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Ms. Tripolone
HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVES OF
PSYCHOLOGY
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WHAT IS PSYCHOLOG
Y?
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vo4pMVb0R6M
CRASH COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
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Psychology (vocab) – the scientific study of mental processes and behavior
Seeks to answer questions about all of us
How and why we think, feel, and act as we do
Behavior – almost any activity
Mental – anything the mind is capable of
Goal – to understand human behavior
PSYCHOLOGY
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WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY USED
FOR?
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CounselingChild rearing Study of human interactions and personalities Layout of storesColors used to draw attention CommercialsHuman developmentIntelligence Testing ETC.
PSYCHOLOGY
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WHAT DO YOU THINK YOU KNOW ABOUT THE HUMAN
MIND AND BEHAVIOR? ON THE NEXT SLIDE READ THE
STATEMENTS AND WRITE WHETHER YOU THINK IT IS
TRUE OR FALSE.
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1. It is a myth that most people use only about 10% of their brains.2. During your most vivid dreams, your body may be paralyzed.3. Psychological stress can cause physical illness.4. The color red exists only as a sensation in the brain. There is no
red in the world outside the brain.5. Bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder is caused by a conflict in the
unconscious mind. 6. The newborn child’s mind is essentially a “blank slate” on which
everything he or she will know is “written” by experience. 7. Everything that happens to us leaves a permanent record in
memory.8. You were born with all the brain cells that you will ever have.9. Intelligence is a nearly pure genetic trait that is fixed at the same
level throughout a person’s life. 10. Polygraph (lie detector) devices are remarkably accurate in
detecting physical responses that, in the eye of a trained examiner, reliably indicate when a suspect is lying.
MYTHS: TRUE OR FALSE
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1. True – We use all parts of our brain every day2. True – During REM our voluntary muscles are paralyzed 3. True – The link between mind and body can make you sick4. True – All colors are created in the brain5. False – Evidence shows that there is a strong biochemical
component in bipolar6. False – Newborns have a large amount of built in abilities and
protective reflexes7. False – No evidence shows that all events of our lives are in
memories8. False – Some parts create new brain cells throughout life9. False – Intelligence is the result of both heredity and
environment 10. False – even the most expert polygrapher can incorrectly
classify a truth-teller as a liar or fail to identify a liar
MYTHS ANSWERED
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Early history Early philosophers try to answer the questions of the mindSocratesPlatoAristotle
One of the earliest debates that continues today nature vs. nurture
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
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Other early influencesRene Descartes – first real concept of nerves
Francis Bacon – a founder of modern science
John Locke – Born as a “blank slate”
Charles Darwin – study of evolution and natural selection
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
John Locke
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Empiricism – the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore rely on observation and experimentation
Use of objective vs. subjective science
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
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Wilhelm Wundt Considered the father of
psychology Started the first laboratory
to study human behavior William James
Founder of American psychology
Studied how humans adapt and react to their environment
Focused on individual development
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
Wilhelm Wundt
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Sigmund Freud Developed the idea of
psychoanalysis Developed the first
comprehensive theory of personality
Believes personality is based of unconscious desires
John B. Watson Developed the idea of
behaviorism Studied the impact of
learning on human behavior
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
John B Watson
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Structuralism – use of introspection to explore structural elements of the mind (unreliable because it depended on a person with intrapersonal intelligence)
Functionalism – how our mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish
Experimental Psychology – explore behavior and thinking with experiments
EARLY THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
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Behaviorism – we are the product of learned associations and they study behavior without the reference to mental processes
Humanistic – people are essentially good and of the potential for personal individual growth
Cognitive Neuroscience – the study of brain activity linked with mental activity; how we perceive process and retain information
THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
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Biological Psychology – focuses on physical responses and reactions in the body
Evolutionary Psychology – studying behavior based on natural selection
Cognitive Psychology – the study of mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
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Psychoanalytical – Freud’s theory that claims people are cesspools of desire driven by sex and aggression hidden in the unconscious since childhood
Psychodynamic Psychology – modern idea that focuses on unconscious desires
Social-cultural – the study of how culture impacts behavior and thinking
THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
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THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
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Experimental Psychologist – conduct research and gather information
Applied Psychologist use the information provided from the experimental psychologist
RESEARCHING PSYCHOLOGY
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Biological Psychologists – study links between brain and mindDevelopmental Psychologist – study womb-tomb Cognitive Psychologist – study how we perceive, think and
solve problemsEducational Psychologist – study influences on teaching and
learning Social Psychologist – explore how we view and affect one
another
TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGIST
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Industrial-organization Psychologist – helps organizations and companies in the workplace select, train, and manage employees
Human Factors Psychologist – focuses on the interaction between people, machines, and physical environment
Counseling Psychologist – help people cope with problems
Clinical Psychologist – assess and treats mental, emotional, and behavior disorders
Psychiatrist – medical doctors licensed to practice medicine and prescribe drugs
TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGIST