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MSC 134MSC 134Fishing Gear Technology IIFishing Gear Technology II
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“Fish tagging programs are a vital part of a fishery manager’s tools for assessing fish populations. Conducted properly, tagging can yield a wealth of information, including data about movement patterns, population structure, and mortality rates.”1
When marking fish – think about the reason for marking.Identifying an individual fish or a group of fish?Will the mark affect the fish’s behavior or
increase mortality?What are the chances that the tag will be lost
or misidentified?There are a variety of tagging and marking
methods available.
1. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission: http://www.fishtag.info/index.htm 2
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Tagging and Marking MethodsBiological (Natural
Methods)
Parasitic MarksMorphological
MarksGenetic Marks
ChemicalMethods
Immersion Injection Feeding
Physical (Mutilation or Tags)
External Mutilation Tags
Internal Tags
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Physical MethodsMutilation – Clipping or punching fins or other body
parts which can later be used to identify individuals.
Branding – Uses hot or cold instruments against the body of a fish in order to produce an identifiable mark for recognition.
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Physical Methods
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Tags – Internal and External
Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission: http://www.fishtag.info/index.htm
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Physical: Common Tag TypesInternal
Thermal TagsMicro-tagsCoded Wire TagsSubcutaneous TagsBody Cavity Tags
Passive Integrated Transponder Tags (PIT)
Radio Tags Sonar Tags DST GPS Fish Tag
Data Storage Tag (DST) Global Positioning System
(GPS)
ExternalVisible Implant Elastomer
(VIE)Paper FastenersStrap TagsDart /Anchor/ Streamer Tags
Spaghetti Tags Dangler Tags
Carlin Tags
Disc Tags Petersen Discs Carlin Tags
Specialized Electronic Tags Pop-off Satellite Tag (PSAT) Global Positioning System
(GPS)
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VIE Tag
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Occasionally referred to as Opercle Tags
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A tagged red drum, about to be released.
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Petersen Disc tag below the dorsal fin of a warmouth.
Carlin darter tag attached to a walleye.
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Physical MethodsExternal
Advantages Can be seen without dissection of the fish. Many allow for individual recognition. Inexpensive.
Disadvantages Can cause higher mortality by:
Attracting predators. Interfere with locomotion. Make the organism more susceptible to disease and
infection.11
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Physical: Common Tag TypesInternal
Thermal TagsMicrotagsCoded Wire TagsSubcutaneous Tags (VIE)Body Cavity Tags
Passive Integrated Transponder Tags (PIT) Acoustic Tags Radio Tags Sonar Tags
DST GPS Fish Tag Data Storage Tag (DST)
Archival Tags Global Positioning System
(GPS)
ExternalVisible Implant Elastomer
(VIE)Paper FastenersStrap TagsDart /Anchor/ Streamer Tags
Spaghetti Tags Dangler Tags
Carlin Tags
Disc Tags Petersen Discs Carlin Tags
Specialized Tags Pop-off Satellite Tag (PSAT) Global Positioning System
(GPS)
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A small piece of wire injected into juvenile fish using small applicators or by hand.
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Various body cavity tags generally require “in the field” surgical implantation.
VEMCO acoustic transmitters.
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Pop-off Satellite Archival Tags. (PSAT)
Tethered Acoustic Tag
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Physical MethodsInternal
Advantages Do not protrude from the body. Do not require removal of parts of the fish. Non-toxic and may put less stress on the fish
compared to other tagging methods. Can be inexpensive. *see disadvantages
Disadvantages Can be expensive. *see advantages
Trained personnel are necessary. Recovery is difficult.
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Electronic TagsPassive Integrated Transponding Tags (PIT)
Inserted using a veterinary syringe.Decoded with portable hand-held readers or
automatic readers.Tag detection range is very short.
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Electronic TagsContinuously Transmitting Radio and
Acoustic TagsLarger than PIT tags – require an internal
battery.Accurate geo-location is possible by a variety
of methods.Attachment of the tag can be internal or
external.The detection range is generally less than 100
meters. May extend to a kilometer in some instances.
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• Continuously Transmitting Radio and Acoustic Tags
Pulsed TagsRadio tags.
Non-programmable pulsed radio tags. Programmable pulsed radio tags.
Acoustic tags. Non-programmable pulsed acoustic tags.
Combined Acoustic and Radio Tags (CART) Hybrid tag: combines components of both radio &
acoustic tags. Allow individual fish to be tracked between salt and
freshwater.Coded tags
Coded radio tagsCoded acoustic tags 19
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Electronic TagsTransponding Acoustic Tags
Transmit an acoustic signal only when they receive an interrogation pulse from a sonar.
Size of tag varies according to frequency and range.Can be used for physical or physiological data
telemetry.Data Storage Tags (DST’s)
Also known as Archival Tags.Some tags can record data for up to 5 years and store
the information for up to 20 years.To retrieve the information, the tags must be
recovered from the fish.High cost of the tags are offset by the enormous
amount of data that can be generated from a single tagged animal.
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VEMCO VR2W Positioning System (VPS)
VEMCO Telemetry
Local Surveys and ResultsCape Fear River Watch – Striped Bass
Cape Fear River - Shad
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Suppliers / CostsBiomark
Fish Tagger
Floy Tag
Microwave Telemetry, INC.
Northwest Marine Technology, INC.
Weetags
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Bibliographic Citations“About Tagging” Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission.
22 April, 2011. 15 June, 2012. http://www.fishtag.info/aboutTagging.htm
Bridger, C.J., Booth, R.K. “The Effects of Biotelemetry Transmitter Presence and Attachment Procedures on Fish Physiology and Behavior.” Reviews in Fisheries Science 11 (1) (2003): 13-34
“Fish Tagging and Marking Techniques” Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2009. 15 June, 2012. http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/Fish_Tagging_Marking_Techniques.shtml
Gibbons, J. Whitfield, Andrews, Kimberly M. “PIT Tagging: Simple Technology at Its Best.” BioScience 54, (2004): 447-454
“Making Waves in Acoustic Telemetry” VEMCO. 2011. 13 June, 2012. http://www.vemco.com/index.php
Thorsteinsson, V. “Tagging Methods for Stock Assessment and Research in Fisheries.” Report of Concerted Action FAIR – Marine Research Institute Technical Report (79). 2002: 26-81
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