KARANATAKA STATE OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.SC CHEMISTRY
SYLLABUS
Regulations Governing ‘M.SC Chemistry
1. Title of the Program: M.SC CHEMISTRY
2. Duration of the Program: 2 Year
3. Nature of the Program: Semester System
4. Eligibility Conditions: B.Sc (Chemistry / Bio-Chemistry)
5. Allocation of Credits – Total -74- Credits
6. Evaluation System :
The distribution of marks for evaluation in each subject shall be as
follows –
Theory Subjects :
Internal assessment 20 marks
Term End University Examination 80 marks
Practicals :
Internal assessment ( for each practical) 20 marks
Term End University Examination 80 marks
Project :
Internal Assessment 50 marks
University Examination 150 marks
Minimum for pass :32 marks per course in theory and aggregate 40%
including assessment
Course exemption : 40% marks and above in each course
IYEAR-I Semester
Subject
Code Course Title Credits
INT
MARKS
EXT
MARKS
TOTAL
MARKS
I SEMESTER
1.1 Organic Chemistry-I 4 20 80 100
1.2 Inorganic Chemistry-I 3 20 80 100
1.3 Physical Chemistry 4 20 80 100
1.4 Environmental Chemistry 4 20 80 100
1.5 Laboratory-Inorganic
Chemistry 4 20 80 100
II SEMESTER
2.1 Organic Chemistry-II 3 20 80 100
2.2 Inorganic Chemistry-II 4 20 80 100
2.3 Physical Chemistry-II 4 20 80 100
2.4 Bio-organic Bio-Inorganic, and
Bio-physical Chemistry 4 20 80 100
2.5 Laboratory-Inorganic
Chemistry 4 20 80 100
III SEMESTER
3.1 Organic Chemistry-III 4 20 80 100
3.2 Inorganic Chemistry-III 4 20 80 100
3.3 Physical Chemistry-III 4 20 80 100
3.4 Computational Chemistry 3 20 80 100
3.5 Laboratory-Physical Chemistry 4 20 80 100
IV SEMESTER
4.1 Principles of Analytical
Chemistry 4 20 80 100
4.2 Surface Chemistry 4 20 80 100
4.3 Chemistry of materials 4 20 80 100
4.4
Project 5 50 150 200
SUBJECT CODE: 1.1
SUBJECT: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - I
UNIT I
Mechanism of electron displacement in Organic molecules: Effect of
structures in the dissociation constant of acids bases-EDA complexes crown
ether complexes – inclusion compounds – Quantitative treatment of the effect
of structure on reactivity – the hemmett relationship – significance of reaction
of reaction and substituent constants – application of the Hammett equation –
Limitation and deviations.
Introduction to reaction mechanism – reactive intermediates – free radicals –
carbenes nitrenes – carbanios – carbocations – Formation and stability of these
species. Aromatic electrophillic disubstitition – partial rate factors. Kinetic and
non – kinetic methods of, determining organic reaction mechanism.
UNIT II
Stereochemistry: Study of symmetry of molecules-as symmetric and
dissymmetric molecules-concept of chirality and optical isomerism-molecules
with more than one chiral centre – Axial chairality in allenes, biphenyls and
spiranes. R, S – notation of the above molecules, stereocpecificity and
steroselectivity, asymmetrics synthesis – Cram’s rule – Prelog’s rule. E, Z –
nomenclature of geometrical isomers.
Conformational Analysis: Conformations of cyclic systems up to six-
membered – conformational analysis of mono-and disubstituted cyclohexanes –
Effect of conformation of decalins per hydro phenentherenes.
UNIT III
Alkaloids: Structure, synthesis and stereochemistry of the following alkaloids.
Quinine, Norphine, streptomycin and Tetracyclin.
Antibiotics: Structure and synthesis of the following: Chloramphenicol,
cephalosporin – C, penicillin, streptomycin and Tetracyclin.
UNIT IV
Aromatic: Benzenoid and non-benezenoid aromatic compounds-Hackle’s rule
concept of homoaromaticity and anti-aromaticity – systems with 2,4,6,8, and
10 electrons. Annulenes – Fulvene, azulene and tropolones.
Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis and reactions of sydnones, carbazole
and imidadole – structure elucidation of flavones, quercetin, cyanic, caffeine,
theobromine and theophylline.
UNIT V
Aliphatic and aromatic nuclecophillic substitution : SN1and SN2
mechanisms – effect of substrate structure, nucleophile, leaving group and the
solvent on nucleophillic substitution-symphoria – NGP due to n π and
electrons SN1, SN2, SNi and SN I; mechanisims.
Eliminations: E1,E2, and E1,CB mechanism – effect of the subsrate structure,
base solvent and the leaving group on elimination – Hofmann, saytzess and
Bredt’s rules. Aromatic nucleophillic, substitution – benzyne mechanism – von
Richter rearrangement.
Mechanism of addition to multiple bonds: Stereo chemical factors in the
addition of the following to carbon – carbon double bonds, hydrogen halogens,
hydrogen halide hydro oration – hydroxylation. Mechanism of mannich
reaction, Claisen ester condensation, Dieckman condensation, sobbed
condensation Darzen’s reaction, Refomatsky reaction, Witting and Grignard
reactions – Stock’s enamine reaction – Michael addition.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
UNIT I
1. The Modern structure Theory of Organic Chemistry L.N.Fergusar-Prentc
Hall.
2. Mechanism and Structure in Organic Chemistry E.S Gould-Henry Holt
& Co
3. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry-T.H.Lowry and
K.S.Richarson.
4. Organic Chemistry-S.Pine Mc. Graw Hill, kogakusha LTD.
5. Advanced Organic Chemistry-Jerry March,J.Wiley.
6. Organic Chemistry –R.T Morrison and Boyd, Prentice Hall.
7. A Guide book to Mechanism in Organic chemistry. P.Sykes- Orient
Longman.
8. Organic Chemistry Vol.IIl Finar ,ELBS
9. Fundamental of Organic Reaction Mechanism J.M. Harris and C.C
Warnser –John Wiley & Sons
10. Reaction Mechanism In Organic Chemistry –BanSal
11. Advance Organic Chemistry –Part –A F.A Carey and R.j Sundberg
12. Correlation Analysis In Orgsnic Chemistry- J.Shorter –Clarendress.
Press, oxford
UNIT II
1. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds- E.L.Eliel, Mc. Graw Hill.
2. Introduction to Stereochemistry –K.Miislow –Benjamin
3. Stereochemistry –V.M Potapov- MIR Publishers.
4. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds –Principle & Application,
D.Nasipuri - Wiley-Eastern LTD
5. Sterochemistry –Conformation and Mechanism –R.S Kalsi –Wiley
Eastern.
6. Organic Chemistry –Vol II ELBS
UNIT III
1. The Alkaloids-Bentley-Inter Science Publishers.
2. Chemistry of Alkaloids –Pelletier
3. The Chemistry of Organic Nature Products –O.P Agarwal- Goel
Publishing House.
4. Organic Chemistry Vol I.L Finar ELBS
5. Monograph Series as “The Alkaloids”
6. Medical Chemistry –A .Burges- Academoc Press
UNIT IV
1. Aromatic Character and Aromaticity –G.M. Badger –CamBridge
2. Aromaticity –S.J Garelt Hill.
3. Advance Organic Chemistry –J.March, Wiley
4. Organic Chemistry Vol. I& II- Finar ,ELBS
5. Chemistry of Heterocyclic compound –R.M. Acheson –Wiley Eastern.
6. The Chemistry of Organic Natural Products- O.P Agarwal –Goel
Publishing House.
UNIT V
1. The Mechanism and Theory In Organic Chemistry T.H Lowry and K.S
Richardson.
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry –J.March, Wiley.
3. Mechanisms and Structure in Organic Chemistry .E.S Gould- Henry Holt
& Co, New York.
4. Fundamental of Organic Reaction Mechanisms J.M. harris and C.Warser
–John Wiley & sons.
5. AGuide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry P.Sykes –Orient
Longman
6. Reaction Mechanism In Organic Chemistry –Bansal
7. Organic Chemistry –R.T Morrison &R.N Boyd
8. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds- E.L Eliel –Mc Graw Hill.
