.
Operation Phase
The main impacts on soil/land during operation will be due to disposal of solid/effluent
waste on land. The distillery effluent (spent lees) is sent to the decanter, where the solid
waste DWGS is separated and liquid waste will go to the Multi-effect evaporator (2x500
KLD). In the Multi-effect evaporator it will be concentrated upto 30-35% solids and the
concentrated solids are mixed with the Distillers Wet Grain Soluble (DWGS) which will be
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sold as cattle feed. The process condensate from the evaporator, cooling tower and boiler
blow downs will be sent to Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU) unit consisting of Equalization
tank, aeration tank, clarifier and dual media filter and RO for treatment. The RO permeate is
reused for cooling tower make up purpose and RO rejects sent to MEE. The industry has
adopted Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). Detailed solid/hazardous waste generated and its
disposal mechanism is mentioned in Table 4.2
Table 4.2 Solid/Hazardous Waste Generation and disposal details
Type
Existing
Quantity
Proposed
Quantity
Total
after
expansion
Storage Utilization/disposal
Solid waste
DWGS 150 TPD 90 TPD 240 TPD Covered
shed
Sold as cattle feed
directly
Mixed
boiler
ash
2.5 TPD
2.5 TPD 5.0 TPD
Ash silo Brick manufacturing
units
ETP
Sludge
1.0 TPM 0.6 TPM 1.6 TPM Used as manure
STP
Sludge 1.5 TPM
-- 1.5 TPM Used as manure
Hazardous Waste
Waste
oil
3000 LPA
(Existing)
2000 LPA
(Proposed)
5000 LPA Sealed
Carboys
To the agencies
authorized by APPCB
Mitigation measures
The solid and other hazardous wastes from the project to be properly collected,
stored and disposed as per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Hazardous
and other wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.
Boiler ash sold to brick manufacturing units.
A record with respect to quantity, quality and treatment / management of solid /
hazardous waste shall be maintained.
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4.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT
Construction Phase
The main sources of emission during the construction period are the movement of
equipment at site and dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthworks, foundation
works and other construction related activities. The dust emitted during the above mentioned
activities will be very less as the land within the installation premises is flat which does not
require any major levelling. Therefore, the impact will be very less and for short duration.
Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the construction phase is
also likely to result in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NOx, PM, CO and un-burnt
hydrocarbons. The impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the
construction phase. The impact will be confined within the project boundary and is expected
to be negligible outside the plant boundary. Maintenance of vehicles, sprinkling of water on
roads and construction site, etc. would greatly reduce the impacts during the construction
phase.
Operation Phase
The potential sources of air emissions from the plant is as follows:
Utility emissions from Boiler and DG sets
Fugitive emissions from handling and operation
The existing 30 TPH biomass/coal boiler provided with Electrostatic Precipitator will be
used for the expansion project and 16 TPH (standby) boiler is provided with Bag Filter. The
DG sets are provided with adequate stack height as per the norms and are being used during
power failure only.
Fugitive emission from the distillery includes volatilization of alcohol from process &
storage tanks, dust from stock piles, spills, raw material and fuel handling, loading-
unloading, transportation and open vessel.
Baseline data indicates that Ambient Air Quality at project site and in the surrounding study
area is well below the limits as prescribed under the National Ambient Air Quality
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Standards (NAAQS, 2009) and hence the impacts in terms of change in prevailing ambient
air quality status, if not high can be acceptable.
Operation of 1010 kVA DG Set
Power requirement met from APSPDCL and existing in house power generation from 4.22
MW Turbine. Alternate energy from DG sets of capacity of 1x325 kVA, 1x750 kVA and
1x1010 kVA during emergency The operation of DG sets will therefore result in the
generation of air pollutants viz. PM, NOx, and SO2 thereby affecting the ambient air quality.
The dispersion of these air pollutants may affect the receptors viz. village settlements
located in near vicinity of the project site only under exceptional combination of
meteorological conditions.
However, the DG sets will be provided with stacks of adequate height of 7 m so as to
disperse the emanating flue gases without affecting the ground level concentrations, no
significant impact to this regard is envisaged. Additionally the proponent adopts and
implement necessary mitigation measures as discussed in the subsequent section to
effectively address potential air quality impacts from DG set operation.
Air Pollution Modelling
In order to predict the Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) at various distances from the
source of the above mentioned pollutants, an air modeling exercise has been undertaken and
is discussed in the impact prediction section below. In the present case, AERMOD
dispersion model based on steady state gaussian plume dispersion, designed for multiple
point sources for short term and developed by United States Environmental Protection
Agency [USEPA] has been used for simulations from point sources. Air quality dispersion
modeling is done through AERMOD to predict the ground level concentration of emissions
in 10 KM radius of project activity.
Model inputs and Results
The air pollution modeling carried out represents the worst case and normal operating
scenarios. The pollutants considered for modeling include particulate matter, sulphur
dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. Meteorological data of 24 hour mean of one period
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considered in the study. Ambient air quality studies done during the baseline study were
considered as baseline to estimate the impact of the activity on post project air quality. The
details of the stack and emission rates envisaged from the proposed operation of DG set 500
kVA
Details of DG Set:
Source – 1010 KVA ; Height of Stack – 7 m
Dia of Stack – 0.305 m ; Velocity – 4.52 m/s
Model for Prediction:
Air dispersion modelling is done using AERMOD approved by USEPA. To predict the GLC
(Ground Level Concentration) 10 KM radius from project site is considered. Ground Level
Concentrations (GLCs) for pollutants as mentioned above has been calculated for following:
Operation of 1010 kVA DG set
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Fig 4.1 Maximum GLC Increase of PM10
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Fig 4.2 Maximum GLC Increase of SO2
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Fig 4.3 Maximum GLC Increase of NOx
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Resultant concentrations after implementation of the project
The maximum incremental GLCs due to the project for PM10, SO2 and NOx are
superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations recorded during the study to arrive
at the likely resultant concentrations after commissioning of the proposed project.
Table 4.3 Predicted GLC Results
Particulars Predicted 24-Hour Average
Maximum Concentration (µg/m3)
PM10 SO2 NOx GLC Increase due to operation of DG set 1.36 0.527 0.634 Maximum Concentration recorded in Ambient Air
as Baseline 78.0 12.7 16.3
Maximum Projected Concentration in Ambient
Air 79.36 13.227 16.934
The maximum GLCs for PM10, SO2 and NOx during operation of the project are likely to
be within the prescribed standards for rural and residential areas. Based on the above details,
it can be inferred that the ambient airquality in the study area is unlikely to be affected due
to the proposed expansion project. The above air quality data reveals that even after
considering incremental concentration to baseline air quality from DG set, Ground Level
Concentrations (GLCs) does not exceed limits as prescribed by CPCB’s National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). It may be concluded that impact from plant activities will
be of insignificant.
Mitigation measures
DG set with appropriate stack height provided;
Periodic sprinkling of water on roads to be done to prevent dust carry off during
vehicle movements;
All the vehicles should be PUC certified;
Proper handling and storage of chemicals, product, fuel and raw material to minimize
the chances of any dust or fugitive emissions.
Boiler ash being transferred in closed conveyors to the end users to avoid any
spillage
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4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Construction Phase
The general noise levels due to construction activities such as working of construction
machineries, transportation vehicles may go sometime up to 85-90 dB (A) at the work sites.
Generation of noise during movement of vehicles carrying materials and loading &
unloading activities. Generation of noise during the operation of DG sets. Generation of
noise during concreting, hammering, mechanical operations, like drilling, fitting, installation
of plant machineries etc. may be envisaged.
Mitigation measures
Regular checking of vehicles, construction work will be restricted during day time
Provision of protective devices like ear muff/ plugs to the workers. Preventive
maintenance of the machine/equipment will be carried out.
Operation Phase
The baseline data for noise are given in Chapter-3 of the EIA report. No new
infrastructure/machinery will be installed for the expansion project. The existing boiler and
DG sets will be utilized for the proposed expansion project. Source of noise will be
operation of DG sets during power failure for which acoustic enclosure is provided. The
noise is likely to be generated due to movement of vehicles and running equipment’s.
Mitigation measures
Adequate greenbelt developed in and around the project area as an efficient barrier
for prevention of noise propagation outside the project premises.
Acoustic enclosures provided for the existing DG sets
Free flow of traffic movement shall be maintained.
4.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Construction phase
Construction works for the proposed project will be carried out for the MSDH unit and
infrastructures required only for manufacturing & storage of chemicals. Majority of the
work will be of fabrication type, which does not require much water. However water will be
required for domestic usage & civil construction work. The water requirement during
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construction phase will be temporary requirement and the quantity will not be significant as
construction works will be moderate in size.
Mitigation measures
Proper sanitation facilities like mobile toilets etc. will be provided for the
construction workers.
Treatment of sewage from temporary labour rest rooms shall be done in temporary
septic tanks and soak pits
Operation Phase
The total water requirement for the distillery after expansion will be 1746 KLD. The source
of water is from through bore wells from sanampudi village. Recently, the industry has
established its own desalination plant of 4 MLD capacity which is about 7.5 km from the
distillery and the water requirement will be met from the desalination plant.
Manneru River is adjacent to the project site in south direction. No bore wells exist within
the distillery premises and no effluent is being discharged into the river.
The effluent generated from the ENA/ Grain Alcohol production process is segregated as
process effluent (spent wash and spent lees) and effluent from utilities like Boiler, Cooling
Tower, vacuum pump, washings. The company adopted Zero Liquid Discharge scheme. The
condensates from evaporation will be recycled and reused in Process & Make up water
streams.
The distillery effluent (spent lees) is sent to the decanter, where the solid waste DWGS is
separated and liquid waste will go to the Multi-effect evaporator (2x500 KLD). In the Multi-
effect evaporator it will be concentrated upto 30-35% solids and the concentrated solids are
mixed with the Distillers Wet Grain Soluble (DWGS) which will be sold as cattle feed. The
process condensate from the evaporator, cooling tower and boiler blow downs will be sent
to Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU) unit consisting of Equalization tank, aeration tank,
clarifier and dual media filter and RO for treatment. The RO permeate is reused for cooling
tower make up purpose and RO rejects sent to MEE. Details of different streams of effluents
generation and potential for recycling of treated effluent are given in Table 4.2 below
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Table 4.2 Details of different streams of effluent generation
S.NO PURPOSE QUANTITY (KLD)
Existing
(90 KLPD Plant) After Expansion
(150 KLPD Plant) 1 SPENT LEES 79 172 2 BOILER BLEED OFF 10 18 3 COOLING BLOW DOWN 10 27 4 WTP BACKWASH 75 117 5 IMFL BOTTLE WASHINGS 60 60
6 WASTE WATER AFTER DECANTATION 377 500
7 FLOOR WASHINGS 10 10 8 DOMESTIC 18 22
TOTAL 639 926
The domestic wastewater is treated in the sewage treatment plant of capacity 50 KLD. The
treated STP water is being used for gardening purpose. The existing treatment system in the
plant is sufficient to cater the needs of the proposed expansion project and as the industry
adopted ZLD, the no major impacts are envisaged on water environment due to the proposed
expansion project.
Mitigation measures
The industry adopted ZLD to treat the various streams of effluents from the process
and washings
Domestic wastewater is treated in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and reused for
landscaping
Rainwater storage pond existing within the site premises to utilize the run-off water
4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Construction Phase
As noticed during study and topo-sheet map, the project site is far away from the
ecologically potential area. Hence, issue of impacts on ecology during construction of the
expansion project is not envisaged. Also it has been noticed that impacts on ecology may
occur due to land preparation & vegetation clearing activity. However, identified impacts
would be temporary & restricted to the construction phase only. Thus it has been envisaged
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that no major impacts on ecology would occur as the site is far away from ecological
potential area.
Operation phase
Total no. of additional trucks/vehicles for transportation of raw materials, products & man
power will be 1.5 per hour. As the closed tankers and covered trucks will be used for the
transportation of raw material and finished product, there will not be any fugitive emission.
Hence there will not be any fugitive dust generation during transportation of raw materials.
The treated non process effluent will be utilized for dust suppression, ash conditioning and
for on land irrigation after ensuring compliance with CPCB / SPCB norms.
Wastewater generated from the proposed unit may not cause negative impact on terrestrial
as well as aquatic ecosystems due to implementation of ZLD. However, positive impact is
envisaged due to reuse of treated water and use of biodegradable solid waste for greenbelt.
The flue gases from the Boiler are treated in Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) and discharged
through a stack of 50 m as per the CPCB guidelines. There are no rare & endangered species
in the study area. This activity is likely to have a positive impact on local biodiversity.
Mitigation measures
Spent wash being coverted into DWGS which is a high protein and fiber rich feed
for cattle.
Greenbelt developed within the factory premises to improve the aesthetic view of the
locality.
4.8 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
The project site is adjacent to the NH-16 and at present approx.. 27 nos. of vehicles are
plying to and from the distillery for transportation of raw materials, fuel and products. The
present road condition is good and all the trucks carrying alcohol being transported in
tankers hence there will not be any fugitive dust during transportation.
Good traffic management system will be developed and implemented for the incoming and
outgoing vehicles so as to avoid congestion on the public road. Hence, there will not be any
impact on the traffic load due to the proposed expansion project.
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4.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY
Construction Phase
The impacts on health and safety of work force are identified to due continuous dust
inhalation, accidents, physical injury during construction, noise generation. No major
impacts are envisaged during construction phase on health and safety of man force.
Mitigation measures
Proper Personnel Protective Equipmentǯs like safety helmet, nose mask, safety
boots, ear plugs etc. will be provided to all workers involved in construction phase.
Proper training will be provided for safety operations.
Operation Phase
During operation phase, the impacts identified are due to accidents during machinery
operation, transportation, loading-unloading etc. Noise generation due to operation of
equipment’s and machineries. Minor physical injuries during operation of equipment’s and
machineries. Constant inhalation of fugitive dust caused due to raw material and fuel
handling, loading unloading. Repeated exposure of workers to hazardous chemicals.
Workers trying to drink Alcohol may also be major impact on health and safety of work
force due to negligence of knowledge. The damage risk criteria as enforced by OSHA
(Occupation Safety and Health Administration) to reduce hearing loss, stipulates that noise
level upto 85 dBA are acceptable for 8 hour working shift per day.
Mitigation measures
Proper Personnel Protective Equipment’s like safety helmet, nose mask, safety boots,
ear plugs etc. provided to all workers
Regular health checkups being conducted for the employees
Proper training will be provided to all work force.
4.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Impacts on social environment during operation phase may occur mainly because of the
pollution potentials of the project, hazardous material handling & storage, hazards
associated with hazardous chemical & operations of the project, noise generation, and traffic
load on local approach road. Noise generation from the utilities and other machineries will
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be manageable efficiently by provision of noise reduction techniques & technologies. Risk
Assessment study and Disaster Management Plan has been carried out to identify the
hazards due to the proposed expansion project and to eliminate the risk due the same.
CSR activities will be prioritized on local needs, which focus on Health, Education, Social
Mobilization, Infrastructure Development, and Water Harvesting Schemes and to support
Agriculture activities. The production of alcohol will generate large amount of revenue by
way of excise duties levied on the local government. Positive impact would lead to the
upliftment of poor people. Thus, the overall impact of the proposed expansion project on
socioeconomic facet is positive and long term.
4.10.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
The proposed expansion project will result on positive socioeconomic development in and
around the project site. However the minimal adverse impact on the socio economic
environment would be impacted. Assuming that mitigation measures are incorporated to
minimize potential adverse impacts on socio economics would be expected to be nominal.
Summary of Anticipated Social Impact Assessment & Mitigation Measures:
Impact Area Pre
Mitigation
Significance
Mitigation Post
Mitigation
Significance
Relocation of Local Community
Low/NIL No R&R required for this project Low
General Characteristics and trends in population of region
Low No potential change on
population of region due to this
project & hence no mitigation
envisaged.
Low
Migration trends in study area Low/NIL No Impact on migration trends as
local labour utilized during
construction and very few people
of non locals with necessary
expertise during Construction &
Low
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Operation stage
Population characteristics in study area, including distributions by age, sex, ethnic groups, educational level and family size
Low No Impact on population Distributions, and hence no
mitigation envisaged.
Low
Distinct settlement of ethnic groups or deprived economic/ minority groups
Low No Disruption in settlement
patterns of people envisaged
Low
Economic history for the
region
Low/medium Positive Impact due to Increase
of income levels of the region
due to this project
High
Employment pattern in study area, including occupational distribution and location and availability of work force
Low Temporary or regular employment is expected to work during jetty construction period and laying activity.
High
Income levels and tends for
study area
Low Positive Impact - Increase the
income levels
High
Land values in study area Low Positive Impact - Increase land
values around the vicinity
High
Housing characteristics in study area, including in types of housing and occupancy levels
Low No Change Envisaged Low
Health and social services in study area, including health, workforce, law enforcement, fire protection, water supply, wastewater treatment facilities, solid waste collection and disposal and utilities
Medium - Periodic Health Check up of Construction Workers & necessary medication if required
- Periodic Check on Potable Water supplied and good housekeeping practices.
Low
Public and private educational resources in study area
Medium No Change Envisaged High
Community cohesion, including organized community groups
Low No Potential impact on
community cohesions
Low
Areas of unique significance such as cemeteries of religious camps
Low No Disruption of unique areas Low
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Archaeological Heritage Sites effected
Low No Archaeological Heritage
Sites are disturbed or lost or
effected in any way and hence no
preservation plan required,
Low
The resulting terms for the overall assessment for each socio economic environment aspect
were defined as follows:
High: impact acceptable if any criterion is awarded as high grade.
Medium: tolerable risk/ impact not acceptable if managed to level that is As low As
reasonably practicable, if the criteria have grades combining medium & low; and
Low/NIL: negligible risk/impact acceptable than all criteria are low or Nil
4.11 OVERALL EVALUATION OF IMPACTS
The evaluation of the impacts of the proposed expansion project on the environment, both in
terms of quality & quantity have been made. The summary of identified impacts and
proposed mitigation measures are shown below in Table 4.5
Table 4.5 Summary of Identified Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures
S.No. Impacts Mitigation Measures
1. Air Emissions
Emissions from DG sets
Emissions from vehicular
movement;
Fugitive emissions from
raw material and product
handling
Water spraying to be done on the access roads to
control re-entrained dust during dry season;
All vehicles used for transportation of materials
will not be loaded over and will be covered with
tarpaulin sheets;
D.G set shall be provided with stacks as per PCB
norms and also will be maintained properly;
Nose masks should be provided to construction
workers, while carrying out operations that may
entail potential for dust inhalation
Ensuring the availability of valid Pollution Under
Control Certificates (PUCC) for all vehicles.
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2. Noise Generation
Noise from vehicular
traffic / movement
Noise from DG sets
Noise from
loading/unloading of
materials
Sufficient engineering control during installation of
equipment’s and machineries (like mufflers in DG
sets) is to be ensured to reduce noise levels at source;
Proper and timely maintenance of vehicles is to be
adopted to reduce noise levels;
Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE) like
earplugs/muffs is to be provided to all the workers
at site and it shall be ensured that the same are
worn by everyone during their shift.
Restriction of construction activities during day
time only.
Implementation of plantation development is
expected to reduce noise impacts within the project
premises.
3. Wastewater Generation Proper sanitation facilities will be provided by the
contractor for the construction workers.
Domestic wastewater generated shall be routed to
septic tank followed by soak pit.
The adverse effects of construction work could be
minimized by appropriate selection of equipment
in pile driving or dredging.
Monitoring of salinity concentration will be
undertaken as part of the regular marine water
quality under monitoring program.
4. Land All the construction/site preparation activity will
be restricted within the designated site;
Dust nuisance from construction site will be
suppressed through periodical water spraying at
disturbance area;
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Temporary drainage channels should be provided
to minimize soil erosion of solid / hazardous waste
shall be maintained.
Good housekeeping and best practices of waste
handling shall be adopted to eliminate/minimize
the risks of soil contamination.
5. Solid and Hazardous Waste
Management
Generation of Waste oil/ Used oil from DG sets to
be disposed according through SPCB authorized
recyclers.