9. Organic Chemistry Vol-IL Finar
10. Advanced Organic Chemistry –Part A F.A Corey and R.J sundberg-
Plemum Press
SUBJECT CODE: 1.2
SUBJECT: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
UNIT I
Bonding and Stereochemistry: Electronic Configuration of element
0signification of quantum number- polyelectronic atom- Pauli’s- Aufbau
principle-qualitative treatment of VB and MO theory –σ and Л bonds –
hybridisation and resonance- application of VB and MO theory –the electro
deficient molecule-boron hydrides and metal alkyls.
Bond order –Bound energy- bound length- bound polarity-partial ionic
character-eletronegativity and different scales of Pauling, mulliken, Aldrich and
Rochow and Sanderson Scales- Coversion to Pauling scale- periodicity of
electronegatirity, electron affinity and ionic radius-lattice energy affinity or
lattice energy –covalent character ionic compounds- different types of
electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bounding Stereochemistry, VSEPR,walsh
diagrams (tri and penta atomic molecules) d Л – p Л bounds Bent’s rule and
energetic of hybridisation –use of Bents rule – “apicophilicy”.
UNIT II
Solid State Chemistry: Elements of Crystallography- Space lattice –Unit cell-
crystal systems – X-ray diffraction ,Bragg’s equation –Bragg’s methods-
rotating method and power method of X-ray diffraction –Struture of typical
Lattices such as calcite Zinc blende, Wurtzite Rutile, Fluorite’ antifluorite,
pervosakite.Crystal defects in solids-line and plane defects –non-stoichiometry-
scjotty and Frenkel defects and colour centers: Solid electrolytes.
Free electron and band theory –semiconductors- Hall effect –Photovoltaic and
solar energy conversion –superconductivity-high temperature super
conductors- cooper electrons - Meissenner effect and levitation.
UNIT III
Nuclear Chemistry: Radioactivity and modes of decay – σ, β and y – Different
types of nuclear reaction with natural and artificial particles – Q value, cross
section, spellation, fission and fusion. Characteristics of fission reaction,
product distribution and for fission of liquid drop model, fissile and fertile
isotopes: nuclear fusion and stellar energy. Transmutation of elements and
chemical effect on transmutation. Isotopes and their application, radioactive
analysis and counting techniques Geiger –Muller, Ionisation; proportional and
scintillation counter)
Radio analytical Methods: Neutron activation analysis-Isotopic dilution
methods- Radiometric titrations.
UNIT IV
Coordination Chemistry and Magnetism: Bounding in coordination
Compound Nature of metal- ligand bound: VB theory-Electro neutrality
principle and back bounding –crystal field effects for
octahedral,tetragonal,square planar and tetrahedral symmetries, application of
CFT –Site preferences; spectrochemical series and nephalauxitic effect :MO
theory for octahedral, complexes- pi bounding and MOT;- static and dynamic
Jahn-Teller behaviour.
Magnetic behaviour-dia, Para, Ferro and antiferro magnetisms: magnetic
moment determination by Guoy and Faraday methods; Spain only value and
its deviation-Quenching of orbital angular moment a and spin-orbit coupling.
Determination of geometry of Co and Ni complexes from magnetic data. Spam
Cross over Phenomenon; magnetic properties of lanthanides and actinides.
UNIT V
Metallurgy and Inorganic Polymers: Occurrence, isolation, purification,
properties and uses of the following metals and their important compounds: Zr,
Ge, Pu, Th, U and Os.
Silicates: Various silicate structure- property correlation- silicones –polyacids-
structure of heteropoly and isopolyacids- Polymeric sulphur nitride-borazines –
phosphonitrilic compounds- boranes and carboranes
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Jame E. Huheey, Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and
Reactivity (Harper Collins)
2. K.F. Parcel and J.C Kotz, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (Saunders
Golden)
3. G.C.Demitrass et.all, Inorganic Chemistry,(prentice Hall).
4. B.E Douglas, D.H.Mc. Daniel and J.J Alexander, Concepts and Models of
Inorganic Chemistry.
5. H.J Emeleus and A.G. Sharpe, Modern Aspect of Inorganic Chemistry.
6. M.C Day Jr and J. selbin, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, East West
Press.
7. F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic chemistry, John Wiley.
8. N.N.Greenwood and a Earn show, chemistry of Elements, pregamon.
9. L.Araroff, Introduction to solids, Tata Mc Graw –Hill.
10. C.Kittel, Introduction to Solids State physics, Wiley Eastern.
11. A.F Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, ElBS.
12. M.V. Keeer, Principales of the Solid state, Wiley Eastern.
13. A.R. West Solid State Chemistry and Application ,Plinom.
14. D.k. Chakrabarthy, Solid Stete chemistry Ne Age International.
15. S.Glasstone, Sources Book on Atomic Energy .East West Press.
16. H.L Armiger, Essential Of Nuclear chemistry, Wiley Eastern.
17. G.Fridlander, J.W Kennedy E.S.Macias and J.M.Miller.
18. Nuclear and Radio chemistry. John Wiley and Sons.
SUBJECT CODE: 1.3
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I
UNIT I
Thermodynamics: Thermodynamics of the system of Variable Composition.
Partial Molar quantities a partial Mol or volume , Experimental determination,
chemical potential, Gibbs Duhem Equation- Thermodynamic properties of real
gases- Fugacity, Determination of fugacity of real gases, the concept of activity
for condensed states, Thermodynamic equation of states- derivation and
application. Maxwell there modynamic relations.
Thermodynamic Properties at absolute Zero: De Dondee treatment of
Chemical Equilibrium-non equilibrium thermodynamics, entropy production,
on sager Reciprocal Relationship. Three compound system-Partially miscible
three liquid systems, formation of one pair two Paris and three pairs of partially
miscible liquids. System composed of two solids and a liquid. Gystallisation of
pure components only, formation of solid solution and partial miscibility of
solid phases.
UNIT II
Quantum Mechanics-I: Postulates of quantum mechanics. Schrödinger time
independent equation Wave function Operation- Linear and hermit an
Operator, Method of settings up quantum mechanical operation. Eigen
Function and Eigen values. Degeneracy, Orthogonality and normalisation of
wave function .commuting and non-commuting operators. Non-commuting
operators and uncertainty principle.
Application of Quantum mechanics of simple system –free particle, particle in
ID Box, particle in 3D (Cubic box and rectangular) Box, simple harmonic
oscillator rigid rotator and hydrogen atom.
UNIT III
Quantum Mechanics-II: Approximation method- Perturbation theory (first
order only) and variation method secular equation and secular determinants.
Helium atom and Effective nuclear charge. Electron spin and Paul is principle
Slater determinant, Born- Oppenheimer approximation. Hatree Fock self
Consistent Field methods of many electron systems. LCAO approximation MO
methods for H2+H2 VB treatment of hydrogen molecule .Hybridisatiin. Huckel
theory of conjucated systems bound order and charge density calculation,
Application to ethylene and butadiene.
UNIT IV
Statistical Thermodynamics: Aim of Statistical thermodynamics. Boltzman
distribution law and its derivation. Partition function. Derivation of expression
for translation; rotational and vibrational partition function. Thermodynamic
properties from partition function. Quantum statists –Fermi Dirneand Bose –
Einstenin and Debye theories of heat capacities of Solids
UNIT V
Electrochemistry: Debye – Huckel theory of ion interaction derivation and
experimental verification activity co-efficient Debye Huckel Limiting Law.
Modification of Debye Huckel Limiting law. Kinetics of electrode processes-
Butler- volmer equation Tafel curves electrical double layer –Zeta Potential-
Electro kinetic Phenomena
Vollammetry and Paleography – current –voltage relationships, dropping
mercury electrode, half-wave potential , Application of Polargraphy,
Coulometry- Primary and secondary coulometric analysis, anperometric
titrations, chronopotentiometry - cyclic voltammery Electrochemical energy
conversion- storage and fuel cells Thermodynamics of fuel cells
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. S.Gasstone –Thermodynamic for chemists.
2. S.Glasstone-An introduction to electro chemistry.
3. B. Viswanathan, etal Electro chemistry.
4. DR Crow, Principles and Application of Electrochemistry
5. L.Antropov,Theoretical electrochemistry.
6. A.k Chandra, Introductory Quantum chemistry.
7. J, Raja ram and J. Kuriacose, chemical Thermodynamic.
8. I.N. Levine, Quantum chemistry.
SUBJECT CODE: 1.4
SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
UNIT I
Environmental and Ecosystem: Introduction to Environmental chemistry Its
Concept and scope; environmental segments- atmosphere, hydrosphere,
lithosphere and biosphere. Environment and ecosystem; biogeochemical cycles
of water and elements C, N, O, S and P.