Domestic solid waste generated at site will be
segregated at source (Organic / inorganic) &
disposed accordingly.
General wastes, scrap metal and wood will be
segregated and will be disposed of appropriately
to authorized recyclers.
All plastic/paper waste will be collected and will
be disposed of to scrap dealers.
6. Socio-economic Generation of indirect employment in the region
due to the requirement of workers, supply of raw
material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which
would marginally improve the economic status of
the people.
Result in an increase in local skill levels through
exposure to harbour operations.
7. Occupational Health and risk
to surrounding community
PPE beinf provided to site workers and staff
member.
Acoustic enclosures provided to DG sets
and other noise generating equipment.
First aid kits, fire extinguishers and fire hydrants
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4.12 CONCLUSION
In view of the above facts, it may be concluded that proposed expansion of grain based
distillery from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD shall not impart any adverse impact on physical
features, water, noise and air environment. The proposed project shall generate indirect
employment during construction and operation phase and indirect service sector
enhancement in the region and would help in the socio-economic upliftment of the state as
well as the local area.
shall be provided at requisite locations.
All operational activities shall be carried out in
closed loop.
Community awareness with regards to Operation
activities and Risk and Hazards associated with
the same shall be carried out.
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Distillery Limited
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ALTERNATIVES
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5.0 GENERAL
The analysis of alternative is the process of comparing potential impacts and mitigation
options of a series of alternative location, technologies, operation to identify optimal
alternatives that meets national legislation. These alternatives can include variations in
layout, alternative engineering process, routing, linear facilities and screening of material
suppliers to select those with appropriate environmental and risk management system.
5.1 ALTERNATE SITES
As the proposed project is existing unit with production capacity of 90 KLPD Grain
based distillery and now proposed to increase the production capacity to 150 KLPD
Grain based distillery within the existing unit premises. Hence, alternate sites is not
envisaged.
5.1.1 Environment Sensitivity of the Location
Environment sensitivities present in the study area of 10 km around the project site are
given in Chapter 2.0.
1. There is no Wildlife Sanctuary / National Park / Bio-sphere Reserve / Habitat of
Migratory birds within 10 km radius from the project site.
2. There is no Tiger Reserve / Elephant Reserve within 10 km radius from the
project site.
3. There is no Archeological Monument / Defense installation within 10 km radius
from the project site.
4. There is no Forest land in the project site.
5.2 ALTERNATIVE OF TECHNOLOGY & DESIGN
Grain Based Distillery is considered as the eco-friendly alternative for the production of
alcohol. Spent wash coming out from the manufacturing process is protein rich and called
as Distiller’s Wet Grain Soluble (DWGS).
The industry has adopted MEE technology for the existing unit and the expansion
production capacity of 150 KLPD will be achieved by utilizing the existing
infrastructure.
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ALTERNATIVES
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Various alternative technologies for treating spent wash are available. The proposed plant
has adopted MEE technology followed by dryer. The MEE will reduce the quantity of
spent wash generation. In MEE the evaporated water is recycled back to fermentation
process and concentrate is mixed with the suspended solids separated in decanter. This
mixer is rich in nutrients solids and can be used as animal feed. It is called as Distiller’s
Wet Grain Soluble (DWGS).
The following are the merits:
The final spent wash converted to DDGS is rich in protein
Useful as livestock feed
The final output (i.e. DDGS) is not a waste but a nutrient rich by-product
The technology adopted will help in meeting the global protein requirement for
livestock
Zero Discharge Technology
Continuous Fermentation technology for production of Ethanol is well proven technology
over a few decades all over the world. To produce Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v from
Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for blending with Motor Spirit, it is proposed to set up
Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH) plant.
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MONITORING PROGRAMME
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6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
Periodic monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the
status of environment during and after commissioning of the project. With the knowledge
of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any
deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable taking
up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as
important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only
be determined by monitoring.
Usually, as in the case of the study, an Impact Assessment study is carried over short
period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or
human activities. Therefore, periodic monitoring programme of the environmental
parameters is essential to take into account the seasonal variation and changes in the
environmental quality due to plant operations.
6.1 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING
The objectives of monitoring are to:
Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and
thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures
Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and
environmental regulators and provides means of effectively communicating
environmental issues among them.
Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters.
Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in
the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in
management plan, if required.
Find out pollution level inside the facility and in nearby areas.
Compile pollution related data for remedial measures.
Find out efficiency level of pollution control measures adopted.
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6.2 MONITORING SCHEDULE
An environmental monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information
and helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study and
assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus,
provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures, and identify the
effectiveness of mitigate measures suggested in the EMP. A comprehensive monitoring
program is given under. The environmental quality-monitoring programme including
frequency of sampling and parameters to be covered is summarized in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Schedule during Construction and Operation Phase
Particulars Method of
Sampling
Frequency of
Monitoring
Parameters to be
monitored
WATER QUALITY
Water and wastewater
quality
a) Sanitary
Effluents/Industrial
Effluents
b) Ground water
quality
Composite sampling
Grab sampling
Once in a month
Once in a month
pH, EC, TDS, BOD,
COD, Cl, SS, Sulphates
As per BIS: 10500
AIR QUALITY
a) Stack Monitoring
(30 TPH Boiler)
Online monitoring
system
Once in a month
PM
SO2 & NOx
b) Ambient Air
Quality
24 hours
continuously
Once in a month PM10, PM2.5, SO2 &
NOx
NOISE LEVEL
Ambient Noise levels Continuous for 24
hours with 1 hour
interval
Once in a year Noise Levels
SOIL QUALITY
Soil Quality Once in a year pH, alkalinity,
conductivity,
water holding capacity,
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calcium, magnesium,
sodium, potassium,
nitrogen, available
phosphorus
The results of each monitoring parameter will be carefully evaluated to identify deviation
from baseline environment, if any. Also monitoring schedule prescribed by SPCB will be
strictly followed to ensure the proper implementation of environmental management
plan.
6.3 ENVIRONMENT HEALTH SAFETY (EHS) TEAM
A full-fledged EHS and OHS team is existing in the plant with multidisciplinary team of
professionals, technical staffs and all necessary infrastructures; and Director Operations
head the team. This team will be also responsible for all environment management
activities including environmental monitoring, greenbelt development, ensuring good
housekeeping, ensuring statutory compliance as well as creating environmentally aware
work forces in the plant including the proposed project.
The said team will be responsible for:
Monitoring and Analysis of air quality, noise levels, meteorology, water quality
and other environmental parameters
Implementation and monitoring of the pollution control and protective
measures/devices etc.
Co-ordination of the environment related activities within the project as well as
with outside agencies
Green belt development
Monitoring the progress of implementation of the environmental management
program
Identifying measures to prevent or reduce the wastes itself in the plant area
Compliance to statutory provisions, norms of State Pollution Control Board,
Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) the
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conditions of the environmental clearance as well as the consents to establish and
consents to operate.
6.4 DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS
The EHS department in respect of operation of pollution control facility will be
maintained following records:
Instruction manual for operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities.
Log sheet for self-monitoring of pollution control
Manual for monitoring of ambient air conditions.
Instruction manual for monitoring of water, solid and gaseous parameters
discharged from the factory and also for various parameters of pollution control
facilities.
Stationary records as per the Environmental Acts.
Monthly and annual progress reports.
6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS AND CORRECTIVE ACTION PLANS
To assess whether the implemented EMP is adequate, the project proponent’s
Environmental division will conduct periodic environmental audits. These audits will be
followed by Correction Action and Preventive Action Plan to correct various issues
identified during the audits and to stop the recurrence of the same.
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7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
As per the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments, public consultation
is mandatory to seek the opinion of the people regarding the proposed project through
public hearing organized by the State Pollution Control Board.
The issues raised during the public hearing, the response of the proponent along
with action plan and budgetary allocation will be given in the final EIA report and will
be submitted to MOEF&CC for obtaining Environment Clearance.
7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT
Environmental Risk Assessment is a scientific analysis for identification of credible
risk and thereafter estimating the safe distances from any hazardous installations/
processes in the eventuality of an accident. Estimation of near-accurate safe distances
is absolutely necessary to protect the public, property and environment. Risk
Assessment’ also known as ‘Hazard Analysis’ and ‘Vulnerability Assessment’ is a
procedure for identifying hazards and determining their possible effects on a
community and environment. Risk or hazard by itself is not an event - it is the
potential for an event.
This section on Risk Assessment aims to provide a systematic analysis of the major
risks that may arise as a result of operations of grain based distillery. The Risk
Assessment process outlines rational evaluations of the identified risks based on their
significance and provides the outline for appropriate preventive and risk mitigation
measures. Results of the Risk Assessment provides valuable inputs into the overall
project planning and the decision making process for effectively addressing the
identified risks. This will ensure that the project risks stay below As Low As
Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) levels at all times during project operation.
7.1.1 Objectives of Risk Assessment
The main objective Risk Assessment is to determine the potential risks of major
accidents having damage potential to life and property and provide a scientific basis
for decision makers to be satisfied about the safety levels of the facilities to be set up.
This is achieved by the following:
Identification of hazards that could be realized from the distillery and other
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activities.
To control and contain incidents.
Generation of credible and worst case scenarios for accidental release of
hazardous material during transportation, handling and storage of chemicals
Analyze the possible likelihood and frequency of such risk scenarios by reviewing
historical accident related data for the distillery.
Analyze the damage effects to the surroundings due to such accidents.
Conclusion and Recommendation to mitigate measures to reduce the hazard /
risks.
To provide guidelines for the preparation of Disaster Management Plan.
7.1.2 Components of Risk Assessment
The normal components of a risk assessment study are:
Hazard Identification
Consequence analysis
Recommendations for risk mitigation
Delineation of Disaster Management Plan (DMP)
7.1.3 Risk Assessment Methodology
Risk analysis consists of hazard identification studies to provide effective means to
identify different types of hazards during the operation of the facility. This is followed
by an assessment of the impacts of these hazards. Hazard is present in any system,
plant or unit that handles or stores flammable materials. The mere existence of
hazards, however, does not automatically imply the existence of risk. The
methodology adopted for the study has been depicted in the Flow chart given below in
Fig 7.1
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Fig 7.1 Risk Assessment Methodology
Consequences of loss of containment can lead to hazardous situation in any industry
handling potentially hazardous materials. Following factors govern the severity of
consequence of the loss of containment.
Intrinsic properties; flammability, instability and toxicity.
Dispersive energy; pressure, temperature and state of matter.
Quantity present
Environmental factors; topography and weather.
Consequence analysis and calculations are effectively performed by computer
software using models validated over a number of applications.
PHAST Lite contains data for a large number of chemicals and allows definition of
mixtures of any of these chemicals in the required proportion. The calculations by
PHAST involve following steps for each modeled failure case:
Run discharge calculations based on physical conditions and leak size.
Model first stage of release (for each weather category).
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Determine vapor release rate by flashing of liquid and pool evaporation rate.
Dispersion modeling taking into account weather conditions.
In case of flammable release, calculate size of effect zone for fire and explosion.
7.1.4 Failure Scenarios
A hazardous material can be safe if it is maintained at desired operating conditions
during storage, operation and transportation. For the facility, hazard of any equipment
can be due to various failure causes, which can be categorized as follows:
Human activities such as excavation, drilling, etc. carried out in vicinity of the
installation potentially cause damage to the installation.
Natural calamity like floods, cyclones and earthquakes
Operational causes like increase in pressure, temperature
7.1.5 Hazard Identification
Identification of hazards is an important step in risk assessment study as it
leads to the generation of accidental scenarios. Once a hazard has been identified, it is
necessary to evaluate the risk to plant personnel and neighboring community arising
due to handling of unidentified hazards. The following points are taken into account
while identifying hazards.
Location of facilities involving hazardous materials
The quantity of hazardous material that could be involved in an airborne
release and
The properties of the hazardous material
Details of Tanks farms
The following are the product tanks being stored in the premises shown in Table 7.1
and proposed tanks details shown in Table 7.2
Table 7.1 Details of Existing Tanks
ENA STORAGE TANK DETAILS
S.No. Tank No. Capacity (BLS)
1. ST-4 1,00,000.00
2. ST-5 1,00,000.00
3. ST-6 1,00,000.00
4. ST-7 1,00,000.00
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5. ST-8 1,00,000.00
6. ST-9 1,00,000.00
7. ST-10 1,00,000.00
8. ST-11 1,00,000.00
9. ST-12 1,00,000.00
10. ST-13 1,00,000.00
11. ST-14 1,00,000.00
12. ST-15 1,00,000.00
13. ST-16 1,00,000.00
14. ST-17 1,00,000.00
15. ST-19 1,00,000.00
16. ST-20 1,00,000.00
TOTAL 16,00,000.00
RS STORAGE TANK DETAILS
17. ST-18 1,00,000.00
18. ST-21 1,00,000.00
TOTAL 2,00,000.00
Table 7.2 Details of Proposed Tanks
S.No. Tanks Capacity (KL) Dimensions
1. ST-22 80 6 m H x Ø 4 m
2. ST-23 80 6 m H x Ø 4 m
3. ST-24 80 6 m H x Ø 4 m
4. ST-25 600 12 m H x Ø 8 m
5. ST-26 600 12 m H x Ø 8 m
6. ST-27 450 10.5 m H x Ø 7 m
Alcohol storage and handling area firefighting facility
Fire Fighting System as per the OISD-117 Norms.
Foam system for firefighting to control fire from the alcohol storage tanks.
Flame arrestors on the top of all the storage tanks.
Flame proof fitting to all the systems which handles the alcohol.
Transfer of alcohol is by pipes only.
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All the lightings are of flame proof.
Water sump with a holding capacity.
Foam Extinguishers inside the warehouse.
Hazards of Materials
The release of flammable gas or liquid can lead to different types of fire or explosion
scenarios. These depend on the material released, mechanism of release, temperature
and pressure of the material and the point of ignition. Types of flammable effects are
as follows:
Flash fire:
It occurs when a vapor cloud of flammable material burns. The cloud is typically
ignited on the edge and burns towards the release point. The duration of flash fire is
very short (seconds), but it may continue as jet fire if the release continues. The
overpressures generated by the combustion are not considered significant in terms of
damage potential to persons, equipment or structures. The major hazard from flash
fire is direct flame impingement. Typically, the burn zone is defined as the area the
vapor cloud covers out to half of the LFL. This definition provides a conservative
estimate, allowing for fluctuations in modeling. Even where the concentration may
be above the UFL, turbulent induced combustion mixes the material with air and
results in flash fire.
Confined and unconfined vapor cloud explosions:
Confined explosions are those that occur within some sort of containment such as
tank or pipe work. Explosions in buildings also come under this category.
Explosions that occur in the open air are referred to as unconfined explosions and
produce peak pressures of only a few KPa. The peak pressures of confined
explosions are generally higher and may reach hundreds of KPa. All the examples
given are vapor cloud explosions, which, in some cases, lead to detonation due to the
confinement of the gas cloud. It is difficult to strictly distinguish between a fire and
an explosion. Quite often, a fire follows an explosion and the casualties are caused
by both phenomena.
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Pool fire
This represents a situation when flammable liquid spillage forms a pool over a liquid
or solid surface and gets ignited. Ethanol, Naptha, Kerosene, Motor Sprit, etc. can be
involved in pool fires where they are stored in bulk quantities. These outcomes are
then further analyzed in the risk estimation procedure.
7.1.6 Fire and Explosion Index (F & EI)
F&EI is a rapid ranking method for identifying the degree of hazard. In preliminary
hazard analysis Ethanol is considered to have fire & Explosion hazards. The
application of F&EI would help to make a quick assessment of the nature and
quantification of the hazard in these areas. However, this does not provide precise
information.
Material factor (MF) of the material concerned, the General Process hazards and
Special Process Hazards associated with the product are taken into consideration
while computing, using standard procedure of awarding penalties based on storage,
handling & operating parameters.
As regards the storage area is concerned the major potential hazard rests with the
contents of Ethanol. In addition, F&EI for complete storage area has been
evaluated.
FEI & TI Methodology:
In order to estimate FEI & TI, approach given in "Major Hazard Control" (An ILO
Publication) has been referred. Dow's Fire & Explosion Index (FEI) is a product of
Material factor (MF) and hazard factor (HF) while MF represents the flammability
and reactivity of the substances, the hazard factor (HF), is itself a product of General
Process Hazards (GPH) and Special Process Hazards (SPH).
(A) Selection of Pertinent Storage or Process Unit
For the purpose of FEI & TI calculations, a Process Unit is defined as any unit or
pipeline under consideration for the purpose of estimating FEI & TI. Hence, all the
process units, storage tanks and units handling hazardous chemicals etc. can be
termed as process units. However, only pertinent process units that could have an
impact from the loss prevention standpoint need to be evaluated.
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The selection of pertinent process / storage units is based on the following factors:
1. Energy potential of the chemical/chemicals in the unit for flammable & reactive
hazards, represented by Material Factor (MF)
2. Inventory/quantity of hazardous material in the process unit
3. Operating temperature and pressure
4. Past accident record
(B) Determination of Material Factor (MF)
MF is a measure of intrinsic rate of potential energy release from fire or explosion
produced by combustion or any other chemical reaction. Hazard potential of a
chemical has been represented by flowing three Indices
Index Indicates
Nh (for health) Toxic hazard potential Nf (for flammability) Fire hazard potential Nr (for reactivity) Explosion/Reactive hazard potential
Values of Nh, Nf & Nr ranges from 0 to 4, depending on their hazard potential.
Significance of Nf, Nh & Nr values has been defined, while MF is calculated based
on Nf & Nr.
(C) Computation of General Process Hazard Factor (GPH)
Operations or processing conditions, which contribute to a significant enhancement
of potential for fire and explosion, have been identified. Accordingly, numerical
values of penalties are to be allocated. Sum of these penalties would be GPH for the
unit. The penalties include:
1. Exothermic and endothermic reaction,
2. Handling and transfer of chemicals,
3. Enclosed or indoor process units &
4. Accessibility of equipment and facilities with respect to drainage or spill control
(D) Computation of Special Process Hazard Factor (SPH)
SPH includes the factors that are specific to the process unit, under consideration:
1. Process temperature
2. Low pressure
3. Operation in or near flammable range
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4. Operating pressure
5. Low temperature
6. Quantity of flammable or toxic material
7. Corrosion and erosion
8. Leakage, joints and packing
(E) Classification of Hazard Categories
By comparing the indices FEI and TI, the unit in consideration is classified into one
of the following three categories based on their hazard potential.
Category FEI TI
Light < 65 < 6 Moderate 65 to 95 6 to 10 Severe > 95 > 10
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION AGENCY (NFPA, US) RATINGS
EXPLANATION OF NFPA CLASSIFICATION
A. Health Hazard Classification
4 Materials which in very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury
even though prompt medical treatment were given
3 Materials, which on short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury
even though prompt medical treatment, were given
2 Materials, which on intense or continued exposure could cause temporary
incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment, is given
1 Materials, which on exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury,
even if no treatment is given
0 Materials, which on exposure under fire conditions, would offer no hazard beyond
that of ordinary combustible material
B. Flammability Classification
4 Materials, which will rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and
normal ambient temperature, or which are readily dispersed in air and which will
burn readily.
3 Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature
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conditions.
2 Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient
temperatures before ignition can occur
1 Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.
0 Materials that will not burn
C. Reactivity Classification
4 Materials, which in themselves are readily capable of detonation or of explosive
decomposition or reaction at normal temperature and pressures.
3 Materials, which in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive reaction but
require a strong initiating source or which must be heated under confinement before
initiation or which react explosively with water.
2 Materials, which in themselves are normally unstable and readily undergo violent
chemical change but do not detonate. Also materials, which may react violently with
water or which may from potentially explosive mixtures with water.
1 Materials which in themselves are normally stable, but which can become unstable at
elevated temperature and pressure or which may react with water with some release
of energy but not violently.
0 Materials which in themselves are normally stable, even under fire exposure
conditions, and which are not reactive with water.
i. Toxicity Hazard
Health hazard for the Ethanol is equal to one (Nh=2).
ii. Flammability Hazard
The highest flammability rating is reported for Ethanol. (Nf=3) according to NFPA.
iii. Reactivity Hazard
Reactivity hazard rating for Ethanol is zero.
7.1.7 Hazards Associated with Toxic Materials
It is necessary to specify suitable concentration of the toxic substance under study to
form the end-point for consequence calculations. The considerations for specifying
the end-points for the hazardous material involved in the failure scenario are
described in the following paragraphs. American Industrial Hygiene Association
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(AIHA) has issued Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG) for many
chemicals.
ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that
nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing other
than mild transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined,
objectionable odour.
ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that
nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or
developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms, which could
impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that
nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or
developing life-threatening health effects.
US National Institute issues toxic limit values as Immediately Dangerous to Life or
Health (IDLH) concentrations for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). An
IDLH level represents the maximum airborne concentration of a substance to which a
healthy male worker can be exposed as long as 30 minutes and still be able to escape
without loss of life or irreversible organ system damage. IDLH values also take into
consideration acute toxic reactions such as severe eye irritation, which could prevent
escape. IDLH values are used in selection of breathing apparatus.
TLV: Threshold Limit Value – is the permitted level of exposure for a given period
on a weighted average basis (usually 8 hrs for 5 days in a week).
STEL: A Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) is defined by ACGIH as the
concentration to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of
time without suffering from:
Irritation
chronic or irreversible tissue damage
Narcosis of sufficient degree to increase the likelihood of accidental injury, impair
self-rescue or materially reduce work efficiency.
It is permitted Short Time Exposure Limit usually for a 15-minute exposure
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7.1.8 Damage Criteria
In consequence analysis, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate
the physical effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the
damage (lethality, injury, material, destruction) of the effects. The-calculations can
roughly be divided in-three major groups:
Determination of the consequential effects;
Determination of the damage or damage distances.
Determination of the source strength parameters;
The basic physical effect models consist of the following.
Source strength parameters
Calculation of the outflow of liquid out of a tank or pipe, in case of rupture.
Calculation, in case of liquid outflow, of the instantaneous flash evaporation and
of the dimensions of the remaining liquid pool.
Calculation of the evaporation rate, as a function of volatility of the material, pool
dimensions and wind velocity.
Source strength equals pump capacities, etc. in some cases of pump discharge line
ruptures for catastrophic cases.
Consequential effects
Dispersion of gaseous material in the atmosphere as a function of source strength,
relative density of the gas, weather conditions and topographical situation of the
surrounding area.
Intensity of heat radiation [in kW/ m2 due to a fire, as a function of the distance to
the source.
Concentration of gaseous material in the atmosphere, due - to the dispersion of
evaporated chemical. The latter can be either explosive or toxic.
It may be obvious, that the types of models that must be used in a specific risk study
strongly depend upon the type of material involved:
Gas, vapour, liquid, solid
Inflammable, explosive, toxic, toxic combustion products
Stored at high/low temperatures or pressure
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Controlled outflow (pump capacity) or catastrophic failure
Thermal Damage
The effect of thermal radiation on people is mainly a function of intensity of radiation
and exposure time. The effect is expressed in terms of the probability of death and
different degrees of burn. The following tables give the effect of various levels of heat
flux.
Table 7.3 Damage Due To Incident Radiation Intensity
Incident Radiation
intensity, KW/m2 Type of damage
37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment
25.0 Minimum energy required to ignite wood, at infinitely long
exposure (non piloted)
12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood,
melting plastic tubing etc.
9.5 Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. Second degree burns after
20 sec.
4.0-5.0 Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach cover
within 20 seconds, however blistering of skin (first degree
burns) is likely
1.6 Will cause no discomfort to long exposure
0.7 Equivalent to solar radiation
7.1.9 Weather Category
One of the most important characteristics of atmosphere is its stability. Stability of
atmosphere is its tendency to resist vertical motion or to suppress existing
turbulence. This tendency directly influences the ability of atmosphere to disperse
pollutants emitted into it from the facilities. In most dispersion scenarios, the
relevant atmospheric layer is that nearest to the ground, varying in thickness from a
few meters to a few thousand meters. Turbulence induced by buoyancy forces in the
atmosphere is closely related to the vertical temperature gradient.
Temperature normally decreases with increasing height in the atmosphere. The rate
at which the temperature of air decreases with height is called Environmental Lapse
Rate (ELR). It will vary from time to time and from place to place. The atmosphere
is said to be stable, neutral or unstable according to ELR is less than, equal to or
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greater than Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR), which is a constant value of
0.98°C/100 meters. The atmosphere is said to be stable, neutral or unstable
according to the lapse rate is less than, equal or greater than dry adiabatic lapse rate
i.e. 0.98°C/100 meters. In the consequences analysis, the weather condition 2F, 2B,
3D and 5D are used which represents the wind speed of 2, 3 and 5 m/sec
respectively and different stability classes of B, D and F.
Pasquill has defined six different stability classes ranging from A to F
Table 7.4 Pasquill stability classes
Wind
Speed
(m/s)
Day: Solar Radiation Night: Cloud Cover Day and
Night
Strong Moderate Slight Thin
<40%
Moderate Overcast
>80%
<2 A A-B B - - D
2-3 A-B B C E F D
3-5 B B-C C D E D
5-6 C C-D D D D D
>6 C D D D D D
Whereas, A extremely unstable – sunny, light winds
B moderately unstable – less sunny or more wind
C slightly unstable – very windy / sunny or overcast / light wind
D neutral – high wind or overcast / windy night
E stable – less overcast and less windy night than D
F highly stable – night with moderate clouds and light / moderate winds
When the atmosphere is unstable and wind speeds are moderate or high or gusty,
rapid dispersion of pollutants will occur. Under these conditions, pollutant
concentrations in air will be moderate or low and the material will be dispersed
rapidly. When the atmosphere is stable and wind speed is low, dispersion of material
will be limited and pollutant concentration in air will be high. In general, worst
dispersion conditions (i.e. contributing to greater hazard distances) occur during low
wind speed and very stable weather conditions.
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7.1.10 Frequency Analysis
Frequency analysis involves estimating the likelihood of each of the failure cases
identified during the hazard identification stage. The analysis of frequencies of
occurrences for the key hazards that has been listed out is important to assess the
likelihood of such hazards to actually unfold during the lifecycle of the project. The
frequency analysis approach for the project is based primarily on historical accident
frequency data, event tree analysis and judgmental evaluation.
For QRA of the project, various accident statistics have been consulted for arriving
at probable frequencies of identified hazards. Based on the range of probabilities
arrived at for different potential hazards that may be encountered during the plant
operations, following criteria for likelihood rankings have been drawn up as
presented in the Table 7.5.
Table 7.5: Frequency Categories and Criteria
Livelihood Ranking Criteria Ranking Frequency Class
5 >1.0 Frequent
4 >10-1 to <1.0 Probable
3 >10-3 to <10-1 Occasional/Rare
2 >10-5 to <10-3 Not Likely
1 >10-6 to <10-5 Improbable
7.1.11 Risk Calculation
Risk Calculation
Based on ranking of likelihood and frequencies, each identified hazard has been
evaluated based on the likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of consequences.
Significance of risks is expressed as the product of likelihood and consequence of the
risk event, expressed as follows: Significance = Likelihood X Consequence
Table 7.6 below illustrates all possible product results for five likelihood and
consequence categories while the Table 7.7 assigns risk significance criteria in four
regions that identify the limit of risk acceptability. Depending on the position of
intersection of a column with a row in the risk matrix, hazard prone activities have
been classified as low, medium and high thereby qualifying a set of risk reduction /
mitigation strategies.
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Table 7.6 Risk Matrix
Con
seq
uen
ce
Likelihood
Frequent Probable Remote Not Likely Improbable
5 4 3 2 1
Catastrophic 5 High High Medium Medium Low
Major 4 High High Medium Low Very Low
Moderate 3 Medium Medium Low Low Very Low
Minor 2 Medium Low Low Very Low Very Low
Insignificant 1 Low Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low
Table 7.7 Risk Criteria and Action Requirements
Risk Significance Criteria Definition & Action Requirements High “Risk requires attention” – Project HSE Management need to ensure
that necessary mitigation are adopted to ensure that possible risk remains within acceptable limits
Medium “Risk is tolerable” – Project HSE Management needs to adopt necessary measures to prevent any change/modification of existing risk controls and ensure implementation of all practicable controls.
Low “Risk is acceptable” – Project related risks are managed by well established controls and routine processes/procedures. Implementation of additional controls can be considered.
Very Low “Risk is acceptable” – All risks are managed by well-established controls and routine processes/procedures. Additional risk controls need not to be considered
The risk scenario‘s containing hazards with a low probability and limited
consequences can be discarded at an early stage of the evaluation. However, it is
important that the selection of such scenarios be done carefully. It is also always
useful to know the potential worst case scenario of a particular hazardous situation.
However, the worst case scenario is often considered to be so improbable that smaller
and more credible event (called the Maximum Credible Loss Scenario or MCLS) is
taken as a basis for ranking of risk and delineation of safety measures.
7.1.12 Consequence Analysis
Consequence analysis quantifies vulnerable zone for a conceived incident and once
the vulnerable zone is identified for an incident, measures can be proposed to
eliminate damage to plant and potential injury to personnel. The consequence analysis
is carried out to determine the extent of spread (dispersion) by accidental release
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which may lead to flash fire, pool fire resulting into generating heat radiation,
overpressures, explosions etc.
In order to form an opinion on potentially serious hazardous situations and their
consequences, consequence analysis of potential failure scenarios is conducted. It is
qualitative analysis of hazards due to various failure scenarios. In consequence
analysis, each failure case is considered in isolation and damage effects predicted,
without taking into the account of the secondary events or failures it may cause,
leading to a major disastrous situation. The results of consequence analysis are useful
in developing disaster management plan and in developing a sense of awareness
among operating and maintenance personnel. It also gives the operating personnel and
population living in its vicinity, an understanding of the hazard they are posed to.
Fault Tree Analysis
Graphical representation of the logical structure displaying the relationship between
an undesired potential event (top event) and all its probable causes
Top-down approach to failure analysis
Starting with a potential undesirable event - top event
Determining all the ways in which it can occur
Mitigation measures can be developed to minimize the probability of the
undesired event.
Fault Tree can help to:
The following are the benefits of fault tree analysis.
Quantifying probability of top event occurrence
Evaluating proposed system architecture attributes
Assessing design modifications and identify areas requiring attention
Complying with qualitative and quantitative safety/reliability objectives
Qualitatively illustrate failure condition classification of a top-level event
Establishing maintenance tasks and intervals from safety/reliability assessments.
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Fig 7.2: Event Analysis
Fig 7.3 Fire at Pump House
Human activities
GENERAL LOSS
PRODUCING
EVENTS
Property/Asset Damage
Potential personnel harm/Bodily injury
Liability damages
Loss of earnings/Business and reputation.
Operational/Procedural/Control failure effects
Environmental/ Natural
CAUSE EFFECT
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Fig 7.4 Release of flammable liquid
Over Pressure/ Overheat/Buckling
Pipe rupture/leak by impact/Fire Gasket/ Pump Seal leaks
Overfill
Release of Flammable liquid
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Classification of common mode failures-Event Flow Chart
Fig 7.5 Common mode failure classes
Engineering Operations
Design Construction
Realization faults
Functional deficiencies
Installation & commissioning
Fabrication
Hazard unidentified
Operational deficiencies
Inadequate quality control
Inadequate quality control
Environmental Procedural
Maintenance & Cost
Operation Storm/Flood/Earthquake/Exte
rnal Fire/Explosion
Subsidence Repair defect
Operation/communication error
Imperfect procedure/test
ing
Imperfect procedure/testing
Inadequate inspection testing or
commissioning
Inadequate inspection testing or
commissioning
Inadequate supervision
Control errors. Temp/Pr/Humid
ity/Static vibration/stress
Inadequate controls
Nonstandard design
Inadequate standards
Inadequate standards
Common mode failure classes
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Damage distance (Pool Fire) for Ethanol (100 KL)
Fig 7.6 Heat Radiation damage distance – 100 KL Ethanol
The intensity radii for pool fire reached maximum distance of 27.56 m as per weather
category 5/D at radiation level of 4 KW/m2.
Table 7.8 Ethanol tank pool fire radiation effects
Distance (m) Category1.5/F Category5/D Category1.5/D
Radiation level 4 KW/m2 25.9682 27.5643 26.0882 Radiation level 12.5 KW/m2 18.1423 20.8076 18.267 Radiation level 37.5 KW/m2 11.577 12.3953 11.7065
Damage distance due to Explosion Worst Case Radii
Fig 7.7 Explosion Worst Case Radii – 100 KL Ethanol
The Worst-case radii explosion reached maximum downwind distance of 58.71 m as
per weather category 1.5/F at 0.02068 bar where the impact is minimum due to lower
pressure. However, the Emergency Response Plan should consider this restriction to
ensure adequate firefighting in the area. In addition, thick greenbelt was developed all
around the plant to restrict the impact to the possible extent.
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Table 7.9 Explosion Effects
Overpressure Maximum Distance (m) at Overpressure Level Category 1.5/F Category 1.5/D
0.02068 bar 58.714 57.8021 0.1379 bar 35.5808 35.4035 0.2068 bar 34.1842 34.0514
External Events
External events can initiate and contribute to potential incidents considered in a Risk
Analysis. Although the frequency of such events is generally low, they may result in a
major incident. They also have the potential to initiate common cause failures that can
lead to escalation of the incident. External events can be subdivided into two main
categories
Natural hazards: Earthquakes, floods, tornadoes, extreme temperature,
lightening etc.
Man induced events: Aircraft crash, missile, nearby industrial activity,
sabotage etc.
Normal design codes for storage plants have sufficient safety factors to allow the plant
to withstand major external events to a particular level (e.g. intense loading of say 120
mph). Quantitative design rules usually used for seismic events, flooding, tornadoes
and extreme wind hazards as follows:
Seismic
The design should withstand critical ground motion with an annual
probability of 10-4 or less.
Flooding
The design should withstand the efforts of worst flooding occurrence in 100-
year period.
Winds
The design should withstand the most critical combination of wind velocity
and duration having a probability of 0.005 or less in a 50 year period (annual
probability of 10-4 or less).
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7.1.13 Evaluation of Risk
Risk is quantified in terms of probability of occurrence of hazardous event and
magnitude of its consequences. The consequence modelling was carried out in order
to assess the extent of damage by visualizing accidental release scenarios for Ethanol
storage tanks, pipeline and pumps. The risk to the human due to accidental
release scenarios is represented in two ways viz. individual risk and societal risk.
Individual risk associated with the various facilities of plant has been
evaluated by analyzing various scenarios which are described in subsequent sections.
Individual Risk
The Individual Risk (IR) level is more specifically defined as the Individual Risk Per
Annum (IRPA), which is the calculated annual risk loading to a specific individual or
group of individuals. Clearly, this depends on the amount of time in a year that the
individual spends in different risk areas. The individual risk calculation takes account
of the fact that people move from one place to another.
When calculating individual risk from major accident scenarios, it is normal to take
account of protection by buildings. Individual risk is typically depicted as contour
plots on overall plot plan of a facility, the risk level falling off rapidly as one move
away from the source of the leak / epicentre of potential explosions.
In particular following expression was used to estimate the Individual Risk (IR) at a
given geographical location for each reference scenario:
IR(x, y,i) = fi. PFi
where:
- fi is the frequency of the accident scenario i (year-1); calculated as multiplicative
factor of the frequency of the initiating event and the probability that the sequence of
events leading to the accident scenario i will occur: fi = fincident i . Psequencei
- PFi is the probability of fatality that the accident scenario i will result at location (i.e.
Probit).
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Fig 7.8 Tolerance Criteria for Individual Risks
The individual risk so obtained is then compared with the Tolerance Criteria of
Individual Risk as provided in the figure above.
Societal Risk
Societal risk is defined as the relationship between frequency and the number of
people suffering from a specified level of harm in a given population from the
realization of specified hazards. Societal risk evaluation is concerned with estimation
of the chances of more than one individual being harmed simultaneously by an
incident. The likelihood of the primary event (an accident at a major hazard plant) is
still a factor, but the consequences are assessed in terms of level of harm and the
numbers affected (severity), to provide an idea of the scale of an accident in terms of
numbers killed or harmed.
7.1.14 Risk Mitigation Measures
The major hazard in a flammable storage may arise from pool fire of combustible
liquid. Removal of all ignition sources and maintaining sterile conditions in and all
around the plant area can reduce the risk.
As the existing plant is complying with the safety standards, no specific
recommendation was made.
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General Recommendations
1. In case of a spill, mobile firefighting system can be effective in reducing vapor
generation by minimizing surface area exposed to atmosphere in addition to
providing containment.
2. Proper safety equipment should be used & back up of firefighting/rescuing
team to be provided.
3. Other protective gadgets like gloves, DCP, CO2 Extinguishers should be made
available.
4. Electrical fittings of good quality and complying with national or international
standards to be used
5. Adequate training on the storage and handling of the chemicals to the
operators and workers.
7.2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is an integral and essential part of loss prevention
strategy. It is imperative to identify the type, pattern and the potential severity of the
hazards, which can cause loss of life, damage to property and environment, and to
assess the vulnerability and risks there from with a view to outlining an appropriate
response mechanism. The DMP is made to encompass all the administrative and
operational programmes and responses to reduce the risk of emergencies of hazardous
events at any point of time during construction as well as operational phases of the
project.
Emergency planning is an integral part of the overall loss control program and is
essential for any well run organization/project. This is important for effective
management of an accident /incident to minimize losses to people and property, both
in and around the facility.
The main objectives of the Disaster Management Plan are as follows:
Minimization of loss to life and injuries to persons
Minimization of damage to environment and loss of assets / property
Adopting effective measures for prompt relief and rehabilitation
Minimizing the outage duration of the facilities
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The above objectives are sought to be achieved through the following measures:
Providing information to all concerned on the consequences of the events in
emergencies
Mobilizing on-site resources
Calling up assistance from outside agencies
Evacuation of affected workmen / personnel
Providing necessary first aid and other medical services
Collecting data on the latest developments, other information and requirements.
7.4.1 Key Elements of DMP
Following are the key elements of Disaster Management Plan:
Basis of the plan
Accident/emergency response planning procedures
On-site Disaster Management Plan
Off-site Disaster Management Plan
Basis of the Plan
Identification and assessment of hazards is crucial for on-site emergency planning and
it is therefore necessary to identify what emergencies could arise in production of
various products and their storage. Hazard analysis or consequence analysis gives the
following results.
Hazards from spread of fire or release of flammable and toxic chemicals
from storage and production units.
Emergency Planning and Response Procedures
Emergency rarely occurs; therefore activities during emergencies require
coordination of higher order than for planned activities carried out according to fixed
time schedule or on a routine day-to-day basis. To effectively coordinate emergency
response activities, an organizational approach to planning is required. The important
areas of emergency planning are organization and responsibilities, procedures,
communication, transport, resource requirements and control centre. The offsite
emergency requires additional planning over and above those considered under onsite
plans, which should be properly integrated to ensure better coordination.
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The emergency planning includes anticipatory action for emergency, maintenance and
streamlining of emergency preparedness and ability for sudden mobilization of all
forces to meet any calamity.
Types of Emergencies
Emergency in general implies hazardous situation both inside and outside the project
complex. Emergency is termed “On-site” when it occurs within the project premises
and “Off-site” when it occurs outside the project complex.
7.4.2 Different Phases of Disaster
Warning Phase
Many disasters are preceded by some sort of warning. For example, with the
aid of satellites and network of weather stations, many meteorological disasters like
cyclones, hurricanes and floods can be predicted and preventive actions can be taken
to eliminate / reduce their effect.
Period of Impact Phase:
This is the period when the disaster actually strikes and very little can be
done to reduce the effects of disaster. The period of impact may last for a few seconds
(like fire, dust explosion, gas leak) or may prolong for days. This is the time to bring
the action plan in force. The coordinators in organization structure will perform the
responsibilities assigned to them. Needless to emphasize that prompt and well
organized rescue operations can save valuable lives.
Rescue Phase:
The rescue phase starts immediately after the impact and continues until necessary
measures are taken to rush help and combat with the situation.