UNIT II
Atmosphere and air Pollution: Evolution chemical composition and structure
of atmosphere chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere –oxides of
S,N and C and their effect; green house gases and global warming
;photochemical smog, acid rain and ozone hole formations. EI Nino
Phenomennon; partilates and activity in atmosphere. Analysis and Control of
Air Pollutants .Air Pollution episodes-TCDD,Bhopal and Chernobyl disasters.
UNIT III
Hydrosphere and water polluction: Various water resources and their
characteristics; water polluction-source and classification; organic, inorganic
and radioactive pollutants; samping and analysis of water pollutants; water
quality parameters and standards; determination of water quality parameters.
Fluorosis and defluoridation; water treatment processes and preservation.
Some case studies of water pollution.
UNIT IV
Lithosphere and soil pollution: Chemical composition; micro and macro
nutrients in soil pollution by fertilizers, persticides, plastics and heavy metal
compounds. Plants as indication of soil polluction. Natural resources – Mineral
resources – metals and non-metals; fuel and energy resources – coal,
petroleum, natural gas, solar energy, hydrogen from water cleavage and tidal
and wind energy. Natural organic and inorganic vermicompost fertilizers.
Biofertilisers – blue-green algae rhizobium, azospirillum and phospobacteria.
UNIT V
Environmental Restoration: Environmental resotation – waste disposal and
their management by chemical and biological methods, recycling and further
use of waste; conservation of forests and wild life.
The state of global environment and earth summit. India’s effort in
environmental protection – the environment act 1986 and its amendment;
participation of voluntary agencies in environmental protection.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A.K.De, Environmental Chemistry, New Age publishers, New Delhi,
3rd edn.3rd reprint 1996.
2. B.K.Sharma and H.Kaur, Environmental Chemistry, Goel publishing
House, Meercut, 3rd edn.1996-97.
3. G.S.Sodhi, Environmental Chemistry, Narosa publishing House, New
Delhi, 2000.
4. C.Baird, Environmental Chemistry, W.H.Freeman and Company, New
York 1995.
5. E.P.Odum, Fundamentals of Ecology, W, B.Saunders publications.
6. S.S.Dara, A textbook Of Environmental Chemisrty And Polluction
Control, S.Chand & Company, New Delhi.
SUBJECT CODE: 1.5
SUBJECT: PRACTICALS –I ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
a) Separation and Characterisation of two Component mixtures
b) Two Stage preparations involving nitration, brominating, diazotization,
rearrangement and aceylation.
c) Separation of binary mixture (separation to be given in semi-micro
quantity only report and complete separation of the components required
-15% marks
d) A bifuncational Organic substance will be give separately for analysis.
Derivational to be reported -25% marks
e) Preparation involving 2 stages- Recrystallisation final Product and the
Crude Products are to be exhibited -20% marks
f) Viva Voice -20% marks
g) Record - 20% marks.
IYEAR-II Semester
SUBJECT CODE: 2.1
SUBJECT: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II
UNIT I
UV, IR & Mass Spectroscopy: Absorption spectra of conjugated dienes & α,β–
unsaturated carbonyl compounds – Woodward – fieser rules – spectra of
aromatic and heterocyclic compounds – Scott’s rule – solvent effects.
Vibrational frequencie of alkenes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers,
phenols, amines, acids, esters & amides. Effect of hydrogen bonding & solvent
effects on absorption frequencies – Fermi resonce.
Molecular ion peak – base peak – metastable peak – nitrogen rule – Mc,
Laffertly rearrangement – isotopic peak – fragmentation pattern of organic
compounds.
UNIT II
1H-NMR, 13C—NMR, ORD & C,D: 1HNMR – Principles of NMR – Chemical shift
– spin – spin coupling, delta & tall values of aliphatic, olefinic, aromatic,
carboxylic, enolic, phenolic, alcoholic protons.
Chemicals exchange – deuteration – simplification of complex spectra – double
resonance- shift regents. 13C NMR – chemical shift & coupling constants of
aliphatic, aromatic & carbonyl carbons.
ORD & CD – principle – Types of ORD curves – α, haloketone rule – octant rule
– applications of these in the determination of configuration & conformation of
simple monocyclic & bicyclic ketones.
UNIT III
Terpenes: Structure and synthesis of α, pinene, zingiberene, r-bisabolene α,
santornine, abietic acid – Biosynthesis of alkaloids.
Steroids: Classification – structure elucidation of cholesterol – synthesis of
orgosterol and roster one, testosterone, estrone & progesterone – bilacids.
Prostaglandin: General study – structure & synthesis Of PGEI & PGFI
Vitamins: Vitamins AI, BI, B2, B6, C, D, &B
UNIT IV
Organic photochemistry: Thermal & photochemical reactions – Allowed &
forbidden transition - Jablonski diaglran, photochemical reactions of mentones
– photosensitization - Norrish Type I & II reactions – paterno – Buchi reaction
Per cyclic reaction – conservation of orbital symmetry – electro cyclic reactions
– cycloaddition reactions and sigma tropic rearrangements – Applications of
correlation diagram approach, Huekel – Mobius approach to the above
reactions.
Molecular Rearrangement: Migratory aptitude of groups – Mechanisms of the
following rearrangements – Wagner – meerwin, Demjanov, Baeyer villager
oxidation – Favorski, dienone – phenol, di – π- Ullmann, Hunsdiecker,
Hofmann – Lofler – Freytag reactions.
UNIT V
Reagents in Organic synthesis: Use of the following reagents in organic
synthesis – complex metal hydrides – lithium dimethyl cup rate, lithium di-
isopropylamide, DCC, Trimethyl sily lodide, DDQ, SeO2,peterion’s synthesis
Organiometallic reagents menthy1 lithium, aluminum tertiary but oxide,
aluminum isopropoxide.
Planning synthesis: Synthon – synthetic equivalent – Relay, Linear &
Convergent synthesis – functional group Interco version – use of activating &
blocking groups – streoselective problems of geometrical & optical isomerism –
retrosynthetic anaylsis of γ Bisabolene & cis – jasmine. Transition metal
complexes in organic chemistry – homogeneous hydrogenation – diastereo
selectivity enantioselectivity.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
UNIT I & II
1. Application of Absorption Spectroscopy.
2. J.R.Dyer, prentice Hall.
3. Organic Spectroscopy – W.Kemp – Palgrave Third Edition
4. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds – S.M, Silverstein,
G.V.Bassler and T.C.Morril – Willy.
5. Interpretation of Carbon – 13 Spectra
6. F.W.Whirli and T.Wirtilin
7. Organic Spectroscopy – V.R.Dani – tata Mc Graw Hill publishing
company Ltd.
8. Spectroscope methods in organic chemistry – D.H. Williams and lan
Fleming, tata Mc.Graw Hill.
9. Elementary Organic spectroscope principles and chemical applications. –
Y.R.Sharma – S.Chand & Co.
10. Organic spectroscopy – principles and application. - Jag mohan –
narosha publishing house.
11. Stereo chemistry of carbon compounds – E.L.Eliel – Mc – Graw
Hill.
12. Mass spectrometry – principles and applications – I, Howe, D.H.
Williams and R.D.Bowen – Mc graw Hill.
13. Organic chemistry – Vol II I.L.Finar,ELBS
14. ORD and CD in chemistry and Biochemistry – Academic press.
UNIT III
1. Organic Chemistry Vol II – I.L, Finar – ELBS.
2. Chemistry of Terpenoids – Paul de mayo – Vol I & II – Academic press.
3. The Chemistry of Organic Natural Products – O.P.Agarwal – Goel
publishing house.
4. Steroids – L.Fieses and mary fiese – Reinhold
5. Steroids – Shoppe
6. The Chemistry Steroids –W.Klyne –Methuen and Co, New York.
7. The Prostaglandins Vol I
8. Ram well – Plenum press.
9. Principles of Organic synthesis – R.O.C.Norman
10. The Chemistry of vitamins – S.F.Dyke – Intersience.
11. Medicinal Chemistry – A. Burger – academy press.
UNIT IV
1. Organic Photochemistry – J.M.Coxton, B.Halton – Cambridge University
press.