Relief Phase
In this phase, apart from organization and relief measures internally, depending on
severity of the disaster, external help should also be summoned to provide relief
measures like evacuations to a safe place and providing medical help, food, shelter
clothing etc. This phase will continue till normalcy is restored.
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Rehabilitation Phase:
This is the final and the longest phase. It includes rebuilding damaged property,
estimating the damages, payment of compensation, etc. Help from revenue/insurance
authorities need to be obtained to assess the damage, quantum of compensation to be
paid etc.
7.4.3 On-site Disaster Management Plan
The purpose of the DMP is to provide an overview of how the industry addresses the
risks and impacts of natural hazards through a collaborative approach to the
prevention of, preparedness for, response to and recovery from emergencies.
To protect persons and property of processing equipments in case of all
kinds of accidents, emergencies and disasters
To inform people and surroundings about emergency if it is likely to
affect them
To inform authorities including helping agencies (doctors, hospitals, fire,
police transport etc.) in advance and also at the time of actual happening
To identify, assess, foresee and work out various kinds of possible
hazards, their places, potential and damaging capacity and area in case of
above happenings. Review, revise, redesign, replace or reconstruct the
process, plant, vessels and control measures if so assessed.
The emergencies that could be envisaged in the plant are as follows:
Pool fire scenario due to storage of RS / ENA/ Ethanol
Sabotage / social disorder
Structural failures
Slow isolated fires
Fire consequences can be disastrous as they involve in huge quantities of fuel. During
the study of risk assessment, the probabilities of occurrence of hazards are worked out
along with the nature of damage.
Emergency Responsibilities
The responsibilities of the key personnel are provided below:
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Site Controller
On receiving information about emergency he would rush to Emergency Control
Centre and take charge of ECC and the situation and assesses the magnitude of the
situation on the advice of incident controller and decides.
Whether affected area needs to be evacuated.
Whether personnel who are at assembly points need to be evacuated.
Declares Emergency and orders for operation of emergency siren.
Organizes announcement by public address system about location of
emergency.
Assesses which areas are likely to be affected, or need to be evacuated or are
to be altered.
Directs personnel of rescue, rehabilitation, transport, fire brigade, medical and
other designated mutual support systems locally available, for meeting
emergencies.
Informs Inspector of factories, Deputy Chief Inspector of factories, SPCB and
other statutory authorities.
Gives public statement if necessary.
On completion of onsite Emergency and restoration of normalcy, declares all clear
and orders for all clear warning.
Incident Controller
Assembles the incident control team.
Directs operations within the affected areas with the priorities for safety to
personnel minimize damage to the plant, property and environment and
minimize the loss of materials.
Directs the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas likely to be
adversely affected by the emergency.
Ensures that all-key personnel help is sought.
Provides advice and information to the Fire and Security officer and the local
Fire Services as and when they arrive.
Coordination on with emergency services at the site.
Provides tools and safety equipments to the team members.
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Keeps in touch with the team and advise them regarding the method of control
to be used.
Keep the site Controller of Emergency informed of the progress being made.
Emergency Coordinator – Rescue, Firefighting
On knowing about emergency, rushes to Emergency Control Centre.
Helps the incident controller in containment of the emergency.
Ensure fire pumps in operating conditions and instructions pump house
operator to be ready for any emergency, which stand arrangement.
Guides the firefighting crew i.e. Firemen trained plant personnel and security
staff.
Organizes shifting the firefighting facilities to the emergency site, if required.
Evacuates the people in the plant or in the nearby areas as advised by site
controller
Searches for casualties and arranges proper aid for them.
Assembles search and evacuation team.
Arranges for safety equipments for the members of this team.
Emergency Coordinator – Medical, Rehabilitation, Transport and
Communication
In the event of failure of electric supply and there by internal telephone, sets
up communication point and establishes contact with the Emergency Control
Center (ECC).
Organizes medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the
injured to nearby hospitals.
Mobilizes extra medical help from outside, if necessary
Keeps a list of qualified persons first aiding workers of the factory and seek
their assistance.
Maintains first aid and medical emergency requirements.
Makes sure that all safety equipment are made available to the emergency
team.
Maintains liaison with Civil Administration.
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Ensure availability of canteen facilities and maintenance of rehabilitation
center.
He will be in liaison with Site Controller / Incident Controller.
General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency
During an emergency, it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an
emergency warning is raised, the workers if they are in charge of process equipment
should adopt safe and emergency shut down and attend any prescribed duty as
essential employee. If no such responsibility is assigned, he should adopt a safe course
to assembly point and await instructions. He should not resort to spread panic. On the
other hand, he must assist emergency personnel towards objectives of DMP.
Emergency Facilities
Emergency Control Centre
Office block is identified as Emergency control center (ECC). It has an external
Telephone and Fax facility. All the Incident controller officers, senior personnel are
located here. The following information and equipment will be provided at the
Emergency control center (ECC).
Intercom, telephone
P&T telephone
Fire suit / gas tight goggles / gloves / helmets
Factory layout, site plan
Emergency lamp / torchlight
Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, locations
of safety equipment, road plan, assembly points, rescue location vulnerable
zones, escape routes.
Breathing apparatus
Wind direction, wind velocity indications
Public Address Megaphone, Hand bell, Telephone directories (Internal, P&T).
Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, Emergency coordinator.
Important addresses, telephone numbers such as experts from outside,
Government agencies neighboring industries etc.
Emergency shutdown procedures
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Nominal roll of employees
Evacuation of Personnel
The area has adequate number of exits, staircase. In the event of an emergency
unconnected personnel have to escape to assembly point. Operators have to take
emergency shutdown procedure and escape. Time office maintains a copy of
deployment of employees in each shift at Emergency Communication Centre.
Assembly Points
Assembly points are to be set up farthest from the locations of likely hazardous
events, where pre-designated persons from the works, contractors and visitors would
assemble in case of emergency. Up-to date list of pre-designated employees of various
departments (shift-wise) must be available at these points so that roll call could be
taken. Predesignated persons would take charge of these points and mark presence
as the people come into it.
7.4.4 Off-site Disaster Management Plan
An unexpected emergency could cause serious damage to people, livestock and
property in the surrounding area. This naturally calls for the necessity of evolving a
comprehensive off-site emergency preparedness program so as to combat any such
possible eventuality. Many agencies are involved in combating an emergency in off-
site scenario. These include Government departments like revenue, public health, fire
services, police, civil defense, home guards, medical services and other voluntary
organization. Thus, handling an emergency requires an organized multi-disciplinary
approach. The off-site emergency plan should aim at reducing the probability and
severity of the sufferings of the people and the damage to property by clearly
identifying the role of all agencies involved in combating an emergency. The scope of
the offsite plan is to
Protect the inhabitation around the hazardous areas against exposure to fire,
toxic gases by providing alternate and safe shelter and evacuating them, if
necessary
Ensure their subsistence during the stay in camp
To protect and safeguard the property and belongings of the evacuated sections
of the population until their return
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To take adequate measures for their rehabilitation.
Management Plan for Natural Disasters
The management plan to tackle emergencies arising due to natural disasters like
earthquake, flood. cyclone etc. is detailed below
Earthquake
Prakasam comes under seismic zone-III (Moderate) as shown in Fig 7.9. All structures
in the plant are designed with appropriate/internationally accepted safety margins. The
structural mitigation in earthquake prone areas includes seismic retrofits of property
and the securing of items inside a building to enhance household seismic safety. It
may include the mounting of furniture and other equipment to the walls.
Fig 7.9 Seismic zones in India
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Floods
Floods are a recurrent phenomenon, which cause huge loss of lives and damage to
livelihood systems, property, infrastructure and public utilities. It is a cause for
concern that flood related damages shown an increasing trend.
Following are measures to be taken in case of floods:
Focus resources on minimizing the spread of water into other areas of the
plant
Protect property and records by removing items from floors and /or covering
with water resistant coverings.
Attempt to move items of value to "higher ground" if possible.
Evacuate personnel as needed. Utilize the fire alarm system if an immediate
evacuation is required.
Cyclones and Severe Storms
Cyclones are classified into five different levels on the basis of wind speed. They are
further divided into the following categories to their capacity to cause damage:
Prakasam district falls under Very High Damage risk zone – B as shown in Fig 7.10
below
Table 7.10 Category of Cyclone
Cyclone Category Wind Speed in km/h Damage Capacity
01 120-150 Minimal
02 150-180 Moderate
03 180-210 Extensive
04 210-250 Extreme
05 250 and above Catastrophic
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Fig 7.10 Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map
Tsunami
Tsunami has very long wavelengths and travel through the ocean at more
than 700 km/h. Sometimes there appears to be just one wave but often there are
multiple waves travelling a few minutes apart. The first sign of the arrival of a
tsunami may actually be the sea level falling and bays appearing to empty. However
as the wave approaches shore and the water shallows, it slows down. The wave
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rapidly bunches up as the faster rear sections catch up with the slower front sections
resulting in the wave growing in height the closer it gets to shore.
Heat Wave
In recent years, excessive heat has caused more deaths than other weather events. A
heat wave is a prolonged period of excessive heat, often combined with excessive
humidity. Generally, temperatures are 10 degrees or more above the average high
temperature for the region during summer months, last for a long period of time
and occur with high humidity as well.
The heat waves are seasonal and lasts from April to June, the chances of getting a heat
stroke are high during this period. Heat stroke (also known as sunstroke) is a life-
threatening condition in which a person’s temperature control system stops working
and the body is unable to cool itself.
7.4.5 Responsibilities of the Local Authorities
For the local authorities and Govt. departments to fulfill their aims and
responsibilities, in-hand information should be available to anticipate the development
of believable accidents. Industrial operators should, therefore, provide appropriately
structured input to assist the emergency management planning authorities in planning
and operating off-site emergency procedures. The actions and responsibilities
expected from concerned government department are listed below
Fire Services
It is to combat fire and carry out other emergency operations as per the need. Even in
a disaster not involving fire the fire brigade could be of good help, inside the plant and
outside, in view of their specialized equipment’s and expertise in rescue and relief.
Responsibilities
To reach the accident spot as soon as possible with all necessary equipment to
extinguish the fire
To provide all other necessary help depending on nature of emergency
Police Department:
Maintain law and order situation around the premises
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To control the traffic to facilitate the victims to reach hospitals as early as
possible
To restrict entry of any unauthorized persons
Shifting injured persons and causalities to nearby hospitals
To assist in firefighting and other emergency operations
Medical Department
Hospitals are required to provide first aid, treatment, and also to arrange for removal
of victims/casualties. Prompt and efficient medical aid is important in an emergency
situation. The first center, inside the industrial premises, cannot cope up with all the
treatment requirements.
Depute doctors and nurses to site with ambulance
To provide immediate medical relief to casualties
Augmentation of equipment, drugs and doctors
To provide first aid on the spot to casualties
To take all out efforts on war-footing to save maximum lives
District Administration
Civil administration is meant to provide overall supervision of all off-site emergency
operations including order to evacuate off-site population. Local administration means
those who are responsible for administration of the geographical area where the
industrial facility is located.
To protect the citizens
To assess the situation for overall control
To monitor the functioning and need of various agencies in rescue operation
To coordinate the activities outside the industrial facility in view of their
authority and experience in coordinating rescue and relief operations.
Controller of Explosives and Factory Inspectorate
These authorities are meant to provide expert advice and help in coordinating
emergency operations with government agencies. The inspector of factories is
expected to be friend and a guide to industrial establishments. His involvement is a
matter of course since he would be officially connected with inquiries after the
disaster.
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To coordinate with local government body e.g., civil administration, civil
hospital, police department, etc., as well as surrounding voluntary
organizations
To act as off-site emergency controlling authority
To inform public for precautionary
7.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
In order to ensure good health of workers, regular health check-up of the plant
workers would be carried out. Occupational health surveillance programme will be
taken as a regular exercise for all the employees and their record will be maintained.
Production of ethanol involve storage handling and use of several chemicals. Some of
these chemicals are toxic and hazardous in nature. Information about these chemicals
is therefore important for the safety of the employees and the plant. Besides, the
health status of the employees is also important which may be affected due to
exposure to these chemicals. The exposures may be sudden and accidental or for a
long period. In both the cases there will be different health effects. Therefore, safety
measures dealing with these chemicals are of vital importance.
Health and Safety aspects of the Chemicals
Ethyl Alcohol: Ethyl Alcohol is a flammable liquid requiring a red label by DOT. Its
flash point 12C (closed cup). Vapour concentration between 3.3% and 19.0% by
volume in air is explosive. It reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials. TLV for 8 hr.
is 1000 ppm (ACGIH). Minimum identifiable concentration has been reported as 350
ppm. Exposure to concentrations of 5000 - 10000 ppm results in irritation of eyes and
mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.
Table 7.11 Effect of Ethyl Alcohol
mg/l Ppm Effects in human
10-20 5300 – 10640 Some transient coughing and smarting of eyes
and nose, not tolerable
30 15960 Continuous lacrimation and marked coughing;
could be tolerated with discomfort
40 21280 Just tolerable for short period
> 40 > 21280 Intolerable
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Occupational Health Surveillance (OHS) is being undertaken as regular exercise for
all the employees specifically for those engaged in handling hazardous substances. All
the first aid facilities are provided in the Occupational Health Centre. The medical
records of each employee being maintained separately. Occupational health centre for
medical examination of employees with all the basic facilities established with in the
plant. The noise levels in critical area shall be monitored regularly and the workers at
high noise level generating areas should undergo audiometric tests once in six months.
7.6 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT (R & R) ACTION PLAN
The proposed project is expansion of production capacity within the existing
premises. Hence, no Rehabilitation & Resettlement Action Plan has been envisaged in
the proposed expansion project.
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8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited has an existing 90 KLPD grain based distillery at Old
Singarayakonda, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. The company is now proposing to
expand its existing grain based distillery plant from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD along with
35 TPD CO2 plant within the existing plant. The project would have many benefits to the
state of which some are mentioned below:
1. The ethanol production would help in achieving the Govt. of India target of
making India a 10% ethanol blended fuel consuming country.
2. The operation of industry would generate opportunities for the transportation of
raw materials, products, etc.
3. With the enhancement of production capacity the socio-economic status of the
local people.
8.1 PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
The project expansion will provide benefits to farmers and labors; better and purer the
raw material quality better will be the finished product of the industry. Both of them can
get better pricing. The project proponent will dedicate Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) activities, which will be utilized for various physical and social infrastructure
developmental programme such as roads, educational facilities, sanitation facilities,
medical facilities, welfare activities, etc.
8.2 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL
At present 254 people are working in the plant and 50 nos. employment for proposed
expansion project. However, indirect employment in various forms i.e. transportation,
refreshment stalls, daily commodity shops, etc. will be generated in the proposed
expansion.
8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
The plant has already implemented Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) technology. Hence,
there is no discharge of liquid effluent outside factory premises. The technology used for
ZLD is treatment of spent wash which is a known pollutant in decantation process
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followed by MEE. After which it is being converted to DWGS, which is used as cattle
feed. Greenbelt development within the premises will help in improving the diversity of
faunal species and also will cleanse the air off the pollutant.
8.4 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS
To the extent of its installed capacity, production of fuel ethanol improves energy
security & self-sufficiency and saving of foreign exchange for the country
Alcohol is a source of a large amount of revenue by way of excise duty levied by
the Govt. on alcoholic liquors.
The nutrients present in the spent wash can be used as a cattle feed after
converting it to DDGS.
The rural economy will get a big boost due to purchase of large quantity of grain,
rice husk etc.
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9.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides a description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that
mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of
the EIA. Based on the evaluation of impacts and baseline conditions, an Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) has been delineated to mitigate the adverse impacts. The EMP
includes formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection
measures. The EMP features guidelines and methodologies to be adopted at different
stages of the project for mitigating the impacts due to various activities. Thus, it is a
planned and integrated programme aimed at ensuring that both identified and unidentified
impacts that may arise during the various phases of the project are brought to an
acceptable level.
9.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMP
To suggest the formation of Environment Monitoring Committee responsible for
implementation of environmental control & protective measures as well as
monitoring of such implementation.
To ensure project proponents are compliant with all laws and approval conditions.
Continuous environmental monitoring
Facilitate a continual review of post construction and operation activities.
To suggest preventive and mitigation measures to minimize adverse impact and to
maximize beneficial impacts like.
Preparation of afforestation or Greenbelt Development scheme.
9.2 EMP DURING VARIOUS PROJECT PHASES
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure a safe and clean
environment. The desired results from the environmental mitigation measures proposed
in the project may not be obtained without a management plan to assure its proper
implementation and function. The EMP envisages the plans for the proper
implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the
project activities. EMP has been prepared addressing the issues like:
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Pollution control/mitigation measures for abatement of the undesirable impacts
caused during the construction and operation phase of the project.
Details of management plans (air pollution control devices/measures, solid waste
management plan etc.).
Post project environmental monitoring programme to be undertaken
Expenditures for environmental protection measures and budget for EMP.
The environmental management plan has to be implemented to minimize the adverse
impact on environment such as reduction in atmospheric emissions, liquid wastes, solid
wastes and noise generation.
9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SAFETY (EHS) MANAGEMENT
The industry has a well laid Environmental Health Safety Management Cell to ensure
effective implementation of Environmental Management Plan. The team consists of
officers from various departments to co-ordinate the activities concerned with
management and implementation of the environmental control measures. This team will
undertake the activity of monitoring the stack emissions, ambient air quality, noise level,
safety etc. either departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever necessary.
Regular monitoring of environmental parameters being carried out to find out any
deterioration in environmental quality and to take corrective steps.
The Environmental Management Cell also collects the data about health of workers,
greenbelt development etc. Organogram of the EHS & OHS Team members is provided
as Annexure-VII
9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The proposed expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD grain-based
distillery is within the existing premises. The total land available for the distillery 98.04
Acres is under the possession of the management and no new land is required. The
existing plant and machinery is sufficient to manufacture required quantity of 150 KLPD
of ENA/Ethanol (AA@ 99.8% v/v). However, to produce Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8%
v/v from Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for blending with Motor Spirit, it is proposed to set
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up Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH) plant within the existing premises. The MSDH
plant includes installation of 2 nos. evaporator columns, allied facilities and final product
storage tanks of 6 nos. The site area is dressed and do not require external surface
leveling with average cut and fill requirements are expected to balance each other.
9.4.1 Site Preparation
Since the project site terrain is flat and vacant land, minimal levelling is required.
Construction water will be drawn from rain water pond in the existing installation
facility. During dry weather conditions, dust may be generated by activities like
excavation and transportation. The dust will be suppressed using water sprinkling or by
installing temporary dust barriers.
9.4.2 Air Environment
Construction phase will be for a short period and hence the impacts will also be for short
and temporary period. Air quality around the project will be marginally impacted during
construction & installation stage. Various activities especially related to loose material
likely to cause generation of dust that will adversely impact the air quality of the
surrounding area of the project site. To minimize such impact following measures shall
be taken:
All the loose material either stacked or transported shall be provided with suitable
covering such as tarpaulin.
Vehicles and equipment’s will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions
against stipulated norms.
Water sprinkling shall be done at the location where dust generation is
anticipated.
DG sets shall be provided acoustic enclosure with adequate stack height.
9.4.3 Water Environment
Construction water will be drawn from rain water pond in the existing installation
facility. Water quantity being small, no major impact on existing water resources of the
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study area is envisaged. Proper and sufficient temporary sanitary facilities will be
provided to construction workers to maintain all hygienic conditions at site.
9.4.4 Noise Environment
The noise impact on the surrounding population during the construction phase will be
below the standards. High noise generating equipment, if any used, will not be operated
during the night to eliminate any possible discomfort to the nearby residents. The
predominant noise levels will be confined to the work zones in the installation facility.
9.4.5 Solid Waste Management
During the construction phase, whatever quantity of construction waste is
generated shall be stored at a designated site within the premises to prevent
scattered discharge on land and disposed of at the designated disposal site.
Care shall be taken to ensure that temporary stacking and transportation shall not
cause any disturbance to the surrounding environment.
All proper safety measures shall be adopted by the workers handling the waste
9.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR OPERATION PHASE
Environmental impacts during the operation phase can be attributed to handling of
chemicals, distillery operation, utilities and services etc.
9.5.1 Air Environment
The steam requirement for the distillery is being met from the 30 TPH boiler. The fuel
used for the 30 TPH Boiler is Biomass/Coal. Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) has been
provided as air pollution control equipment in order to bring down the particulate matter
in the exhaust gas to comply with the norms stipulated by CPCB/SPCB. A stack height of
50 m has been provided for effective dispersion of sulphur dioxide emissions into the
atmosphere.
Ambient air quality and stack emission is regularly monitored to keep check on
emissions and will be continued in future. Green belt has already developed and the
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industry is continuing developing green belt which will help in attenuating the pollutants
emitted by the plant.
Baseline data indicates that Ambient Air Quality at project site and in the surrounding
study area is well below the limits as prescribed under the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS, 2009).
To control the fugitive emissions during loading, unloading, and storing operations, the
following measures are being followed:
All the conveyors are covered to prevent the fly-off of fugitive dust
All internal roads are concreted to prevent the fugitive dust due to vehicular
movement
All material transfer points provided with dust extraction system
All the DG sets are standby arrangement and being used during power failure
only.
Regular monitoring of ambient air quality and emissions as per CPCB guidelines
and compliance reports being submitted to MoEF&CC & SPCB.
9.5.2 Noise Environment
Various components of industrial operations cause some amount of noise, which shall be
controlled by proper maintenance and compact technology. The major noise levels will
be confined to the working zones of the plant activities. The Leq of eight hours is within
the prescribed standards. Community noise levels are not likely to be effected due to the
thick green belt developed which is a physical barrier to attenuate the noise levels.
Acoustic enclosures provided to all the DG sets
Free flow of traffic movement shall be maintained
Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals being
done to reduce generation of noise.
Regular monitoring of noise level being carried out.
Rotation of workers working in the noise prone areas.
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9.5.3 Water Environment
The project will result in generation of following types of effluents from the process
operations:
Table 9.1 Details of different streams of effluent generation
S.NO PURPOSE QUANTITY (KLD)
Existing
(90 KLPD Plant) After Expansion
(150 KLPD Plant) 1 SPENT LEES 79 172 2 BOILER BLEED OFF 10 18 3 COOLING BLOW DOWN 10 27 4 WTP BACKWASH 75 117 5 IMFL BOTTLE WASHINGS 60 60
6 WASTE WATER AFTER DECANTATION 377 500
7 FLOOR WASHINGS 10 10 8 DOMESTIC 18 22
TOTAL 639 926
Manneru River is adjacent to the project site in south direction. No bore wells exist
within the distillery premises and no effluent is being discharged into the river. The
existing treatment system in the plant is sufficient to cater the needs of the proposed
expansion project and the industry adopted ZLD. The domestic wastewater is treated in
the sewage treatment plant of capacity 50 KLD. The treated STP water is being used for
gardening purpose.
The wastewater from the distillery as per the Zero Discharge scheme for wastewater
management is as follows:
The effluent generated from the ENA/ Grain Alcohol production process is
segregated as process effluent (spent wash and spent lees) and effluent from
utilities like Boiler, Cooling Tower, vacuum pump, washings.
The distillery effluent (spent lees) is sent to the decanter, where the solid waste
DWGS is separated and liquid waste will go to the Multi-effect evaporator (2x500
KLD).
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In the Multi-effect evaporator it will be concentrated upto 30-35% solids and the
concentrated solids are mixed with the Distillers Wet Grain Soluble (DWGS)
which will be sold as cattle feed.
The process condensate from the evaporator, cooling tower and boiler blow
downs will be sent to Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU) unit consisting of
Equalization tank, aeration tank, clarifier and dual media filter and RO for
treatment.
The RO permeate is reused for cooling tower make up purpose and RO rejects
sent to MEE.
Well-designed storm water drainage provided all over the plant to avoid mixing of
storm water with effluent.
Rainwater storage pond is available within the premises to utilize the rain water
during monsoon season.
9.5.4 Land Environment
Spent lees being treated through Centrifuge Decanters for separation of Suspended
Solids as wet cake which is used as cattle feed as it contains higher protein and fiber
content. The Process condensate, boiler blow down, cooling tower blow down, spent lees
is treated in Condensate Polishing Unit, after treatment of which it is recycled back to the
process again. As greenbelt is being all around the plant boundary, the aesthetics of the
land has positive impact.
9.5.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Plan
The solid and other hazardous wastes from the project to be properly collected, stored
and disposed as per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Hazardous and other
wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016. Detailed
solid/hazardous waste generated and its disposal mechanism is mentioned in Table 9.2
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Table 9.2 Solid/Hazardous Waste Generation and disposal details
Type
Existing
Quantity
Proposed
Quantity
Total
after
expansion
Storage Utilization/disposal
Solid waste
DWGS 150 TPD 90 TPD 240 TPD Covered
shed
Sold as cattle feed
directly
Mixed
boiler
ash
2.5 TPD
2.5 TPD 5.0 TPD
Ash silo Brick manufacturing
units
ETP
Sludge
1.0 TPM 0.6 TPM 1.6 TPM Used as manure
STP
Sludge 1.5 TPM
-- 1.5 TPM Used as manure
Hazardous Waste
Waste
oil
3000 LPA
(Existing)
2000 LPA
(Proposed)
5000 LPA Sealed
Carboys
To the agencies
authorized by APPCB
The DWGS is being sold as cattle feed as it is rich in protein and fiber
Boiler ash sold to brick manufacturing units
Solid waste such as CPU sludge and STP being used as manure as it is non-
hazardous.
The hazardous waste i.e. spent oil generated is being stored in designated place
and sold to authorized agencies of APPCB.
9.5.6 Odour Control Measures
Odour Management Plan outlines the methods by which odorous emissions will
systematically assess, reduce and prevent potentially from the distillery unit.
Odour shall be primarily controlled at source by good operational practices,
including physical and management control measures.
Better housekeeping will maintain good hygiene condition by regular steaming of
all fermentation equipment.
Control of temperature during fermentation to avoid in-activation/ killing of yeast.
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9.5.7 Socio-economic Environment
CSR activities will be prioritized on local needs, which focus on Health, Education,
Social Mobilization, Infrastructure Development, and Water Harvesting Schemes and to
support Agriculture activities. The production of alcohol will generate large amount of
revenue by way of excise duties levied on the local government. Positive impact would
lead to the upliftment of poor people. Thus, the overall impact of the proposed expansion
project on socioeconomic facet is positive and long term.
9.5.8 Occupational Health and Safety
All precautionary methods will be adopted by the company to reduce the risk of exposure
of employees to occupational safety and health hazards. For the safety of workers,
personnel protective appliances like hand gloves, goggles, aprons, ear mufflers, nose
mask, helmet etc. provided. Nose mask will be provided at places, where there is
possibility of dust generation and VOC emissions. In high noise generation areas ear
mufflers provided for the workmen.
Smoking and other igniting activities are strictly prohibited in the distillery as well as in
the factory premises. Firefighting arrangements provided as per the required statutes as
well as corresponding standards. Mock drills shall be arranged for the workers to test the
effectiveness of the training program from time to time and the way to react in case of
emergency. Proposed safety measures to be made to prevent and reduce accident among
employees are:
Periodically monitor the health of the workers
All safety gear shall be provided to workers and care shall be taken by EMC that
these are used properly by them. All safety norms shall be followed
Suitable training programs being arranged for the manpower, which are directly
responsible for the pollution control systems and emergency response planning, in
their respective field/area of responsibility.
The training aspects will include plant start-up, shut-down, day-to-day trouble
shooting, operational control and management, monitoring requirements and
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techniques, etc., and more importantly, on emergency response management
including first aid.
9.6 Greenbelt Development
There are no National Parks/Sanctuaries within 10 km radius of the plant. The
distillery is zero liquid discharge based plant as per CPCB norms. No significant
vegetation occurs in and around the existing plant. There are no rare and endangered
species in the area. Hence there will not be any adverse impact on flora & fauna due to
the proposed expansion project.
The industry has the social obligation to recreate the environmental status by providing
thick green cover to suppress fugitive emission and provide aesthetic beauty. Trees form
the important part of the biosphere in our eco-system. At present green belt of 35.0 acres
land area is developed which is more than the requirement of 33% of the total site area.
However, additional greenbelt will be developed in the open space available within the
premises increase the aesthetic view of the surroundings.
Plantation technique
A standard horticultural practice involves planting of saplings in pits of 1ft. x1ft.x 1ft.The
pits are then filled with earth, sand silt and manure in pre-determined proportions and are
watered liberally. For areas where the soil conditions are poor and the substratum is hard
and rocky, pits of 2ft. x 2ft. x 2ft. with 4cft. of external soil and 2cft. of compost is
recommended. The growing plants are then cared for the first three years, or for at least
two years (for tall plants) with tending operations like weeding, watering and most
importantly through protection from stray animals and pests. Nutrients in pits are
occasionally supplemented.
Selection of species for green belt
Development of the green belt is one of the most sensitive issues and shall be done with
due care. Selection of proper locally grown species in addition to checking of their
growth rate, quality, thickness of canopy cover, etc. shall be duly done as it helps in
abatement of fugitive noise, reduce the pollution level, thus making the place worth
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dwelling for the diversified species flora. The plant species suitable for green belt
development need to be selected based on the flowing criteria.
Native plant species will be preferred
Fast growing plants will be planted
Plants having thick canopy cover will be used
Preferably perennial and evergreen species will be selected
Road sides will be planted with local vegetation
While making choice of plant species for cultivation in green belts, weightage has to be
given to the natural factor of bio-climate. It is also presumed that the selected plants will
be grown as per normal horticultural or forestry practices. In view of this, the list of
species to be planted in the green belt area is illustrated below in Table 9.3
Table 9.3 Selected list of plant species for Greenbelt development
Botanical name Family Height (Meter
Albizia lebeck Mimosaceae 30
Anthocephalus cadamba Rubiaceae 20
Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 20
Bambusa arundinacea Poaceae 20
Bambusa vulgaris Poaceae 15
Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpiniaceae 5
Bauhinia variegata Caesalpiniaceae 5
Butea monosperma Fabaceae 10
Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae 12
Dalbergia latifolia Fabaceae 20
Drypetes roxburghii Euphorbiaceae 15
Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae 6
Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 20
Guazuma ulmifolia Malvaceae 10
Hamelia patens Rubiaceae 2
Ixora coccinea Rubiaceae 4
Lagerstroemia reginae Lythraceae 10
Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 20
Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae 15
Syzigium cumini Myrtaceae 20
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Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 15
Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae 15
Thespesia populnea Malvaceae 10
9.7 Energy Conservation Measures
Energy conservation measures would be undertaken for ensuring minimum use of non-
renewable energy resources. It is proposed to induce the culture of energy conservation in
all stakeholders of the project. The first priority is avoidance of wastage the second is
introduction of more energy efficient equipments and installations. This includes
installing LED light sources and availing of solar energy, particularly for street and open
area lighting. Another aspect is optimum usage of day light so as to minimize electricity
consumption in the offices and other facilities.
9.8 COST ESTIMATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The details of capital and recurring (per annum) budget earmarked for pollution control,
operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities, for greenbelt development and
maintenance is summarized in this section. The management is also keen to modify and
make more efficient measures towards suppression of pollution sources. The cost
estimate for Environment Management Plan is provided in Table 9.4
Table 9.4 Environmental Management Budget
S.No. Description Capital Cost
(Lakhs)
Recurring Cost per
annum (Lakhs)
1. Air pollution Control 6.0 8.0
2. Water pollution Control -- 7.0
3. Environmental Monitoring and
Management -- 6.5
4. Occupation Health -- 3.0
5. Greenbelt 5.0 2.0
6. Solid & Hazardous Waste
Management -- 4.0
7. Rain water harvesting 1.2 0.5
8. Safety and Firefighting facilities 15.0 2.0
Total 27.2 33.0
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9.9 CSR COMMITMENT
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited will follow Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with
2.5 % of Capital Investment.
The company has provided RO plant to the Sanampudi village as per of CSR activity.
The following measures will be taken to maintain a clean and sustainable environment in
and around the plant:
i. Integrate sound environmental practices in all its activities.
ii. Promote development of innovate environment friendly processes and products.
iii. Integrate the principle of “reduce, recover, recycle and reuse” in its operations for
conservation of natural resources to ensure a sustainable future.
iv. Improve employee commitment and responsibility towards environment protection
through capacity building.
v. Promote environmentally responsible behaviour amongst contractual workforce and
suppliers.
The tentative CSR activities proposed to be taken up are given in following Table 9.5
Table: 9.5 Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) Activities proposed
S.No Item Proposed
(Lakhs)
1 Training funds 15.0
2 Development of Infrastructure facilities in nearby
schools 10.0
3 Providing public toilets in nearby villages 6.5
Total 31.5
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10.1 SUMMARY
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited is located at Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2,
54, 55/1 & 2, 56 etc., Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda Village, Singarayakonda
Mandal in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. The industry is having valid
Environmental Clearance (EC) vide File No: J-11012/13/98-IA-II(I) dated 19th July
2007 for 90 KLPD Distillery unit (45 KLPD based on molasses and 45 KLPD based
on molasses/grain). The industry obtained EC amendment to add grain based to
existing 45 KLPD molasses based distillery and 25 TPD of CO2 plant vide F.No: J-
11011/152/2015-IA II (I) Dt: 28.12.2015. For the same obtained CFE vide order no:
39/APPCB/CFE/RONLR/HO/2016 Dt: 20.09.2016 and CFO order vide order no:
APPCB/VJA/NLR/39/HO/2017 Dt: 18.12.2017. Now, the management proposed for
capacity expansion from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol@
99.8% v/v)/ENA/ Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain based i.e. expansion quantity of
60 KLPD and 35 TPD of CO2 plant within the existing premises.
10.2 LOCATION & ACCESSIBILITY
The project site is located at Sy. No: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54, 55/1 & 2,
56 etc., Plot No. 791, Old Singarayakonda Village, Prakasam District, Andhra
Pradesh.
Latitude: 15°12’57.80”N
Longitude: 80°0’58.0”E
The nearest highway NH-16 is adjacent to the plant towards east and the nearest
railway station is Singarayakonda Railway station is 4.02 km from the plant. The
nearest airport is Vijayawada Airport at 167.18 km from the plant.
10.3 PROJECT ACTIVITIES
The company proposed to expand the production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150
KLPD Ethanol (AA @ 99.8% v/v)/ENA/Indian Made Foreign Liquor Grain based
distillery along with 35 TPD of CO2 plant within the existing premises. The existing
Plant & Machinery is sufficient to handle grain based to manufacture all or any of the
three finished products RS/ENA/Ethanol. However, to produce Anhydrous Alcohol
@ 99.8% v/v from Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for blending with Motor Spirit, it is
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proposed to set up Molecular Sieve Dehydration (MSDH) plant within the existing
premises.
Present capacity:
1) ENA (Grain based) – 90 KLPD
2) Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) – 153.68 TPD
3) By products: CO2 – 25 TPD and Wet cake – 150.0 TPD
Proposed Expansion capacity:
1) Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol@ 99.8% v/v)/ENA (Grain based) – 60 KLPD
2) By product: CO2 – 35 TPD
3) Wet cake: 90 TPD
10.4 PROJECT UTILITIES AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
Raw Material
The distillery will use grains as basic raw material. Besides this, processing chemicals
would be used for the production of Ethanol. The other raw materials will be sourced
from local market. The details of basic raw materials required for the expansion
project is given in the below Table 1
Table 1: Details of Raw material requirement
S.No Description Existing Quantity Proposed Quantity
(After Expansion)
1 Broken Rice 131 MT 219 MT
2 Maize 88 MT 146 MT
Source Broken Rice: AP, TS & Bihar
Maize: AP, TS, Bihar & WB
Fuel Requirement
Coal/Biomass is being used as fuel for the 30 TPH boiler. The fuel requirements after
expansion for 150 KLPD production is as follows
Biomass – 131 MT
Imported Coal – 45 MT
(Source: Krishnapatnam Port)
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Steam Requirement
At present the steam requirement for the distillery is being met from 30 TPH boiler
with coal/biomass as fuel and 16 TPH boiler as standby.
Land Requirement
Total land available with the management is 98.04 Acres. The proposed expansion of
production capacity of ENA/Ethanol (Anhydrous Alcohol@ 99.8% v/v) from 90
KLPD to 150 KLPD is within the existing premises and the proposed MSDH unit is
planned to be established in an area of 0.89 Acres.
Water Requirement
The existing plant is utilizing 1395 KLD of fresh water through bore wells from
sanampudi village via tankers. Average fresh water requirement after the proposed
expansion will be 1746 KLD. Recently, the industry has established desalination plant
of 4 MLD capacity and source of water will be from own desalination plant.
Power Requirement
Power requirement met from APSPDCL and existing in house power generation from
4.22 MW Turbine. Alternate energy from DG sets of capacity of 1x325 kVA, 1x750
kVA and 1x1010 kVA during emergency.
10.5 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
The study of the baseline environmental status helps in assessing the existing
environmental conditions and identifying the critical environmental attributes. The
study of the physical, biological and socio-economic environment within a radius of
10 km (study area) from the plant comprises of the baseline environment. Primary and
secondary data were collected for the EIA study.
Physical Environment
Climate and Meteorology
The climate of the region is governed by its location in the tropics and by the
monsoon. The climate of the southeastern coast of the Bay of Bengal is characterized
by the annually recurring seasonal monsoons. Wind speed is high and found mostly
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between 5.92 – 6.0 m/sec during the study period. The predominant wind direction is
from NE during the study period.
Air Quality
The ambient air quality representing PM10, PM2.5 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen
Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) was monitored at eight different locations for
24 hours twice a week from November’20 to January’21. Volatile Organic Carbons
(VOCs), Methane (CH4), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), Ozone, Ammonia,
Lead (Pb), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni) were
monitored for the same period. All the parameters were found to be below the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), 2009. The average 24 hourly
PM10 at monitoring locations ranged between 32.3-78.0 µg/m3 (NAAQS-100 µg/m3).
The average 24 hourly PM2.5 at monitoring locations ranged between 12.0-34.7 µg/m3
(NAAQS-60 µg/m3). The average 24 hourly SO2 at monitoring locations ranged
between 3.4-12.7 µg/m3 (NAAQS-80 µg/m3). The average 24 hourly NOx at
monitoring locations ranged between 6.4-16.3 µg/m3 (NAAQS-80 µg/m3). Lead (Pb),
Benzene (C6H6), Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), HC (methane and
non methane Hydro Carbon), Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) are remained below
detection limit (BDL) in the study area.
Noise Quality
The noise quality was monitored for 24 hours at eight locations within the study area.
The ambient noise quality at day and night was in compliance to the Noise Limits set
for the residential area as per Noise Pollution (Control and Regulations), 2000. The
daytime noise level was found in the range between 51.3-69.4 dBA whereas the night
time noise level was found in the range between 43.6-61.5 dBA
Geology
The area in Prakasam district is underlain by diverse type of rock types belonging to
Achaean to recent age. The coastal plains, older coastal plains and flood plains with
recent alluvium, flood plain deposits and marine sediments forming the land forms in
the north, north east, mid-central and south eastern parts of the district.
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Hydrogeology
The hydrogeological studies to understand the local geology, geomorphic features,
drainage network, aquifer characteristics and yield of water. The crystalline aquifer,
granite-gneiss, system occupy major parts of the district. The crystalline aquifer
system lacks primary porosity and the occurrence, movement of ground water in these
rock types depend on the thickness of weathered zone available and degree of
fracturing/jointing.
Groundwater Quality
Groundwater was collected and analyzed as per IS: 10500:2012 from eight locations
in the study area. All the parameters analyzed was under the acceptable and
permissible limit of IS: 10500:2012. Heavy metals were found to be below detection
limit.