2. Organic Chemistry – R.T.Morrison and R.N.boyd – prentice, Hall.
3. Organic Chemistry – H.Pine Mc Graw Hill
4. Molecular Reaction & Photochemistry C.H.Depuy & O.L.Chapman –
prentice Hall.
5. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. S.M.Mukherji & S.P.singh
6. Pericycle reactions. Mukherji & singh.
7. The Conservation of Orbital symmetry R.B. Woodward & Hofmann.
8. Verlog Chemic Gmbh & Academic Press.
9. The Importance of Antibonding orbitals - H.H.Jaffe & M.Orchin.
10. An Introduction to conservation of Orbital symmetry. A.J.Bellemy –
Longman
11. Aspect of Organic Photochemistry - William M. Horse pool.
12. Academic press – London.
13. Advanced Organic Chemistry – J. March – Wiley.
14. A Guide book to mechanism in Organic Chemistry – peter sykers –
Orient Longman
15. Mechanism & structure in Organic Chemistry – E.S.Goud – Henry
Holt
&co
16. Reaction Mechanism & structure in Organic Chemistry – Gurdeep
17. R.Chatwal.Himalaya publishing house.
18. Organic Chemistry Vol I.L.Finer ELBS
19. Molecular Rearrangments P.De Mayo
20. Organic Reaction and Reagents – J.N .Gurtu, R. Kapoor - S.Chand
& Co. (p) Ltd.
21. Name Reaction & Mechanism (Vol I & II) - J.N.Gurtu, S.C. Rastogi
S.K.Agarwall - Pragati prakashan.
UNIT V
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry J.March - Wiley
2. Reaction Mechanism and reagents in Organic chemistry guedeep R-
chatwel. Himalaya publishing house.
3. Organometallics in Organic synthesis. J.M.Swan & D.St.C.Black
Chaman & Hill text – Book series.
4. Organometallic chemistry – gurdeep Chetwall, Y. Yadav. Himalaya
publishing house.
5. Priciples of Organic Synthesis – R.O.C.Norman Chapman & Hill, London,
6. Some Modern Methods of organic Synthesis W.Curruthers-Cambridge,
University press.
7. Advanced Organic Chemistry – part B, F.A.Carrey & R.J.Sundberg.
8. A programmed synthon Approach – S. warren – John Wiley & sons.
9. Organic synthesis – R.E. Ireland. Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd.
10. Organic chemistry, R.T.Morrison & R.N.Royd Prentice Hall
11. Guide Book to Organic Synthesis – R.K.Malki & D.M.Smith – ElBS
– Longman.
12. Organic synthesis – Michael B.Smith, Mc.Graw Hill, International
Edition.
SUBJECT CODE: 2.2
SUBJECT: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
UNIT I
Coordination Chemistry –Stability and Reactions: Stability and instability
of complexes- determination of stability constants by potentiometric and
spectrophotometric methods, factors stability chelate and template effects.
HSAB concept and Symbiosis: theretical basic of softness and hardness;
stabilization of Unusual Oxidation states.
Kinetic stability –Lability and interness, Ligand Substitution reaction of square
planar complex –Factors affecting reactivity of square planar complex
Substiution reaction in octahedral complexes- acid hydrolysis ,base hydrolysis
and anation reactions .
Electron transfer reaction –Complementary and non- complementary reactions.
Inner sphere and out sphere processes; outer sphere process in photochemical
reactions.
UNIT II
Spectral Methods I: Electronics spectroscopy L.S. coupling and j-j coupling
schemes, microstates, Hund’s rules and Term symbols; selection rules for
electronic transition and hole formalism; or gel and Tanabe – Sugano diagrams;
evaluation of 10q and B for Octahedral d2 and d8 systems. Change transfer
spectra; electronics spectra of lanthanide and actinide complexes.
Optical isomerism in octahedral chelate complex, their absolute configuration
determination from ORD and CD methods; information of chelate complexes.
UNIT III
Spectral Methods II: Mossbauer spectroscopy; principles – isomer shift,
quadrupole and magnetic interactions – MB spectroscopy of octahedral high
and low spins Fe (II) and Fe (III) complexes. Information on oxidation state, pi-
back coordination and structure in iron compounds. Studies on halides of tin
(II) and tin (IV).
NMR : Application of chemical shift and spin – spin coupling to structure
determination using multi probe NMR (1H,31P,19F,15N) ; effect of quardrupolar
nuclei on NMR spectra. NMR studies on Chemical exchange and dynamic
processes in organic and organ metallic compounds; NMR studies on fluxional
molecules .Paramagnetic NMR and contact shifts; lanthanide shift reagents.
EPR.Application of hyperfine splitting and g-factor to structure determination
zero - Field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy. Covalency of M-L Bounding by
EPR study. Application of EPR in the study of J.T distortion in Cu (II)
complexes.
UNIT IV
Instrumental Analytical Techniques: (Instrumental aspects not required):
Spectroanalytical techniques: Principle and application of colourimetry,
spectrophotometer and fluorimetry. Flame photometry techniques: atomc
absorption, atomic emission and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Light
scattering techiniques: nephelometry and turbidimetry.
Theromonaltical techniques: TGA, DTA and DSC methods. Electro analytical
techniques .Electrochemical cell and electrode potentials; electrochemical
series and application of redox potential to inorganic reaction systems.
Classification into constant current and controlled potential techniques.
Voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and stripping Voltammetry; amperometry and
chronopotentiometry potentiomery and ion—selective electrodes (halide and
alkali ions).
Principle and operation of column, thin-layer and gas chromato graphic
methods HPLC and HPTLC; application to inorganic substances principle and
application of ion exchange and solvent extraction methods.
UNIT V
Organ metallic Chemistry: Introduction, EAN rule and its correlation to
stability. Metal carbonyls-synthesis, properties structure and bounding and
isolobal analogy, IR study of metal carbonyls .m-Pi acid complexes –
Preparation, properties and structure features of complexes with alkenes,
alkyne, allyl and areane system.Metallocenes - systhesis , properties and
bounding structure inferrocence; covalent versus ionic bounding in
beryllocene.
Substitution reaction of carbonyls: oxidative add ional and reductive
ellmination, insertion and elimination reaction nucleophillic and electrophillic
attack of coordinated ligands Homogeneous catalysis: alkene hydrogantion and
synthesis Gas: hydroformylation carboxylation of alcohols and oxygenation of
olefins. Hetrogenous catalysis: Fischer Tropsch process Ziegler- Natta
Polymerisation.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. D.f Shriver, P.W.Atkins and C.H.Longfor, Inorganic chemistry, Oxford
1990.
2. W.L.Jolly,Moder Inorganic Chemistry ,MC Graw Hill company , 2nd Edn,
1991
3. J.E. Huheej, E.A.Keiter and RL Keiter, Inorganic chemistry, Harper and
row/Pearson Asia, 2, 3, & 4th Edn 1993
4. F.A. Cotton and G.Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, john Wiley
and sons, 3, 4, & 5th edn 1988.
5. B.E Douglas ,D.H.Mc Daniel and J.J Alexander Concepts and Modals of
Inorganic Chemistry .John Wiley & Sons ,2 Edn.1993 and 3 1994.
6. R.S Dago,Physical Methods in chemistry ,W.B Saunders 1977
7. E.A.V Ebsworth et al,structure methods in inorganic chemistry ,ELBS
1987
8. H.H.Willard ,L.L Merritt J.A Dean and F.A Settle Instrumental methods
of Analysis 6th edn CBS publishers 1986
9. Vogel’s text book of Quantitaative chemistry analysis. Revised by
G.H.Jeffery. J.Bassett J.mendhan and R.C Denney ElBS 5th ed 1989
10. D.Askooog and D.M.west, Principles of Instrumental Analysis
,Holt-Saunders,2 edn 1980
11. D.A skoog and J.J Leary, Instrumental analysis, Saunders college
publishing 1992.
SUBJECT CODE: 2.3
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – II
UNIT I
Chemical Kinetics: Simple collision theory, absolute reaction rate theory
(ARRT), thermodynamic treatment, potential energy surfaces, application of
ARRT to simple biobimolecular processes; chain reactions – general
characteristics, study of kinetics of chain reaction like H2-Br2 reactions,
decomposition of acetaldehyde and H2O4 ; study of H2-O2 explosive reactions.