Surface Water Quality
Surface water was sampled from four representative locations. The water samples
were analyzed and compared as per IS 2296. The pH of the surface water samples
varied from 7.1-7.3. The DO levels at all the locations exhibited values ranging from
5.6-6.3 mg/l. Chloride and nitrate content of all collected surface water sample ranges
from 48.4-55.1 mg/l and 1.2-1.5 mg/l respectively. The total coliform count of the
surface water samples varied between 640 MPN/100ml to 710 MPN/100ml.
Land Use
The land use of the study area shows that Majority of the study area is occupied by
scrub land 10660.47 Ha i.e., approx. 31.09%. Fallow land is 30.23%. Water body is
4296.95 Ha. i.e. 12.53%. Agricultural land is 3927.08 Ha. i.e. 11.45%. Built-up Area
(Habitation) occupied 2236.91 Ha (6.52%). Sandy area and Dense Vegetation
occupied by 5.83% and 2.34% respectively.
Soil Quality
The structural and denudational plateaus on proterozoic rocks with pediment and
pediplains occur in the North, South and Central parts of the district. Structured hills,
denudational hills and valleys on sedimentary rocks and colluvial terraces are seen in
the North West, Central and South Western parts of the district. The Dharwar schist,
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Charnockites and peninsular gneisses occur as linear ridges, residual and structural
hills and as shallow to moderately weathered pediplain deposits.
Biological Environment
Baseline Survey and Secondary data received from Forest Department’s Website and
other published and unpublished document regarding ecological habitat and sensitive
flora and fauna in the study area revealed that most of the buffer zone covered with
sparse vegetation like bushes wild Calotropis gigantea, Lantana camara and some
Poaceae species and common trees namely Azadirachta indica, Pongam tree
Ponggamia pinnata, Acacia species, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus mauritiana, and
Prosopis juliflora etc. There are no National Parks or Wildlife Sanctuaries or
Biosphere reserves or important bird areas (IBAs) or Protected Wetlands within 10
km radius of the project site.
Socioeconomic Environment
The socio-economic baseline has been prepared on the basis of available secondary
sources of information was generated through site observation, Individual
Questionnaire Survey (IQS) and Focused Group Discussions (FGD) with the people
living in the villages identified to be within the study area. In addition to this, Field
survey was conducted in the villages from 45 participants. It has also been undertaken
to assess their and awareness and perceptions about the proposed expansion project.
Random interactions were also made with the local communities, PHC centre, stake
holders, and anganwadi workers.
The study area is located in 5 mandals of Singarayakonda, Ulavapadu, Kandukur,
Zarugumilli, 72 villages with 68866 households. The total population in the study area
is 2, 66,709 with male 133273 and female 1,33,436. Children (0-6 Years age) in the
area are 27,237. The total literates and illiterates are 148037 and 118670.
10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
MEASURES
The potential impacts of the project on different components of the environment was
systematically identified and evaluated for significance. The principal concerns that
emerged are:
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Impact on Air Quality
The potential sources of air emissions from the plant is as follows:
Utility emissions from Boiler and DG sets
Fugitive emissions from handling and operation
The existing 30 TPH biomass/coal boiler provided with Electrostatic Precipitator will
be used for the expansion project and 16 TPH (standby) boiler is provided with Bag
Filter. The DG sets are provided with adequate stack height as per the norms and are
being used during power failure only.
Mitigation measures
DG set with appropriate stack height provided;
Periodic sprinkling of water on roads to be done to prevent dust carry off
during vehicle movements;
All the vehicles should be PUC certified;
Proper handling and storage of chemicals, product, fuel and raw material to
minimize the chances of any dust or fugitive emissions.
Impact on Noise Quality
The general noise levels due to construction activities such as working of construction
machineries, transportation vehicles may go sometime up to 85-90 dB (A) at the work
sites. Generation of noise during movement of vehicles carrying materials and loading
& unloading activities. The existing boiler and DG sets will be utilized for the
proposed expansion project. Source of noise will be operation of DG sets during
power failure for which acoustic enclosure is provided.
Mitigation measures
Adequate greenbelt developed in and around the project area as an efficient
barrier for prevention of noise propagation outside the project premises.
Acoustic enclosures provided for the existing DG sets
Impact on Land Environment
The proposed expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD grain-
based distillery is within the existing premises. The total land available for the
distillery is 98.04 Acres and is under the possession of the management. However, to
produce Anhydrous Alcohol @ 99.8% v/v from Rectified Spirit @ 95% v/v for
blending with Motor Spirit, it is proposed to set up Molecular Sieve Dehydration
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(MSDH) plant within the existing premises. The MSDH plant includes installation of
evaporator columns, allied facilities and final product storage tanks.
Mitigation measures
To provide designated storage area with necessary impervious lining and other
structural measures required for prevention of contamination of land due to
mixing of construction materials
Boiler ash sold to brick manufacturing units.
A record with respect to quantity, quality and treatment / management of solid /
hazardous waste shall be maintained
Impact on Water Environment
The total water requirement for the distillery after expansion will be 1746 KLD. The
source of water is from through bore wells from sanampudi village. Recently, the
industry has established its own desalination plant of 4 MLD capacity which is about
7.5 km from the distillery and the water requirement will be met from the desalination
plant. The effluent generated from the ENA/Grain Alcohol production process is
segregated as process effluent (spent wash and spent lees) and effluent from utilities
like Boiler, Cooling Tower, vacuum pump, washings. The company adopted Zero
Liquid Discharge scheme. The domestic wastewater is treated in the sewage treatment
plant of capacity 50 KLD and the treated water is being used for gardening purpose.
Mitigation measures
The industry adopted ZLD to treat the various streams of effluents from the
process and washings
Domestic wastewater is treated in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and reused for
landscaping
Rainwater storage pond existing within the site premises to utilize the run-off
water
Impact on Biological Environment
As noticed during study and topo-sheet map, the project site is far away from the
ecologically potential area. Hence, issue of impacts on ecology during construction of
the expansion project is not envisaged. As the closed tankers and covered trucks will
be used for the transportation of raw material and finished product, there will not be
any fugitive emission. The treated non-process effluent will be utilized for dust
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suppression, ash conditioning and for on land irrigation after ensuring compliance
with CPCB / SPCB norms.
Impact on Traffic and Transportation
The project site is adjacent to the NH-16 and at present approx... 27 nos. of vehicles
are plying to and from the distillery for transportation of raw materials, fuel and
products. The present road condition is good and the alcohol is being transported in
tankers hence there will not be any fugitive dust during transportation.
Impact on Socio economic Environment
Impacts on social environment during operation phase may occur mainly because of
the pollution potentials of the project, hazardous material handling & storage, hazards
associated with hazardous chemical & operations of the project, noise generation, and
traffic load on local approach road. Noise generation from the utilities and other
machineries will be manageable efficiently by provision of noise reduction techniques
& technologies.
CSR activities will be prioritized on local needs, which focus on Health, Education,
Social Mobilization, Infrastructure Development, and Water Harvesting Schemes and
to support Agriculture activities. The production of alcohol will generate large amount
of revenue by way of excise duties levied on the local government.
10.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING PLAN
A full-fledged EHS and OHS team is existing in the plant with multidisciplinary team
of professionals, technical staffs and all necessary infrastructures; and Director
Operations head the team. This team is also responsible for all environment
management activities including environmental monitoring, greenbelt development,
ensuring good housekeeping, ensuring statutory compliance as well as creating
environmentally aware work forces in the plant including the proposed expansion
project. Compliance to statutory provisions, norms of State Pollution Control Board,
Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) the conditions of
the environmental clearance as well as the consents to establish and consents to
operate.
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
CHAPTER - X SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
10 - 10
A comprehensive environmental monitoring plan has been developed for the project.
Monitoring of ambient air quality, noise levels, soil and groundwater quality to be
carried out by MoEF&CC/NABL/SPCB recognized laboratories during the operation
phase.
Proposed CSR Strategy
The management will fulfill Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) requirement as
per the guidelines.
10.8 PROJECT COST
The project cost for the proposed MSDH unit within the plant premises and
production of Ethanol/ENA of capacity 150 KLPD is 12.6 crores.
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
CHAPTER - XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
11-1
11.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED
M/s. SV Enviro Labs & Consultants, Visakhapatnam have carried out Environmental
Impact Assessment and Baseline studies based on the EIA Notification, 2006 and its
subsequent amendments.
11.1 ABOUT SV ENVIRO LABS & CONSULTANTS (SVELC)
SV ENVIRO LABS & CONSULTANTS pioneered its way in the mid 90’s in Yanam,
the evergreen Union Territory, to provide the quality services in the area of
environmental pollution. The laboratory serves have been set up in an extent of 7500 sq.ft
in the city of destiny Visakhapatnam to provide analytical expertise in the field of
Environmental Engineering. Our technical expertise is one among the best in the country,
providing economical & sound environmental and safety solutions.
SVELC is an ISO 9001:2015 company and is accredited by:
ISO 9001:2015
ISO 14001: 2004
Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India,
New Delhi
National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET) registered
Environmental consultants by Quality Council of India (QCI).
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) in
the field of testing
OSHAS 18001: 2007
11.2 SERVICES OFFERED BY SV ENVIRO
Environmental:
Environmental Impact Assessments
Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Audits preparation
Solid and hazardous waste management
Risk assessment and disaster management plans
Occupational health and safety studies
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
CHAPTER - XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
11-2
Socio-economic studies
Marine impact assessment
Rehabilitation and resettlement studies
Analysis:
Environmental monitoring for air, water, soil, noise, ecology, hazardous waste, etc
Industrial emission source monitoring
Offshore sampling and analysis of marine water and sediments
Analysis of water, wastewater, soil, solid waste, hazardous waste, lube oils, etc
Noise quality monitoring
Work zone source emission analysis
The firm has been engaged in the work of Environmental Impact Assessment studies for
category –A & B projects, preparation of Environmental management plans (EMP) for
the past 20 years for the purpose of obtaining clearance from Ministry of Environment,
Forests & Climate Change.
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for expansion of production capacity from 90 KLPD to 150 KLPD Grain Based Distillery by M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited
CHAPTER - XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
11-3
Fig: 11.1 – NABET Certificate
File No.AP PKM IND 04 2020 1794
Goverment of India
State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority
Andhra Pradesh
***
To,
M/s M/S. PEARL DISTILLERY LIMITED
M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited, Old Singarayakonda, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh,
Prakasam-523101
Andhra Pradesh
Tel.No.0891-2755528; Email:[email protected]
Sub. Terms of Reference to the M/s. PEARL DISTILLERY LIMITED (EXPANSION OF
PRODUCTION CAPACITY FROM 90KLPD TO 150KLPD GRAIN BASED DISTILLERY), Sy.
Nos. 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 & 2, 54, 55/1 & 2, 56, etc., Plot No. 791, Old
Singarayakonda village, Singarayakonda Mandal, Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh
Dear Sir/Madam,
This has reference to the proposal submitted in the Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change to prescribe the Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking detailed EIA
study for the purpose of obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of
the EIA Notification, 2006. For this purpose, the proponent had submitted online information in the
prescribed format (Form-1 ) along with a Pre-feasibility Report. The details of the proposal are
given below:
1. Proposal No.: SIA/AP/IND2/52971/2020
2. Name of the Proposal:
M/s. PEARL DISTILLERY LIMITED
(EXPANSION OF PRODUCTION CAPACITY
FROM 90KLPD TO 150KLPD GRAIN BASED
DISTILLERY)
3. Category of the Proposal: Industrial Projects - 2
4. Project/Activity applied for: 5(g) Distilleries
5. Date of submission for TOR: 28 Apr 2020
Date : 06-05-2020
Sri P.V. Chalapathi Rao, I.F.S.
( Member Secretary )
Office : State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA), O/o Andhra
Pradesh Pollution Control Board, D.No.33-26-14 D/2, Near Sunrise Hospital, Pushpa Hotel
Centre, Chalamavari Street, Kasturibaipet, Vijayawada-520010, Andhra Pradesh.
Phone No : 2755528 Mobile : 9148969312
Email id : [email protected]
Note : This is auto tor granted letter.
In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard TOR
for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment
management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed with public consultation
as follows:
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FORPROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
5(g): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTINGENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FORDISTILLERIES AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMPREPORT
A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE
1) Executive Summary
2) Introduction
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation
ii. Information about the project proponent
iii. Importance and benefits of the project
3) Project Description
i. Cost of project and time of completion.
ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project.
iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate landis available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.
iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation.
v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities
vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management.
vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram,man-power requirement (regular and contract)
viii. Process description along with major equipments and machineries, process flow sheet(quantative) from raw material to products to be provided
ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems.
x. Expansion/modernization proposals:
a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained forthe project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of thelatest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forestsas per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulatedin all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. Inaddition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing Iexisting operationof the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.
b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for nottaking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate andConsent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE andCTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliancereport to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted.
4) Site Details
i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justificationfor selecting the site, whether other sites were considered.
ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scaleon an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places)
iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site.
v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site.
vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plantarea, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layoutof Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate.
vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, showphotographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular.
viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (notrequired for industrial area)
ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall beincorporated. Land use details of the study area
x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included.
xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 kmradius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrencefrequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of theproject site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green fieldprojects)
xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition processand expected time of complete possession of the land.
xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy
5) Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable):
i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, andrecommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable)
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FORPROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineatingthe forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)
iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with lateststatus shall be submitted.
iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map dulyauthenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project locationand the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon
v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the StateGovernment for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area
vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to theStanding Committee of the National Board for Wildlife
6) Environmental Status
i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and directionand rainfall.
ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and otherparameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be basedCPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zoneand sensitive receptors including reserved forests.
iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in theNAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values foreach of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexureto the EIA Report.
iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point)and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.
v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, ifyes give details.
vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included.
vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area.
viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines.
ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials,additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc.
x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study areashall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-Ifauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared andfurnished.
xi. Socio-economic status of the study area.
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
7) Impact and Environment Management Plan
i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based onsite-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, theAQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics fordetermining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sourcesof emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details ofthe model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air qualitycontours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitationnearby, sensitive receptors, if any.
ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body
iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environmentshall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials andfinished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be examined.
iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reusedfor different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristicsof untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P)Rules.
v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards.
vi. Measures for fugitive emission control
vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copiesof MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also beincluded. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recovertechniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.
viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailedplan of action shall be provided.
ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shallbe included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greeningof the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.
x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvestrainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also touse for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the waterrequirement from other sources.
xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measuresshall be included.
xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted.
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FORPROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency ManagementPlan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should belinked with District Disaster Management Plan.
8) Occupational health
i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casualworkers
ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is beingevaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far& Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement andperiodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzeddata of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and departmentwise.
iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazardsand whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL,what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workerscan be preserved,
iv. Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health andSafety.
9) Corporate Environment Policy
i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board ofDirectors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bringinto focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA.
iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with theenvironmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearanceconditions? Details of this system may be given.
iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non compliances / violations of environmentalnorms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders atlarge? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report
10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to thelabour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers duringoperation phase.
11) Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the EnterpriseSocial Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to beelaborated upon.
12) Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Lawagainst the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any noticeunder the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and WaterActs? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case.
13) 'A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR.
B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIASTUDIES FORDISTILLERIES
1. List of existing distillery units in the study area along with their capacity and sourcing of rawmaterial.
2. Number of working days of the distillery unit.
3. Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains, their source with availability.
4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler.
5. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard.
6. Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 KL/KL of alcohol produced.
7. Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses/grain based distillery (spent wash, spent lees,condensate and utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge(ZLD).
8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production.
9. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank, material used, design consideration. No. ofpeizometers to be proposed around spent wash holding tank.
10. Action plan to control ground water pollution.
11. Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details ofincinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal.
12. Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable).
13. Action plan to control odour pollution.
14. Arrangements for installation of continuous online monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device)
***
Page 1 of 6
CONSENT ORDER FOR ESTABLISHMENT
Lr.No. 39 /APPCB/CFE/RO-NLR/HO/2016 Dt.20.09.2016
Sub: PCB – CFE - M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited, Sy Nos.49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 &2, 54,55/1 &2, 56 etc., Old Singarayakonda, Prakasam District - Consent for Establishment of the Board for change of raw material and expansion of IMFL under Sec.25 of Water (P & C of P) Act, 1974 and Under Sec.21 of Air (P&C of P) Act, 1981 - Issued - Reg.
Ref: 1) Environmental Clearance dt. 19.07.2007 and Amendment EC order dt. 28.12.2015 issued by MOE&F, GOI.
2) Industry’s application received through Single Desk System on 26.08.2016.
3) R.O’s inspection report dt. 31.08.2016 and mail dt. 12.09.2016. 4) Industry’s lr.dt. 15.09.2016. 5) CFE Committee meeting held on 16.09.2016.
1.
In the reference 2nd cited, an application was submitted to the Board seeking Consent for Establishment (CFE) for change of raw material (CRM) and expansion of IMFL to produce the following with installed capacities as mentioned below, with an additional project cost of Rs. 15.0 crores.
S. No.
Products and By-products
As per CFE dt. 23.05.2005
As per CFE amendment
dt. 06.08.2007 Proposed
Production capacity after CRM & exp.
1 Extra Neutral Alcohol (Grain based)
36.0 TPD 45 KLPD (36.0 TPD)
---
90 KLPD (72.0 TPD)
(grain based)
2 Extra Neutral Alcohol (Molasses based)
32.0 TPD 40 KLPD (32.0 TPD)
45 KLPD (36.0 TPD) (grain based in place of Molasses)
3 Rectified Spirit (Molasses based)
4.0 TPD 5 KLPD (4.0 TPD)
4 Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL)
68.68 TPD 68.68 TPD 85.0 TPD (26,535.50
cases)
153.68 TPD (48,001 cases)
By-product :
1 CO2 --- 25.0 TPD 25.0 TPD 2 Wet Cake 75.0 TPD
(existing) 75.0 TPD 150.0 TPD
2. As per the application, the above activity is to be located in the existing premises at
Sy Nos. 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 &2, 54,55/1 &2, 56 etc., Old Singarayakonda, Prakasam District in an area of 98.0 Acres.
3. The above site was inspected by the Environmental Engineer, Regional office,
Nellore, A.P Pollution Control Board on 27.08.2016 and observed that the site is surrounded by
North : Agriculture land South : Manneru Creek East : NH-5 Road West : Agriculture land
Phone: 23887500 Fax: 040 – 23815631 Website :www.appcb.ap.nic.in
ANDHRA PRADESH POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD PARYAVARAN BHAVAN, A - 3, INDUSTRIAL ESTATE,
SANATHNAGAR, HYDERABAD - 500 018
Single Desk Approval Ref Id : SDPCB008160240
Page 2 of 6
4. The Board, after careful scrutiny of the application, verification report of Regional Officer and recommendations of the CFE Committee, hereby issues CONSENT FOR ESTABLISHMENT FOR CHANGE OF RAW MATERIAL AND EXPANSION OF IMFL to your unit Under Section 25 of Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974 and Section 21 of Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the rules made there under. This order is issued to manufacture the products as mentioned at para (1) only.
5. This Consent Order now issued is subject to the conditions mentioned in Schedule
'A' and Schedule 'B'.
6. This order is issued from pollution control point of view only. Zoning and other regulations are not considered.
Encl: Schedule ‘A’ Schedule `B'
MEMBER SECRETARY To M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited, Sy Nos.49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 &2, 54, 55/1 &2, 56 etc., Old Singarayakonda, Prakasam District-523101. [email protected] Copy to: 1. The JCEE, Z.O., Vijayawada for information and necessary action. 2. The E.E., R.O, Nellore for information and necessary action.
Page 3 of 6
SCHEDULE - A
1. The proponent shall obtain Consents for Operation (CFO) from APPCB, as required Under Sec.25/26 of the Water (P&C of P) Act, 1974 and under sec. 21/22 of the Air (P&C of P) Act, 1981, before commencement of the activity.
2. Notwithstanding anything contained in this conditional letter or consent, the Board hereby reserves its right and power Under Sec.27(2) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Under Sec.21(4) of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 to review any or all the conditions imposed herein and to make such alternation as deemed fit and stipulate any additional conditions by the Board.
3. Floor washing shall be admitted into the effluent collection system only and shall not be allowed to find their way in storm drains or open areas. The industry shall maintain a good housekeeping. All pipe valves, sewers, drains shall be leak proof. Dyke walls shall be constructed around storage of chemicals.
4. This order is valid for period of 7 years from the date of issue.
SCHEDULE – B Water:
1. The source of water is Bore wells from the villages through pipe lines and the maximum permitted fresh water consumption is as following:
S. No.
Purpose Existing (Grain)
Proposed (Grain)
Total (Grain)
1 Process 272.0 272.0 544.0 2 Washings 35.0 35.0 70.0 3 Boiler Feed 40.0 40.0 80.0 4 Industrial Cooling (Makeup) 170.0 170.0 340.0 5 IMFL Blending & Bottling 110.0 136.0 246.0 6 Water Treatment Plant (DM Plant Back wash) 50.0 45.0 95.0 7 Water in molasses -- -- -- 8 Domestic 10.0 10.0 20.0
TOTAL 687.0 708.0 1395.0
2. The maximum waste water generation shall not exceed the following:
S.No Source Existing (Grain)
Proposed (Grain)
Total (Grain)
1. Spent lees 39.5 39.5 79.0 2. Boiler Bleed off 5.0 5.0 10.0 3. Cooling Blow Down 5.0 5.0 10.0 4. Water Treatment plant/Back wash 50.0 25.0 75.0 5. IMFL bottle washings 50.0 10.0 60.0 6. Waste water after decantation 188.5 188.5 377.0 7. Floor washings ---- 10.0 10.0 8. Domestic 8.0 10.0 18.0 TOTAL 346.0 293.0 639.0
Treatment & Disposal :
Source of effluent Treatment Mode of final disposal
IMFL unit, cooling tower & boiler blow downs, RO rejects
Equalization tank, aeration tank, clarifier dual medial filter
RO permeate is reused for cooling purposes.
RO rejects to MEE.
Spent lees, decanter MEE ( 2 x 500 KLD) and drier. Cake is used as cattle feed.
Domestic STP On land for gardening.
Page 4 of 6
3. The Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) shall be maintained properly. All the units of
the ETP shall be impervious and shall be constructed 1m above the ground level to prevent ground water pollution.
4. The industry shall achieve Zero Effluent Discharge and under no circumstances the effluents shall be discharged outside the industry premises.
5. The industry shall store spent less in closed tanks with a maximum capacity of 2-3 days. Under any circumstances the industry shall not store spent less in lagoons.
6. Separate meters with necessary pipe-line shall be provided for assessing the quantity of water used for each of the purposes mentioned below.
a) Industrial cooling, boiler feed. b) Domestic purposes. c) Processing, whereby water gets polluted and pollutants are easily bio-
degradable. d) Processing, whereby water gets polluted and the pollutants are not
easily bio-degradable.
7. The industry shall provide concrete drains near processing sections such that the spillages, leakages are collected and connected to ETP for further treatment.
8. The industry shall provide separate storm water drains along the periphery of the site such that the inplant rain water is collected in collection tank and shall be connected to ETP. Under no circumstances effluent / storm water shall be discharged from the plant premises.
9. Adequate numbers of ground water quality monitoring stations by providing
piezometers around the project area shall be set up. Sampling and trend analysis monitoring must be made on quarterly basis and report shall be submitted to concerned Regional Office.
10. The industry shall provide digital flow meters with totalisers at inlet and outlet of collection tank, MEE feed, separately for measuring effluent generation, treatment and recycled.
Air:
11. The industry shall comply with the following for controlling air pollution:
Existing:
S.N Details of Stack Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack 3 a) Attached to: Boilers D.G. Sets D.G. Sets b) Capacity 12.0 TPH 16.0 TPH 1 x 325 KVA 1 x 750 KVA c) Name of the Fuel : Bio-mass/ Coal Diesel Diesel d) Stack height above
ground (m.) Common stack of 50.0 m
4.0 m 6.0 m
e) Air Pollution Control Equipment:
Bag filters Bag filters Acoustic enclosures
Acoustic enclosures
Proposed:
S.N Details of Stack: Stack 4 a) Attached to: D.G. Set b) Capacity 1 x 1010 KVA c) Name of the Fuel : Diesel d) Stack height above ground (m.) 7.0 m e) Air Pollution Control Equipment: Acoustic enclosures
Page 5 of 6
12. The proponent shall comply with the following for controlling Fugitive emissions:
a. Raw material / Biomass unloading areas shall be provided with dust
suppression system. b. All material transfer points shall be provided with dust extraction system with
bag filters. c. All the conveyors are shall be covered to prevent the fly off of fugitive dust. d. All internal roads are shall be made of Bitumen / concrete to prevent the
fugitive dust to vehicular movement.
13. The proponent shall ensure compliance of the National Ambient Air quality standards notified by MOE&F, GOI vide notification No. GSR 826(E), dated. 16.11.2009 during construction and regular operational phase of the project.
14. The industry shall take appropriate measures to control odour nuisance in the
surroundings and the measures taken shall be reported to Concerned Regional office of PCB before applying for CFO.
15. The industry shall provide continuous online stack monitoring system and shall be networked to APPCB for website display.
16. Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations shall be setup in the down wind direction as well as where maximum ground level concentration of PM2.5, PM10 SO2, NOx are anticipated in consultation with concerned Regional Office.
17. A sampling port with removable dummy of not less than 15 cm diameter shall be provided in the stack at a distance of 8 times the diameter of the stack from the nearest constraint such as bends etc. A platform with suitable ladder shall be provided below 1 meter of sampling port to accommodate three persons with instruments. A 15 AMP 250 V plug point shall be provided on the platform.
18. The generator shall be installed in a closed area with a silencer and suitable noise absorption systems. The ambient noise level shall not exceed 75 dB(A) during day time and 70 dB(A) during night time.
Solid Waste:
19. The proponent shall comply with the following:
S.N Description of Waste Existing Present proposal
After the present
proposal Mode of Disposal
1 Waste Oil 1000 LPA
2000 LPA 3000 LPA Authorized Agencies / used as lubricant within the premises.
2 ETP sludge 1.0 TPM - 1.0 TPM Used as manure 3 STP Sludge 1.5 TPM -- 1.5 TPM Used as manure 4 The mixed boiler ash --- --- 2.5 TPD To brick units
20. The following rules and regulations notified by the MoE&F, GoI shall be implemented.
a) Hazardous waste and other wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.
b) Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989. c) Fly ash notification S.O.2804 (E), dt. 3.11.2009. d) Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules, 2010. e) E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016. f) Construction and Demolition waste Management Rules, 2016.
Page 6 of 6
Other Conditions:
1. The industry shall comply with the following as committed vide lr. dt. 15.09.2016:
The industry shall abandon two lagoons immediately and the sludge from the lagoons shall be disposed off in a scientific manner. Another three lagoons shall be abandoned within a span of one year as committed by the management.
The industry shall sent back the stagnated colored water from unlined lagoons/ lined lagoons to ETP/MEE for further treatment.
the sludge shall be disposed to the farmers as manure .
The industry shall store the cleaning water of the fermenter in above ground level tank.
The industry shall maintain continuous online effluent monitoring system connected to
APPCB / CPCB Website.
The industry shall complete construction of shed to store multiple fuels to avoid the Fugitive Emission being carried away.
Lined platform around the boiler house shall be completed to improve housekeeping.
Green belt with minimum area of 33% of total area, shall be developed in the
vacant area during this monsoon season.
2. The proponent shall ensure that there shall not be any change in the process technology and scope of working without prior approval from the Board.
3. The proponent shall comply with all the directions issued by the Board from time to time.
4. Concealing the factual data or submission of false information/ fabricated data and failure to comply with any of the conditions mentioned in this order and attract action under the provisions of relevant pollution control Acts.
5. Any person aggrieved by an order made by the State Board under Section 25, Section 26, Section 27 of Water Act, 1974 or Section 21 of Air Act, 1981 may within thirty days from the date on which the order is communicated to him, prefer an appeal as per Andhra Pradesh Water Rules, 1976 and Air Rules,1982, to such authority (hereinafter referred to as the Appellate Authority) constituted under Section 28 of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act,1974 and Section 31 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
MEMBER SECRETARY To M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited, Sy Nos.49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/1 &2, 54, 55/1 &2, 56 etc., Old Singarayakonda, Prakasam District-523101. [email protected]
M/s. PEARL DISTILLERLY LIMITED
COMPLIANCE FOR CONSENT FOR ESTABLISHMENT
ORDER No. 39/APPCB/CFE/RO-NLR/HO/2016 Date:20.09.2016.
SCHEDULE - A
S. No CONDITION COMPLIANCE 1 The Proponent shall obtain consents for
operation (CFO) from APPCB, as required
under Sec. 25/26 of the water (P&C of P)
Act, 1974 and Under Sec. 21/22 of the Air
(P&C of P) Act, 1981, before
commencement of the activity.
We are submitting the application for
obtaining the consent for operation from
APPCB as per the conditions.
2. Notwithstanding anything contained in this
conditional letter of consent. The board
hereby reserves its nigh and power Under
Sec.27 (2) of water (Prevention and Control
of Pollution) Act, 1981 to review any or all
the conditions imposed herein and to make
such alternation as deemed fit and stipulate
any additional conditional by the Board.
We will obey the rules and regulations
amended / imposed by APPCB.
3 Floor washing shall be admitted into the
effluent collection system only and shall not
be allowed to find their way in storm drains
or open areas. The industry shall maintain a
good housekeeping both within the factory
and in the premises. All pipe valves, sewers,
drains shall be leak proof. Dyke walls shall
be constructed around storage of chemicals.
For the existing unit we are taking
necessary cautions to not to mix the effluent
into any storm drains and for the expansion
unit also we will do same as per the
conditions of the board. We are maintaining
good housekeeping both within the factory
and in the premises.
4 The order is valid for a period of 7 years
from the date of issue.
Noted.
SCHEDULE –B
1. The source of water is Bore wells from the villages
through pipe lines and the maximum permitted fresh
water consumption is as following:
S.N
o.
Purpose Existi
ng
(KLD)
Propos
ed
(KLD)
Total
(KLD)
1. Process 272.0 272.0 544.0 2. Washings 35.0 35.0 70.0 3. Boiler Feed 40.0 40.0 80.0 4. Industrial Cooling
(Makeup) 170.0 170.0 340.0
5. IMFL Blending & Bottling
110.0 136.0 246.0
6. Water Treatment Plant (DM Plant Back Wash)
50.0 45.0 95.0
7. Water in molasses -- -- -- 8. Domestic 10.0 10.0 20.0
687.0 708.0 1395.0
The water consumption will be
within permitted limits only. We
will not exceed the Board
permitted limits.
2. The maximum waste water generation (KLD) shall not
exceed the following.
S.No.
Source Existing (KLD)
Proposed
(KLD)
Total (KLD)
1. Spent lees 39.5 39.5 79.0 2. Boiler Feed
off 5.0 5.0 10.0
3. Cooling blow down
5.0 5.0 10.0
4. Water Treatment Plant /Back wash
50.0 25.0 75.0
5. IMFL Bottling washing
50.0 10.0 60.0
6. Waste water after decantation
188.5 188.5 337.0
7. Floor Washing
-- 10.0 10.0
8. Domestic 8.0 10 18.0
We will not generate the waste
water beyond the board permitted
levels.
346.0 293.0 639.0 Treatment & Disposal
Source of
Effluent
Treatment Mode of final disposal
IMFL Unit,
cooling tower &
boiler blow
downs, RO
rejects
Equalization
tank, aeration
tank, clarifier
dual medial
filter
RO Permeate
reused for cooling
purpose.
RO rejects to
MEE
Spent, decanter MEE(2X500
KLD) and
drier
Cake is used as
cattle feed.
Domestic STP On land for gardening.
3. The Effluent Treatment (ETP) shall be maintained
properly. All the units of the ETP shall be impervious
and shall be constructed 1m above the ground level to
prevent ground water pollution.
We are maintaining Effluent
Treatment Plant properly.
4. The industry shall achieve Zero Effluent Discharge and
under no circumstances the effluent shall be discharged
outside the industry premises.
We are maintaining zero effluent
discharge and under no
circumstances effluent will not be
discharged outside the industry
premises.
5. The industry shall store spent less in closed tanks with a
maximum capacity of 2-3 days. Under any circumstances
the industry shall not store spent less in lagoons.
We are storing spent less in
closed tanks with a maximum
capacity of 2-3 days.
6. Separate meters with necessary pipe line shall be
provided for assessing the quantity of water for each of
the purpose mentioned below.
Industrial Cooling, boiler feed
Domestic purpose
Processing, whereby water gets polluted and
pollutants are easily bio degradable.
We provided separate meters with
necessary pipeline.
Processing, whereby water gets polluted and the
pollutants are not easily bio-degradable.
7 The industry shall provide concrete drains processing
sections
Such that the spillages, leakages are collected and
connected to ETP for further treatment.
We provided concrete drains
processing sections.
8 The industry shall provide separate storm water drains
along the periphery of the site such that the inplant rain
water is collected in collection tank and shall be
connected to ETP. Under no circumstances
effluent/storm water shall be discharged from the plant
premises.
As instructed we will provide
separate storm water drains along
the periphery for collecting rain
water following to ETP and will
ensure there will be no discharge
of effluent/storm water from
plant premises.
9. Adequate numbers of ground water quality monitoring
stations by providing piezometers around the project area
shall be set up. Sampling and trend analysis monitoring
must be made on quarterly basis and report shall be
submitted to concerned Regional Office.
As instructed by board will be
followed
10. The industry shall provide digital flow meters with
totalisers at inlet and outlet of collection tank, MEE feed,
separately for measuring effluent generation, treatment
and recycled.
We provided digital flow meters
with totalisers at inlet and outlet
of Collection tank, MEE feed,
separately for measuring effluent
generation, treatment and
recycled.
Air:
11. The industry shall comply with the following for
controlling air pollution:
Existing:
S.
No.
Details of Stack Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack 3
a) Attached to: Boilers D.G. Sets D.G. Sets
b) Capacity 12.0 TPH 16.0 TPH 1X325
KVA
1X750
KVA
All the prescribed norms will be
followed.
c) Name of the
fuel:
Bio-maa/Coal Diesel Diesel
d) Stack height
above ground
(m.)
Common stack of 50.0 m 4.0 m 6.0 m
e) Air Pollution
Control
Equipment:
Bag Filters Bag Filters Acoustic
Enclosures
Acoustic
Enclosures
Proposed:
S. No. Details of Stack: Stack 4
a) Attached to: D. G. Set
b) Capacity 1 X 1010 KVA
c) Name of the fuel: Diesel
d) Stack height above ground (m.) 7.0 m
e) Air Pollution Control Equipment: Acoustic Enclosures
12. The proponent shall comply with the following for
controlling Fugitive emissions:
a. Raw material/Biomass unloading areas shall be
provided with dust suppression system.
b. All material transfer points shall be provided with
dust extraction system with bag filters.
c. All the conveyors are shall be covered to prevent
the fly off fugitive dust.
d. All internal roads are shall be covered to prevent
the fly off of fugitive dust.
We are following the Mitigation
measures as instructed by board.
13. The proponent shall ensure compliance of the National
Ambient Air quality standards notified by MoEF , GOI
vide notification No. GSR 826 (E), dated. 16.11.2009
during construction and regular operational phase of the
project.
All the prescribed norms will be
followed.
14. The industry shall take appropriate measures to control
odour nuisance in the surroundings and the measures
taken shall be reported to Concerned Regional office of
PCB before applying for CFO.
We are taking appropriate
measures to control odour
nuisance in the surroundings.
15. The industry shall provide continuous online stack We provide online stack
monitoring system and shall be networked to APPCB for
website display.
monitoring system.
16. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations shall be setup
in the down wind direction as well as where maximum
ground level concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx
are anticipated in consultation with concerned Regional
Office.
Ambient Air Quality monitoring
stations are in down wind
direction.
17. A sampling port with removal dummy of not less than 15
cm diameter shall be provided n the stack at a distance of
8 times the diameter of the stack from the nearest
constraint such as bends etc. A platform with suitable
ladder shall be provided below 1 meter of sampling port
to accommodate three persons with instruments. A 15
AMP 250 V plug pint shall be provided on the platform.
We will follow as per your
directions
18. The generator shall be installed in a closed area with a
silencer and suitable noise absorption systems. The
ambient noise level shall not exceed 75 dB (A) during
day time and 70 dB(A) during night time.
We installed DG sets in a closed
area with a silencer.
Solid Waste:
19. The proponent shall comply with the following:
S.
No.
Descriptio
n of waste
Existing Present
Proposal
After the
present
proposal
Mode of
disposal
1 Waste Oil 1000 LPA 2000 LPA 3000 LPA Authorized
Agencies/ used
as lubricant
within the
premises
2 ETP
SLudge
1.0 TPM --- 1.0 TPM Used as
manure
3 STP
SLudge
1.5 TPM --- 1.5 TPM Used as
manure
4 The
mixed
boiler ash
--- --- 2.5 TPD To brick units
All the prescribed norms will be
followed.
20. The following rules and regulations notified by the We are following the Rules and
MoE&F, GoI shall be implemented.
a) Hazardous waste and other wastes (Management
and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.
b) Manufacture, Storage and import of Hazardous
chemicals Rules, 1989.
c) Fly ash notification S.O.2804(E), dt.3.11.2009
d) Batteries (Management) Rules, 2016.
e) E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016.
f) Construction and Demolition waste Management
Rules, 2016.
regulations notified by the
MoE&F, GoI.
Other Conditions:
1. The industry shall comply with the following as
committed vide lr. dt. 15.09.2016
The industry shall abandon two lagoons
immediately and the sludge from the lagoons
shall be disposed off in a scientific manner.
Another three lagoons shall be abandoned within
a span of one year as committed by the
management.
The industry shall sent back the stagnated colored
water from unlined lagoons/lined lagoons to
ETP/MEE for further treatment.
The sludge shall be disposed to the farmers as
manure.
The industry shall store the cleaning water of the
fermenter in above ground level tank.
The industry shall maintain continuous online
effluent monitoring system connected to
APPCB/CPCB Website.
The industry shall complete construction of shed
to store multiple fuels to avoid the Fugitive
Emission being carried away.
Lined platform around the boiler house shall be
We have already
abandoned two lagoons
immediately and the
sludge from the lagoons
disposed in a scientific
manner and another three
lagoons will be abandoned
with in a span of one year.
We are sending the
stagnated colored water
from unlined lagoons to
ETP for further treatment.
The sludge disposed to the
farmers as manure.
We constructed shed to
store multiple fuels to
avoid the fugitive
emission.
We maintaining good
housekeeping.
completed to improve housekeeping.
Green belt with minimum area of 33% of total
area, shall be developed in the vacant area during
this monsoon season.
We are developing green
belt in the vacant area.
2. The proponent shall ensure that there shall not be any
change in the process technology and scope of working
without prior approval from the Board.
We will follow as per your
directions. Without approval from
Board we will not alter process
technology and scope of working.
3. The proponent shall comply with all the directions issued
by the Board from time to time.
We will follow as per your
directions issued by Board.
4. Concealing the factual data or submission of false
information/fabricated data and failure to comply with
any of the conditions mentioned in this order and attract
action under the provisions of relevant pollution control
Acts.
Noted and we ensure that we will
follow all the conditions
mentioned in order.
5. Any person aggrieved by an order made by the State
Board under Section 25, Section 26, Section 27 of Water
Act, 1974 or Section 21 of Air Act, 1981 may within
thirty days from the date on which the order is
communicated to him, prefer an appeal as per Andhra
Pradesh Water Rules, 1976 and Air Rules,1982, to such
authority (hereinafter referred to as the Appellate
Authority) constituted under Section 28 of Water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act,1974 and
Section 31 of the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981.
We will strictly follow the rules
and regulations stipulated from
Board authorities.
Page 1 of 2
CONSENT ORDER FOR AMENDMENT
Order No. 39 /APPCB/CFE/RO-NLR/HO/2016 Dt: 18.04.2018
Sub: APPCB – CFE – M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited, Sy Nos: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/ 1, 2, 54, 55/1 & 2, 56 etc, Old Singarayakonda, Karedu Village, Prakasam District – Consent for Establishment of the Board for installation of additional boiler under Sec.25 of Water (P & C of P) Act, 1974 and Under Sec.21 of Air (P&C of P) Act, 1981 - Issued - Reg.