Theory of unimolecular reactions – Lindemann, Hinshelwood, RRKM and stator
treatments; steady sate approximations, principles of microscopic reversibility
and detailed balancing, kinetic isotope effect; Reactions in solution, factors
influencing reaction rate in soluction, ARRT to reaction in solution, significance
of volume of activation, primary and secondary salt effects.
Homogeneous catalysis, acid-base catalysis, acidity function, Bronsted
catalysis law. Fast reaction techniques – chemical relaxation methods,
temperature and pressure jump methods, ultrasonic absorption technique,
reactions in flow system, continuous and stopped flow shock wave tube
methods, chemical kinetics in crossed molecular beam.
UNIT II
Photochemistry and Radiation Chemistry: Physical properties of the
electronically excited molecules – Excited state dipole moments, excited state
pka, excited state redox potentials. Photophysical processes in electronically
excited molecules – fluorescence, phosphorescence and other deactivating
processes, stern – volmer equation and its applications, electronic energy
transfer mechanisms.
Photosensitisation and chemiluminescenc. Experimental techniques in
photochemistry-light sources, chemical actinometry, conventional photolysis
procesure flash photolysis techniques. Study of photochemical reactions lik H2-
X2 decomposition of photosynthesis, photochemical conversion and storage of
solar energy.
Radiation chemistry – source of high energy, interaction of high energy
radiation with matter, radiolysis of water, definition of G-value, mode of
reactions of hydrated electrons. OH and H-Experimental techniques on
radiation chemistry, dosimetry, Elementary aspects of radiation chemistry in
biology and industry.
UNIT III
Group Theory: Group theory: Molecular symmetry elements and symmetry
operation, vector and matrix algebra, symmetry operations and transformation
matrices; group theory- definition and properties of a groups symmetry. Point
groups, representation of a group-reducible and irreducible representations,
great orthogonality theorem, characters, construction of character. Tables,
direct product groups.
Symmetry of normal modes of vibrations, applications of group theory to
normal mode analysis, symmetry properties of integrals, applications for
spectral selection rules of vibration spectra-IR and Ramam active
fundamentals, symmetry of molecular orbital and symmetry selection rule for
electronic transition in simple molecules (ethyleneFoemaldehyde, benzene and
nphthaiene), Group theory and quantum mechanics wave functions as a basis
of irreducible respresentations, group theory as applied to hybrodisation, HMO
theory and HMO calculation and delocalization energy for ethylene,
eyclopropenyl and butadiene systems.
UNIT IV
Spectroscopy I: Elements of molecular spectroscopy: Absorption and
amission of radition, the time depaenent Schrodinger equation, interaction of
EMR with matter, Einstein coefficient, induccdemission and absorption, ultra
were, IR and Raman spectroscopy if diatomic molecules-determation of normal
molecular parameters, virational spectra of polyatomic molecules-definition of
normal modes and normal coordiates, IR and Raman active fundaments,
overtone and combination bands-concept of group frequencies, couping
interaction bands Fermi resonance, basic concept of FT-IR. Electronic spectra
of diatomic and polytomic molecules, born-oppenheimer approximation,
Franck-Condon principle, dissoci energy, Rotational fine structure and fortrat
diagram.
UNIT V
Spectroscopy II: H1-NMR, Introduction, Theory of splitting of Nuclear
zeeman levels in a magnetic field, chemical shift, spin-spin splitting, dipolar
interaction, reaction times, line shape and line width, experimental techniques-
double response technique, ENDOE, overhauser, effect, FT-nmr spectroscopy-
Lanthanide shift reagen
ESR spectroscopy-hyperfine spiltting, factors affecting the maginitude of the ‘g’
values, solid state epr, rate of electon exchange reaction, fine structure and
hyperfine structure. Electron density from esrspectra of free radic also
Photoelectron spectroscopy-basic principles, instrumentation X-ray
photoelectron and unphotoelectron spectra, core energy level studies –
application of ESCA; laser, Raman spectroscopy theory of Raman scattering,
techniques and instrumentation, the laser source, applications if laser Raman
spectroscopy, structure determination.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. K.J. Laidler, chemical kinetics, 2nd edn., Tta Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi,
15th reprint 1991.
2. K.J. Laidler, Theories of chemical Reaction rates; Mc Graw Hill; New
York, 1969
3. K.K. Rohatgi – Mukerjee, fundamentals of photochemistry.
4. J.N. Bradley, fast Reaction
5. N.J. turo, Modern Molecular photochemistry
6. F.A.Cotton, chemical Application of group Theory.
7. C.N. Banewell, Spectroscopy, Vol. 1, 2, &3.
8. Stanghan and Walker, Spectroscopy, Vol. 1, 2, & 3.
SUBJECT CODE: 2.4
SUBJECT: BIO – ORGANISM BIO – INORGANIC, AND BIO – PHYSICAL
CHEMISTRY BIO – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT I
Nucleic Acids: Purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids.
Nucleosides, base pairing via H – bonding. Primary and secondary structures of
DNA and RNA. Forces responsible enzymatic method, PCR technique in chain
amplification.
UNIT II
Carbohydrates and Lipids:
A. Carbohydrates: Storage polysaccharides – starch, chithin and glycogen.
Structure and biological functions of glucosaminoglycans or
mucopolysaccharide. Carbohydrates of glyeoproteins and glycolipids. Role of
sugars in biological recognition. Blood group substances.
Carbohydrate metabolism: Kreb’s cycle, glycolysis, glycogenesis and
glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis; pentose photospate pathway.
B.Lipidas: Fatty acids, essential fatty acid, structure and function of
triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, bile, acids,
prostaglandins, lipoproteins – composition and function, role in
atherosclerosis. Biological membranes. Fluid mosaic model of memberane
structure.
UNIT III
Bioinorganic Chemistry I: Non – metals and metals in biological system;
essential and trace elements. Classification of metalloid molecules – non –
proteins, proteins and enzymes. Metallobiosite, its coordination environment
and enatatic state.
Dioxygen binding and transport – heme proteins: myoglobin and hemoglobin,
their structure, function and physiology; non-heme proteins: hemerythrine and
hemocyarmin.
Biochemical iron storage and transport by Transferring and siderophores;
metal ion exchange activity of siderophores.
UNIT IV
Bioinorganic Chemistry II:
Electron transfer in biological systems – prophyrins and cytochromes; Fe
– s cluster proteins (Ferredoxins and rubredoxins) and their synthetic model;
blue copper proteins. Photosynthetic pathway – chlorophyll, PSI, PSII and
involvement of Mn complex and Cytochrome Coxidase.
Vitamin B12 and coenzymes; in vitro and vivo nitrogen fixation
UNIT V
Biophysical Chemistry: Thermodynamics in biology – energy flux – transfer of
potentials and coupled reactions role of singlet oxygen in biology – general
principals of function and structural organization in bioenergetic fundamental
reactions – structure of membranes (introductory aspects only ) – solute
transport across membranes membrane potentials—ion pumps – biophysical
applications of moussbauer effect.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
UNIT I & II:
1. G.L.Zubay, W.W. parson and D.E.vance, Principles, of Biochemistry,
Wm.C.Brown Publishers 1995.
2. G.L.Zubay, Biochemistry, WM.C.Brown publishers, Chicago, 1998
3. L.Stryer, Biochemistry (4th . end) W.H.Freeman and company, 1995
UNIT III & IV:
1. D.E.Fenton, Biocoordinaion Chemistry, Oxford Chemistry, Primar Series,
Oxford Science publications, Oxford 1995.
2. W.LJolly, Modern Inorganic Chemistry ,MC Graw Hill Company 2Nd edn
1991
J.E Huheey, E.A Keiter and R.L Keiter, Inorganic C
SUBJECT CODE: 2.5
SUBJECT: PRACTICAL II- INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Skill development is in the following laboratory, experiments are required
1. Qualitative (systematic) analysis of inorganic mixture containing two less
familian cation. The cation can be W,Tl.Te,Se,Mo,Ce,Th,Zr,V ,U,Ti &L
2. Direct cation can be (Back titration methods of estimation of ca, Zn Cu
By EDTA titration.
3. Separation and estimation of minutures by volumetric and gravimetric
Methods
a) Cu 2 + & Ni 2+
b) Fe 2 +& Cu 2+
c) Cu2 +&Zn 2+
4. Preparation of Inorganic metal complexes (at least 10 different
complexes)
The university Examination will consist of
a) Qualitative analysis will consist of familiar captions: 25% Marks
b) EDTA titration or separation and estimation of one :25% Marks
Mention in a mixture of two
Preparation of complex: 10% Marks
Viva Voice : 20% Marks
Record : 20% Marks
IIYEAR-III Semester
SUBJECT CODE: 3.1
SUBJECT: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III
Unit I
Introduction to Spectroscopy Techniques
Electronic transmission in enes. eones and arenes, Woodward Fieser rules –
effect of solvent polarity
on UV absorption- principles of characteristic group frequency in IR-
identification of functional
groups and other structural features by IR- Hydrogen bonding and IR bands-
sampling techniques-
FTIR and its Instrumentation-Organic Mass Spectroscopy- EI, CA, FAB, electro
spray and MALDI ion sources- Magnetic High resolution (Double focusing), TOF
and Quadrupole Mass Analysers- Charecteristic fragmentation modes and MS
rearrangement – MS-GC, HPLC-MS, TG-MS
Unit II
NMR spectroscopy and structure elucidation, Chemical shifts- anisotropic
effect and coupling constants in organic compounds, spin-spin interaction in
typical systems- analysis of 1st order spectrasimplification methods for
complex spectra- use of high field NMR- shift reagents, chemical exchange and
double resonance- introduction to FT (pulse) NMR, NOE, DEPT and 2DNMR,
13C NMR and 13C Chemical shifts - spectral interpretation and structure
identification- spectral interpretation using actual spectra taken from standard
texts- solving of structural problems on the basis of numerical and spectrum
based data- NMR Spectroscopy of N, F and P –
Unit III
Reagents and Organic Synthesis: Application of Hydrogenation catalysts-
Hindered Boranes- Bulky
metal hydrides- NaCN, BH3, DIBAL, Li trialkyle borohydrides, tri-n-butyl tin
hydride, diimide,
Lindlar catalysts and Rosenmund redudctions,McFedeyan-stevens reaction-
Oxidation using SeO2, lead
tetraacetate, Ozone, peracids, DDQ and Cr(IV) reagents- Swern Oxidation,
Moffattt oxidation, allylic
and benzylic oxidation- sommelet reaction- elbs reaction- oxidative coupling of
phenols- sharpless
asymmetric epoxidation- chemo and regioselectivity in reduction and oxidation,
use of XeF2, SbF5,
VF5, MoF6, CF3OF, SF4, HF as fluorinating agents.
Unit IV Chemistry of Polymers:
Type and mechanism of polymerization reaction- Step growth, free radical,
addition, ionic, ring
opening and group transfer polymerizations- Copolymers- characterization of
polymers- methods of
measurement of molecular mass and size- stereochemistry of polymers- stereo
regularity and its
control- Zeigler Natta Catalyst- Gelation and network formation- polymer
architecture- configuration
and conformation, frictional properties and mechanical properties- glassy and
rubbery states- visco
electricity- crystallization and melting of polymers- relation between structures,
property and
performance- manufacture and application of polyolefins, thermoplastics,
polyamides, polyesters,
polyurethanes, epoxides and industrial polymers.
Unit V
Heterocyclic Chemistry
Nomenclature of Heterocycles, Replacement and Systematic Nomenclature,
Hantzsch – Widman
system for monocyclic, fused and bridged heterocycles. Structure, Reactivity,
Synthesis and reactions
of the following four membered heterocycles – Oxitanes, Azetidines and
Thietanes ; Five membered
heterocycles – Imidazoles, Pyrazolines, 1,2,4- Triazoles, 1,2,3-Triazoles,
Oxadiazole and Thiadiazole;
Selenophenes, Tellurophanes and their benzo derivatives; Six membered
heterocycles – Pyrones, 1,2,3-
, 1,2,4- and 1,2,5 – Triazines , Pyrimidines and Pyrazines; Seven membered
heterocycles – Azepines,
Oxepines and Thiepines. Fused heterocycles : Indole, Benzofuran , Quinoline,
Isoquinolines and
Coumarins. Naphthyridines – Synthesis and reactivities.
Books for study
Pavia Lapman Kriz Vyvyan-“Spectroscopy”-Ceengage Learning
W Kemp-“Organic Spectroscopy”-Palgrave.
J March-“Advanced Organic Chemistry”-Wiley.
R O C Norman and A Coxon-“Modern Synthetic Reactions”-Chapman and
Hall.
M B Smith-“Organic Synthesis”-McGraw Hill.
R K Bansal-“Synthetic Applications in Organic Chemistry”-Narosa.
Robert M. Silverstein,Francis X. Webster and David Kiemle. "Spectrometric
Identification of
Organic Compounds” Wiley 2005
R K Mackie, D M Smith and R A Aitkan-“Guide Book to Organic Synthesis”-
Longman, 2nd Edn.
R J Simmonds, “Chemistry of Biomolecules”-Royal Society of Chemistry.
R J Young-“Introduction to Polymer Science”-John Wiley and Sons.
F W Billmayer-“Text Book of Polymer Science”- John Wiley and Sons.
G Odian-“Principles of Polymerization”- John Wiley and Sons.
J M G Cowie-“Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials”-Viva.
K J Saunders-“Organic Polymer Chemistry”-Chapman and Hall.
Dr. Jagadamba Singh and Dr. L.D.S Yadav-“Organic Synthesis”-Pragathi
Prakashan.
Maya Shankar Singh-“Advanced Organic Chemistry”-Pearson.
Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz and James R Vyvyan-
“Spectroscopy”-Cengage
Learning.Ratan Kumar Kar-”Applications of Redox and Reagents in
Organic Synthesis”-New Central Book
Agency.
J. Joule and G. Smith-“Heterocyclic Chemistry”-Van-Nostrand, ELBS.
Acheson-“An Introduction to Heterocyclic Compounds”-Wiley-Eastern.
Ahluwalia and Parashar-“Heterocyclicc and carbocyclic chemistry”- Ane
Books.
Jagadanba Singh and Yadav-“Organic Synthesis”-Pragati Prakashan Meerut
S.K Ghosh “Advanced General Organic Chemistry”Part1and11 New Central
BookAgency
IIYEAR-III Semester
SUBJECT CODE: 3.2
SUBJECT: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III
UNIT I
Metal Extraction by reduction of oxide ores –
Thermodynamic aspects of extraction. Ellingham diagrams – Chemical and
electrolytic reductionreduction
potentials –effect of complexation- Latimer and Frost diagrams – trends in
stability of
oxidation states, stereo chemistry and ionic sizes of transition metals.
Comparison of 3d, 4d and 5d
series by taking Ti subgroup as examples.
Lanthanides: Electronic structure, oxidation states – Chemical Properties of +2,
+3 and+4 oxidation
states Lanthanide and actinide contraction- spectral and magnetic properties.
Coordination number and
stereochemistry of complexes.
Actnides: Electronic structure- Oxidation states Lanthanide and actinide
contraction – spectral and
magnetic properties in comparison with those of lanthanide and d-block
elements. Trans- actinide
elements – IUPAC nomenclature – Periodicity of trans actinide elements.
Beach sands of Kerala – Important components and their separation –
Utilization of monazite –
illmenite,zircon and sillimanite.
UNIT II
Inorganic polymers:
Types of Inorganic polymers – Characteristics of polymers - molecular masses
and their distribution –
structural features – chain characteristics - solubility consideration –
crystalline and mechanical
properties.
Polyphosphazenes - Synthetic routes to various types of Polyphosphazenes –
important applications
of these Polymers – water soluble bioactive Polymers – Organometallic
Polyphosphazenes – Polymer
bound platinum anti tumour agents.
Polysiloxanes and related Polymers – preparation, structural features and uses
– Polysilanes and
related Polymers – Chemical modification of Polysilanes – Electrical
conductivity and photo
conductivity – Polysilanes as photo resists and photo inhibitors.
UNIT III
Organometallic chemistry:
Compounds with metal to Carbon single bonds – alkyl and aryls of main group
elements – Transition
metal to carbon multiple bonds - Metal carbonyls, cyanides and isocyanides –
Usefulness of eighteen
electrons rule to predict formulae and stability of organometallic compounds.