Ref: 1) EC order dt. 19.07.2007 & Amendment order dt. 28.12.2015. 2) CFE order dt. 20.09.2016 3) Industry’s application received through AP Single Desk on 16.03.2018. 4) R.O’s inspection report dt. 20.03.2018. 5) RO: Nellore mail dt. 17.04.2018.
* * * *
1.
The Board issued CFE(Expn.) to the industry vide reference 2nd cited to produce the following:
S.
No. Products
Quantity
1 Extra Neutral Alcohol (Grain based) 90 KLPD (72.0 TPD)
2 Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) 153.68 TPD (48,001 cases)
S. No. By-products Quantity 1 CO2 25.0 TPD 2 Wet Cake 150.0 TPD
2. In the reference 3rd cited, an application was submitted to the Board seeking Consent for Establishment (CFE) for installation of additional multi fuel fired Boiler of capacity 30.0 TPH with an investment of Rs.15 Crores. It is proposed to operate the 30.0 TPH boiler regularly and other two existing boilers of 12.0 TPH & 16.0 TPH will be operated during 30.0 TPH Boiler taken for maintenance.
3. As per the application, the above activity is to be located within the existing industry premises at Sy Nos: 49/1, 2, 50 & 51, 47, 48, 53/ 1, 2, 54, 55/1 & 2, 56 etc, Old Singarayakonda, Karedu Village, Prakasam District in an area of 98.04 acres.
4. The above site was inspected by the Environmental Engineer, Regional office, Nellore, A.P Pollution Control Board, on 19.03.2018 and observed that the site is surrounded by
North : Agriculture land
South : Manneru Creek
East NH – 5 road
West : Agriculture land
Website :www.appcb.ap.nic.in
ANDHRA PRADESH POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD D.No. 33-26-14 D/2, Near Sunrise Hospital, Pushpa Hotel Centre,
Chalamalavari Street, Kasturibaipet, Vijayawada – 520010.
ANDHRA PRADESH POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD D.No. 33-26-14 D/2, Near Sunrise Hospital, Pushpa Hotel Centre,
Chalamalavari Street, Kasturibaipet, Vijayawada – 520010.
Page 2 of 2
5. The Board, after careful scrutiny of the application and verification report of Regional
Officer hereby issues AMENDMENT TO CFE ORDER dt. 20.09.2016 under Section 25 of Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974 and Section 21 of Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the rules made there under as following:
a) The table mentioned at Condition No. 11 under schedule – B of the CFE order shall be
read as following: 11. The industry shall comply with the following for controlling air pollution after
installation of additional boiler:
S. No
Details of Stack
Stack 1 Stack 2 Stack 3 Stack 4
a) Attached to Boilers D.G. Set D.G. Set D.G. Set b) Capacity 12.0 TPH
(existing) 16.0 TPH (existing)
30 TPH (New)
1 x 325 KVA
1 x 750 KVA
1 x 1010 KVA
c) Name of the Fuel
Bio-mass/ Coal Diesel Diesel Diesel
d) Stack height above ground (m.)
Common stack of 50.0 m
4.0 m 6.0 m 7.0 m
e) Air Pollution Control Equipment
Multi cyclones followed by Bag filters
Multi cyclones followed by Bag filters
Electro static
precipitator (ESP)
Acoustic enclosures
Acoustic enclosures
Acoustic enclosures
b) The industry shall operate 30.0 TPH boiler regularly and other two existing boilers of 12.0
TPH & 16.0 TPH shall be operated during 30.0 TPH Boiler taken for maintenance.
c) The table mentioned at Condition No. 19 under schedule – B of the CFE order shall be read as following:
19. The proponent shall comply with the following:
S. No
Description of Waste
Qty. as per CFE order dt.
20.09.2016
Qty. after installation of
new boiler Mode of Disposal
1 Waste Oil
3000 LPA 3000 LPA Authorized Agencies / used as lubricant within the premises.
2 ETP sludge 1.0 TPM 1.0 TPM Used as manure 3 STP Sludge 1.5 TPM 1.5 TPM Used as manure 4 The mixed boiler ash 2.5 TPD 5.0 TPD To brick units
d) The industry shall provide adequate ash silo with mechanical handling system for collection
of boiler ash to control fugitive emissions.
e) All other conditions stipulated in the CFE order dt. 20.09.2016 remain the same.
MEMBER SECRETARY To M/s. Pearl Distillery Limited, Old Singarayakonda, Karedu (V), Lopadu (M), Prakasam District. [email protected]
S
N
W E
TURBINE HOUSE18.00m x 9.00m
COOLINGTOWER
13.00m x 8.20m
COOLINGTOWER
4.55m x 8.20m
COOLINGTOWER
10.05m x 8.20m
COOLINGTOWER
4.55m x 6.50m
WEIGH BRIDGE14.50m x 5.00m
ROOM6.46m x 3.46m
6.00
4.55 10.05
1000 KVA DGSET
6.00m x 7.00m
6.00
7.00
PAN
EL
RO
OM
10.5
0m x
6.0
0m
SUB
ST
AT
ION
24.00
16.0
0
RE
CY
CL
ING
WA
TE
R P
UM
P6.
00m
x 6
.00m
SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC TANK5.00m x 5.00m
VEHICLE PARKINGSHED 10.00m x 15.00m
CA
R P
AR
KIN
G S
HE
D20
.00m
x 1
0.00
m
L A W NL A W N
g a t e
15.00
COOLINGTOWER
10.05m x 8.20m
10.051.50
1.50
TS
3.00
3.00
7.00
R
O
A
D
R
O
A
D
R
O
A
D
R
O
A
D
R
O
A
D
R O A D
R
O
A
D R
O
A
D
R O A D R O A D R O A D
R O A D R O A D R O A D R O A D
R O A D R O A D R O A D R O A D
12.00
15.0015.08
L A W NSECURITY
ROOM10.00 m x 3.50m
L A W N
R O A D
R O A D
g a t e
WELL
VIJ
AY
AW
AD
A
CH
EN
NA
I
N .
H -
5
N .
H -
5
12.0
0
D
R A
I N
D
R A
I N
D
R A
I N
D
R A
I N
D
R A
I N
SEPT
IC T
AN
K I
N L
ET
SEPT
IC T
AN
K I
N L
ET
12.2
010
.00
10.0
0
g a t e
OLD SINGARAYA KONDA (M),PRAKASAM Dt.(SCALE:- 1:400)
AREA STATEMENTA- BLOCK - 4115.16 Sq .mtMEZZANINE FLOOR - 2930.47 Sq .mtB - BLOCK - 4115.16 Sq.mtMEZZANINE FLOOR - 1018.00 Sq .mtC - BLOCK - 4115.16 Sq.mtMEZZANINE FLOOR - 1440.00 Sq.mtE - BLOCK - 972.00 Sq.mtFERMENTATION - 1732.00 Sq.mtFIRST FLOOR - 1732.00 Sq.mtDISTILLATION(ALL FLOORS) - 2876.00 Sq.mtGRAIN EVAPORATION - 221.00 Sq.mtGRAIN STORES - 698.74 Sq.mtW.T.P - 249.64 Sq.mtI.M.E.E PLANT - 115.60 Sq.mtGRAIN LIQUEFACTIONSECTION - 204.00 Sq.mtMEE + MPR PLANT - 417.56 Sq.mtGRAIN FEMENTATION - 1080.00 Sq.mtGRAIN CONVEYER - 161.00 Sq.mtGRAIN MILLING - 417.60 Sq.mtE.T.P LAB - 92.89 Sq.mtWEIGH BRIDGE - 22.35 Sq.mtTURBINE HOUSE - 162.00 Sq.mtCOOLING TOWER - 106.60 Sq.mtCOOLING TOWER(2No'S) - 31.53 Sq.mtCOOLING TOWER(2NO'S) - 82.41 Sq.mtCOOLING TOWER - 42.00 Sq.mtM.V.PANAL ROOM - 72.00 Sq.mtVEHICLE PARKING - 128.00 Sq.mtCAR PARKING - 200.00 Sq.mtCRECH ROOM - 72.00 Sq.mtMOLASYS PUMP HOUSE - 19.89 Sq.mtDIGESTOR - 1568.00 Sq.mtMOLASSES TANK - 1568.00 Sq.mtPRO.TEMPLE - 26.64 Sq.mt
TOTAL - 32805.84 Sq.mt
APPLICANT
ARCHITECT :-
STREET LIGHT WITH 1 NO's 250 W HPSV LAMPS
STREET LIGHT WITH 2 NO's 250 W HPSV LAMPS
FLOOD LIGHT LUMINARE
PROPOSED
P o
w e
r
H o
u s
e
1
5.70
x 1
7.70
M.V.P a n e l
PFC
P -
II
PFC
P -
IL
.S.B
S -
1
S -
2
S -
3
S -
4S
- 7
S -
8S
- 5
S -
6S
- 9
S -
12
S -
11
S -
10
R -
4
S -
15
S -
14
S -
13
S -
18
S -
17
S -
16
S -
19
S -
20
S -
21
R -
3
R -
2
R -
1
R -
9
R -
8
R -
7
R -
6
R -
5
R -
10
R -
11
R -
12
BT
- 3
0
BT
- 2
9
BT
- 2
8
BT
- 2
7
BT
- 2
6
BT
- 2
5
1 2 3
3.22
0.56
1.60
2.05
Ble
nd F
ilter
s
BT
- 3
2
BT
- 3
3
BT
- 3
4
BT
- 3
1
BT
- 3
6
BT
- 3
5
R/S
D
CA
BIN
UP
UP
MA
NA
GE
R
4.00
x 6
.00
D
CABIN (EXCISE)
3.75 X 4.60M
WO
RK
SH
OP
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
3032
3836
3739
4140
4231
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
3032
3836
3739
4140
4231
BO
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LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
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R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
3032
3836
3739
4140
4231
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
3032
3836
3739
4140
4231
1.20
35.69
RS
RS
/ V
RS1
RS
RS
RS1
RS
S/D
S/D
D
3.84
x 4
.00
BL
EN
DIN
G L
AB
DW
1
3.84
x 5
.69
MA
TE
RIA
L S
TO
RE
SB
LE
ND
ING
D
3.84
x 5
.69
INC
HA
RG
EW
2
3.84
x 5
.69
CA
BIN
W2
D
W / V W / V
TA
BL
E
40 K
L40
KL
40 K
L
40 K
L
40 K
L
40 K
L
40 K
L
40 K
L
40 K
L
40 K
L
40 K
L40
KL
40 K
L40
KL
40 K
L
40 K
L
50 K
L
50 K
L
50 K
L
FILTERS
UP
BL
EN
DIN
G H
AL
L19
.17
x 35
.54
WARE HOUSE 35.61 x 35.54
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
FIL
LE
R/
SEA
LE
RL
AB
EL
LE
R
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
FIL
LE
R/
SEA
LE
RL
AB
EL
LE
R
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
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RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
FIL
LE
R/
SEA
LE
RL
AB
EL
LE
R
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
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RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
FIL
LE
R/
SEA
LE
RL
AB
EL
LE
R
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
BO
TT
LE
WA
SHIN
G15
.91
x 35
.54
UP
UP
50 K
L
50 K
L
50 K
L
6.00
10 K
L10
KL
3.84
x 4
.23
QC
IN
CH
AR
GE
3.84
x 3
.00
SEN
SOR
Y L
AB
DD
BT
-1
BT
-2
BT
-3
BT
-4
BT
-5
BT
-6
BT
-19
BT
-20
BT
-21
BT
-18
BT
-17
BT
-16
BT
-15
BT
-14
BT
-22
BT
-23
BT
-24
BT
-7
BT
-8B
T-9
BT
-10
BT
-11
BT
-12
BT
-13
W / V
W / V
PRO
DU
CT
ION
30
30
30
30
32
32
33
33
35
35
36
36
36
36
38
38
38
38
39
39 39
39
40
40
40
40
41 41
41
41
42
42
42
42
37
37
37
LIQ
UO
R S
ER
VIC
E T
AN
K
LIQ
UO
R S
ER
VIC
E T
AN
K
LIQ
UO
R S
ER
VIC
E T
AN
K
LIQ
UO
R S
ER
VIC
E T
AN
K RS1
RS
RS1
RS
D
3.84
x 4
.86
W2
3.84
x 4
.86
CA
BIN
W2
D
UP
9.59
R/S
R/S
R/S
RS RS
R/S
WA
RE
HO
USE
-231
.74
X 2
9.36
M
CA
BIN
UP
UP
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
30
3238
36
3739
4140
4231
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
30
3238
36
3739
4140
4231
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
30
3238
36
3739
4140
4231
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
30
3238
36
3739
4140
4231
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
30
3238
36
3739
4140
4231
0.70
EX
IST
ING
ME
ZZ
AN
INE
FL
OO
R
465.
97 S
QM
31.7
4
29.36
41.8
8
4.00
W / V W / V
R/S
WARE HOUSEC-BLOCK
B-BLOCK
A-BLOCK580.33 sqm
702.48 sqm
702.48 sqm
29.36
WARE HOUSE
R/S
W / V W / V
R/S
R/S
W / V W / V
W / WW / WW / WW / WW / W
Statue
RE
CY
CL
ING
WA
TE
R P
UM
P6.
00m
x 6
.00m
RE
CY
CL
ING
WA
TE
R P
UM
P6.
00m
x 6
.00m
RAIN WATERHARVESTING PIT
PUMPS
320
KV
A D
G S
ET
750
KV
A D
G S
ET
FIREPUMP
HOUSE
37
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
30
3238
36
3739
4140
4231
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
R30
3836
3739
40FI
LL
ER
33FI
LL
ER
3435
31
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
3032
3836
3739
4140
4231
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
EC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
3032
3836
3739
4140
4231
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
FIL
LE
R/
SEA
LE
RL
AB
EL
LE
R
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
30
32
36
38
39
40
41
42
37
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
FIL
LE
R/
SEA
LE
RL
AB
EL
LE
R
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
30
32
36
38
40
41
42
37
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
30
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
R30
3836
3739
40FI
LL
ER
33FI
LL
ER
3435
31C
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
3939
APPROVED :-
12.0
0
4.254.254.254.506.004.504.504.504.504.504.504.50
1.20
PASSAGE5.84m WIDE
6.00
HAMALIES ROOM4.20 x 6.00
4.254.504.50 4.25 4.254.50
COL. 300X450
D
WORKSHOP& BATTERY CHARGING ROOM31.34 x 12.00
D
D
LADIES WAITING HALL 21.17 X 12.00
GENTS TOILETS 4.20 X 6.00
D
tread:300rise:150
1.201.801.20
RS
PROPOSEDFLAVORSSTORAGE
ROOM4.27X6.00
DD DRS
LADIES TOILETS4.20 X 12.00
81.00
PROPOSEDLADIES
TOILET ROOM4.20X12.00
D
CANTEEN4.20 X 6.00
HAND WASH 4.20 X 6.00
D
REST ROOM 4.20 X 6.00
PROPOSEDENZYMES
ROOM4.27X6.00
D
wash basins
Toilet DD Toilet
D D DToilet Toilet Toilet
wash basins
Urinals
wash basins
Toilet DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
Toilet
Toilet Toilet
Toilet Toilet
Toilet Toilet
Toilet Toilet
Toilet Toilet
D
4.23 x 4.00 ROOM
RS
R/S
R/S
WARE HOUSE(GROUND FLOOR)/ ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE (FIRST FLOOR)
DATE:-10.02.2021
Toilet DD Toilet
Toilet DD Toilet
Toilet DD Toilet
Toilet DD Toilet
Toilet DD Toilet
IME
E P
LA
NT
17.0
0 x
6.80
m
T2
T1
LIQ
UE
FAC
TIO
N I
IA
RE
A :
6.80
x 1
7.00
mG
RA
IN C
ON
VE
YO
R
WTP
R.O WATERSUMP
SUMP
RAW WATERFILTERS
TU
BE
SET
TL
ING
TA
NK
BO
ILE
RC
HIM
NE
Y
BLOCK - D
D
R A
I N
SPEC
IAL
SPIR
ITS
STOR
AGE
ROOM
R/S
GENTS DORMITORY(G.F) / LADIESDORMITORY
( MEZZANINE FLOOR)PURCHASE
ENGG. STORES
GENTSTOILETS(G.F)
LADIESTOILETS
(M.F)
EXCISE & EXECUTIVES
ENGG.STORES
PURCHASEDEPT.STAFF
DEPT.STAFF
DEPT.STAFF
RE
CY
CL
ING
PLA
NT
32.37
52.5
0
MOLASSESPUMP HOUSE
AIR
CO
MPR
ESS
OR
SHE
D
DIGESTER26m Ø
GAS HOLDER10 m Ø
LAMELLACLARIFIER
SET
TL
ING
CO
MPR
ESS
OR
RE
CIR
CU
LA
TIO
NPU
MP
P.H
.E
E.T
.PPU
MP
WA
SHSU
MP
CONT
ROL
ROOM
COOL
ING
TOW
ER
RAW WATER SUMPMOLASSES
PUMP HOUSE
L A W N
L A W N
CONDENSATECOLLECTION
TANK
07
40.795.56
76.14
GR
AIN
SIL
OS
51.44
GRAIN FEEDSECTION
FERMENTOR-6
MEE + MPR PLANT14.60m x 28.60m
GRAINFERMENTATION24.00m x 45.00m
GRAIN MILLINGPLANT
24.00m x 17.40m
STILL HOUSE19.20m x 17.00m
GRAINEVOPORATION13.00m x 17.00m
FERMENTATIONBUILDING
32.20m x 52.50m
( MEZZANINE FLOOR)
R O A D
GLASS SCRAP
GLASS SCRAP GLASS SCRAP
SEPTICTANK
SEPTICTANK
BLOCK - E
RS
contractorsroom
OHC room
14.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
1.82
1.82
2.59
4.57
4.20
5.79
7.80
GANESH TEMPLE3.65 X 3.65
MUKHA MANDAPAM3.65 X 3.65D
15.68
8.06
13.17
8.94
DD
lift
COMPOUND WALL
CO
MPO
UN
D W
AL
L
COMPOUND WALL
WA
SHSU
MP
16.29
12.95
1.50
M.V.P a n e l
SEPTIC TANK
TOOLS STORAGE SHED6.00m x 9.00m
WORKSHOP15.00m x 10.00m
FILTER
5.09
CABIN3.50 x 4.00
D D
PROPOSED
4.00 x 4.00CABIN
D D
PROP
OSED
AIR
COM
PRES
SOR
SHED
85KL DMwater storage tank
Proposed chemicalstorage room
4.00m x 4.00m
Total Builtup area - 64240.00 Sqm = 15.87 Acres
45.53
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
R30
3836
3739
40FI
LL
ER
33FI
LL
ER
3435
31
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
R30
36FI
LL
ER
33FI
LL
ER
3435
31
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
SEA
LE
R
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
RC
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
FIL
LE
R
3032
3836
3739
4140
4231
L-7L-14L-13L-12L-11L-10
L-9L-25L-15L-6L-5L-4L-3L-2L-1
L-17L-18L-19L-20L-21L-22L-8L-16
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
30
BO
TT
LE
W
ASH
ER
LA
BE
LL
ER
TA
BL
ER
OL
LE
R C
ON
VE
YO
R30
3836
3739
40FI
LL
ER
33FI
LL
ER
3435
31C
AR
TO
N
SE
AL
ER
3939
L-16
RE
CY
CL
ING
WA
TE
R P
UM
P6.
00m
x 6
.00m
RE
CY
CL
ING
WA
TE
R P
UM
P6.
00m
x 6
.00m
D
CRECHE4.60 X 3.75M
LAWN
5.008.75
8.50
11.70
0.99
5.00
10.0
07.
00
4.00
Ø4.
00
Ø4.
00
Ø4.
00
Ø7.
00
Ø8.
00
Ø8.00
Total Builtup area (ETHANOL PLANT) - 3600.24 Sqm
38.74
89.0
0