Transition metal π complexes with alkenes, alkynes, alkynes, allyl, diene,
dienyl and trienyl radical –
Cyclic π complexes with cyclobutadiene, cyclopentadienyl,arenes,
cycloheptatrienyl cycloctatetraene
and cyclooctatetraenyl dianion. Preparation, properties, nature of bonding and
structural features –
Fluxionality in π complexes – catalysis by organometallic compounds-
hydrogenation,
hydroformylation and polymerization reactions.
UNIT IV
Bioinorganic Chemistry I
Role of metal ions in the biological system. Essential and nonessential elements
– macro minerals and
essential trace elements – synergism and antagonism among essential trace
elements.
Metal deficiency and diseases related – iron, Zinc and copper deficiency – metal
ion toxicity – copper
over load and Wilson’s disease – iron toxicity – toxicity of arsenic, cadmium,
mercury and lead.
Metal complexes in medicine – Chelation therapy – BAL, penicillamine,
Polyamino carboxyclic acids
and desferrioxamine – gold compounds and rheumatoid arthritis – platinum
complexes as anticancer,
drugs – metal complexes in radio diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging.
Metal storage and transport: Iron storage and transport – transferrin, ferritin
and sideropheres. Other
storage and transport systems – ceruloplasmin and serum albumin for copper,
metallothioneins and
phytochepatins – vanadium storage and transport.
Transport and storage of dioxygen – hemoglobin and myoglobin – structure and
functions – structural
model for dioxygen binding – co-operativity, Perutz mechanism and Bohr effect
– synthetic oxygen
carriers. Other natural oxygen binding proteins – hemocyanin and hemerythrin
– synthetic model for
hemocyanin.
UNIT V 14 HOURS
Bioinorganic Chemistry II
Electron transfer in biology – structure and functions of electron transfer
proteins – Cytochromes and
respiratory chain, iron-sulphur proteins rubredoxin and ferridoxins – synthetic
models (for Fe4S4
cluster only) – blue copper proteins.
Nitrogen fixation: Invitronitrogen fixation through dinitrogen complexes -
nitrogen fixing micro
organisms – nitrogenases – model compounds.
Photosynthesis: Structure of Chlorophyll – Photo systems I & II – Light reaction
– role of manganese
enzymes in the cleavage of water. The ‘Z –scheme – dark reactions.
Metalloenzymes: Structure and functions of the following enzyme – carbonic
anhydrase, carboxy
peptidase, alchoholdehydrogenase, catalalse and peroxidase, Cytochrome P-
450, super oxide dismutase
and xanthin oxidase – B12 coenzymes – B12a, B12x, B12r and methyl cabal
amine – biomethylation.
REFERENCES
1.J.E. Huheey, E.A Keiter and RL Keiter: ‘Inorganic chemistry Principles of
structure and Reactivity’
– Pearson Education
2.DF Shriver, PW – Atkins – ‘Inorganic chemistry, Oxford university press.
Cotton, Wilkinson, Murillo, Bachmann ‘Advanced Inorganic Chemistry’ Wiley
India Pvt.Ltd
3.B.Douglas, D.MeDaniel and J.Alexander – ‘Concepts and models of
Inorganic Chemistry IIIrd
Edition. John Wiley & sons, Inc
4.S.J Lippard and J.M Berg. Principles of Bioinorganic chemistry University
Science Books, California.
5.David E.Fenton, ‘Bio coordination Chemistry’ Oxford University press.
6.I Bertini, H.B.Grey, S.J.Lippard and J.S Valentine, ‘Bioinorganic
Chemistry’ Viva Books Pvt Ltd,
New Delhi.
7.DMP Mingo’s, ‘Essential Trends in Inorganic Chemistry’ Oxford University
Press.
8.Indrajeet Kumar Organometallic compounds Pragati Prakasan,Meerut
IIYEAR-III Semester
SUBJECT CODE: 3.3
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – III
UNIT – 1
Reaction Kinetics 1
Review of basic principles: Complex reactions- Reversible, parallel, consecutive
and branching
reactions- Principles of microscopic reversibility.
Theories of reaction rate: collision theory – steric factor- potential energy
surfaces- transition state
theory- Eyring equation- comparison of two theories- Thermodynamic
formulation of reaction ratessignificance of ▲ G#, ▲ H # and ▲ S # volume of
activation- Effect of pressure and volume on the
velocity gas reaction – Unimolecular reaction- Lindman- Hinshelwood
mechanism and RRKM
theories- Fast reaction – relaxation, flow method- flash photolysis- Magnetic
and Resonance method.
Theoretical calculation of energy of activation- soling problem involving Ea, E,
H and S.
UNIT II
Reaction Kinetics II
Chain reaction – stationary and non stationary chain-explosion and explosion
limits- free radical and
chain reaction- steady state treatment- kinetics of H2-CI2 and H2-Br2-
decomposition of acetaldehyde-
Rice Herzfeld mechanism- Branching chain- H2O2 reaction- Semenov
Hinshelwood mechanism of explosive reaction.
UNIT III
Catalysis and Chemical Kinetics:
Acid-base catalysis- specific and general catalysis- prototropic and protolytic
mechanism- examples-
Acidity function.Enzyme catalysis- Michaelis-Menten equation- derivation-
effect of pH and temperature. Reaction in solution- Factors determining
reaction rates in solution – Effect of pressure- dielectric constant- ionic
strength- cage effect- Bronsted Bjerrum equation- Primary and secondary
kinetic salt effect- Influence
of solvent on reaction rate- Hammet & Taft equation.
UNIT IV Surface chemistry:
Different types of surfaces- Thermodynamics of surfaces- Gibbs adsorption
equation and its
vertification- surfaces actants and micelles- surface film- surface pressure and
surface potential and
their measurements and interpretation- Application of Low energy electron-
Diffraction and
photoelectron- ESCA and Auger Spectroscopy to the study of surfaces.
Adsorption- Langmuir adsorption isotherm- Kinetic and statistical derivation-
Multi layer adsorption-
Different types- BET theory and Harlein- Jura theory – Measurement of surface
area of solids using
Langmuir, BET and Harlein-Jura isotherm- Heat of adsorption- adsorption
isosters and determination
of heat of adsorption- Langmuir adsorption isotherm applied to rate laws for
surface catalyzed
reaction- The Eleyideal mechanism – flash desorption.
UNIT V
Colloids:
Structure and stability of colloids, Micelles – The electrical double layer- Eletro
kinetic phenomenazeta
potential- electro osmosis- colloids- zeta potential (derivation)- sedimentation
potential- streaming
potential- donnan membrane equilibrium- Macromolecules- different averages-
Methods of molecular
mass determination – Osmotic method- sedimentation methods- light
scattering methods.
REFERENCE
K.J. Laidler-“Chemical kinetics” Pearson Education
S. Glasstone, K.J. Laidler and Eyring-“ The Theory of rate processes”- Mc
Graw Hills
J. Rajaram and J.C. Kuriacose- “Kinetics and Mechanism of chemical
transformations”- Mac Millan
India Ltd
Alberty and Silbey- “Physical chemistry”- Wiley
G.K. Vemulappally- “Physical chemistry”- Prentice Hall of India
P.W. Atkins- “Physical chemistry”- Oxford University press
A.W.Adamson- “The physical chemistry of surfaces”- 4th edition- Wiley
1982
Alexander and Johnson- “ Colloid science”- Oxford University Press
Gavariker- “Polymer science” – New age International publishers
SUBJECT CODE: 3.4
SUBJECT: COMPUTIONAL CHEMISTRY
UNIT I
Molecular mechanics
Perspective- basic principles-Developing force field- The stretch energy- The
bending energy- The
torsional energy- The Vander walls energy- The electrostatic energy- Cross
terms- Parametrising the
force field- Calculation using the force field - Geometries and energies of Small
to medium sized
molecules- Polymers- transition states-MM in organic synthesis-Molecular
mechanics and Monte Carlo
simulations- Geometries and frequencies calculated by MM -Strength and
weakness of MM-Hybrid
force field Electronic structure methods.
UNIT II
Introduction of Quantum mechanics in Computational Chemistry-
Perspective- The development of quantum mechanics-The Born Oppenheimer
approximation-
Schrödinger equation- Koopman’s theorem- Restricted and unrestricted
Hartree- Fock models-
Application of the Schrödinger equation to chemistry by Huckel- Hybridisation-
matrices and
determinants- simple Huckel theory-Application-The nodal properties of MOs –
Stability indicated by
energy levels and aromaticity. Extended Huckel method.
UNIT III
Abinitio Calculation
Perspective- The basic principles of the abinitio method. Approximation
methods- Self-Consistent field
theory- The energy of a Slater determinant- Hartree- Fock equation- Basis sets-
Slater and Guassian
type orbitals-Classification of basic sets- Minimum basis set- Split valence-
diffused and polarization
and correlation consistent basis sets- post HF calculation- Application-
Geometry optimization
,Frequency calculation and transition state optimization of simple systems-
Strength and weakness-
Configuration interaction, Moller- plesset perturbation theory and Coupled
cluster methods-
(qualitative study only)- -
UNIT IV
Semi Empirical Method
Perspective-The basic principle of SCF-SE methods- Neglet of diatomic
differential overlap
approximation(NDDO)- Intermediate Neglet of differential overlap
approximation(INDO)-
Complete Neglet of differential overlap approximation(CNDO)-
Parameterization- Modified
Intermediate Neglet of differential overlap (MINDO)-Modified NDDO &MNDO
models- Austin
model1(AM1) application- Geometry optimization ,Frequency calculation and
transition state
optimization of simple systems Strength and weakness
UNIT V
Density Functional Calculation
Basic principle –Orbital free density functional theory- Kohn-sham theory -
Reduced density matrix
methods-Local density approximation application- Higher ordergradient or
meta-GGA methods-Hybrid or
hyper-GGA methods- Performance and properties of density functional
methods- Geometry optimization ,Frequency calculation and transition state
optimization of simple systems- Strength and
weakness.
REFERENCES:
Errol Lewars ‘Computational Chemistry: Introduction to the Theory and
Applications of Molecular
and Quantum Mechanics’ Spriger India
I.N Levine Quantum Chemistry, Prentice Hall of India Vth edition
Tamas Veszpremi and Miklos Feher Quantum Chemistry: Fundamentals to
applications Springer
India
David C Young, Computational Chemistry:. A Practical Guide for Applying
Techniques to Real
World Problems Wiley Interscence
P.W. Atkins, Molecular Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press
G. H. Grant and W. G. Richards Computational Chemistry Oxford University
Press
SUBJECT CODE: 3.5
SUBJECT: PRACTICAL III- PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Conduct metric titrations:
1 NH4cl-NaOH - (NH4cl +Hcl)
2 NH4cl-NaOH - (Hcl+ CH3 COOH)
3 CH3cooNa-Hcl - Buffer CCH3COOna +CH3COOH (Na OH strength
givesn)
4 Precipitation titration Kcl-AgNo3- (Kcl-Ki mixture)
5 Determination of dissociation constant of Weak acid
6 Heat of solution by solubility method
Potentiometer
7 Redox titrations KI –Kmno4 –KI
8 Fc2 - cerci –Fe2+
9 Fe2+ - ceric-Fe2+
10 CI – Ag – cl +I
11 Dissociation constant of week acid
12 solubility product by chemical cell and concentration cell
13 Adsorption of Oxalic acid / acetic acid on charcoal.
IIYEAR-IV Semester
SUBJECT CODE: 4.1
SUBJECT: PRINCIPLES OF ANALYSICAL CHEMISTRY
1. Chemical Instrumentation : Elementary Electronics, Simple integrated
circuit, Semiconductor, Power supply, transformer, operational amplifier,
Detectors (Oscilloscope and recorders), transducers, Rectifiers, Signal to
noise ratio, Electronic components (Resistors, capacitors, inductors,
transistors), Measuring instruments for pressure, temperature, pH, speed,
flow, current and voltage.
2. Acid Base Equilibria : General concept of acid-base equilibria in water and
in non-aqueous solvent, Definition of pH and pH scale (Sörenson and
operational definitions), and its significance, Hammett acidity function, pH
calculation for aqueous solutions of very weak acid and very weak base,
salts of weak acid and weak bases, mixture of weak acid and its salts,
mixture of weak base and its salts, polybasic acids and their salts,
polyamines and amino acid, comparison of solution of polybasic acid as a
function of pH, protolysis curves.
3. Buffer Solutions : Theory of buffer solution, dilution and salts effects on the
pH of a buffer, Buffer index, Criteria and expression of maximum buffer
capacity, Application of pH buffers, Preparation of buffer solutions of known
ionic strength (Typical examples). Practical limitations in use of buffers,
Metal ion buffers and their applications, Biological buffers and their
applications.
4. Photometric Titrations : Basic principles, comparison with other titrimetric
procedures, types of photometric titration curves, Instrumentation (Titration
cell, Detectors, choice of analytical wavelength). Quantitative applications,
Typical examples of one component and multicompo-nent analyses.
Books Recommended
1. D.A. Skoog and D.M. West, Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry,
International Edition, 7th Edition (1996), Saunders College Publishing,
Philadelphia, Holt, London.
2. R.L. Pecsok, L.D. Shields, T. Cairns and L.C. McWilliam, Modern Methods of
Chemical Analysis, 2nd (1976), John Wiley & Sons, New York.
3. D.A. Skoog, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition (1998), Saunders
College of Publishing, Philadelphia, London.
4. H.A. Strobel, Chemical Instrumentation: A Schematic Approach, 2nd Edition
(1973), Addison Wesley, Reading, Mass.
Additional References
1. H.A. Laittnen and W.E. Harris, Chemical Analysis, 2nd International Student
Edition (1960), McGraw Hill, New York.
2. R.G. Bates, Electrometric pH Determinations: Theory and Practice, 3rd
Edition (1973), John Wiley & Sons, New York.
3. G.D. Moody and J.D.R. Thomas, Ion-selective Electrodes, London.
4. G.W. Ewing, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th Edition (1978),
McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.
IIYEAR-IV Semester
SUBJECT CODE: 4.2
SUBJECT: SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Unit I: Adsorption and surface phenomenon:
Physisorption and chemisorption , adsorption isotherms, Langmuir and B. E.
T.
equation and significance in surface area determination, surface films, states of
insoluble films, L. B. films and their application, adsorption from solution,
adsorption types, surface excess concentration , Gibb's adsorption equation :
derivation , significance and experimental verification , catalytic activity of
surfaces.
Unit II: Micelle
Surface activity, surface active agents and their classification, micellisation,
critical micelle concentration ( cmc) thermodynamics of micellisation , factors
affecting cmc, methods of determination of cmc , reverse micelle , solubisation
of
water insoluble organic substances , use of surfactants in oil recovery ,
Unit III: Emulsion
Types of emulsion, theories of emulsion and emulsion stability, identification of
emulsion types, inversion emulsion, microemulsion : theory and application ,
Unit IV: Liquid gas and liquid interfaces
Surface tension, capillary action, methods of determination of surface tension,
surface tension across curved surfaces, vapor pressure of droplet ( Kelvin
equation) , surface spreading , spreading coefficient, cohesion and adhesion
energy,contact angle, constant angle hystereis, wetting and detergency.
Unit V : Solid - Solid interfaces
Surface energy of solids, adhesion and adsorption, sintering and sintering
mechanism, Tammann temperature and its importance, surface structure and
surface composition.
REFFERNCE BOOKS
1. Physical chemistry of surfaces: A. W. Adamson.
2. Theory of adsorption and catalysis by Alfred Clark ,
3. Chemisorption by B. M. W. Trapnell and H.O. Hayward.
4. Introduction to colloide and surface chemistry by D. J. Shaw.
5. Theories of chemical reaction rates by A. J. K. laidler
6. Surface chemistry by J. J. Bikermann
IIYEAR-IV Semester
SUBJECT CODE: 4.3
SUBJECT: OF CHEMISTRY MATERIALS
Unit I: Glasses, Ceramics, Composite and Nanomaterials
Glassy state, glass formers and glass modifiers, applications, Ceramic
structures,mechanical properties, clay products. Reformatories,
characterizations, properties and applications.Microscopic composites;
dispersion - strengthened and particle - reinforced, fibre -reinforced
composites, macroscopic composites. Nanocrystline phase, preparation
procedures, special properties, and applications.
Unit II: High Tc Materials
Defect perovskites, high Tc superconductivity in cuprates, preparation and
characterization of 1-2-3 and 2-1-4 materials, and normal state properties;
anisotropy; temperature dependence of electrical resistance; optical photon
modes,superconducting state; heat capacity; coherence length, elastic
constants, position lifetimes, microwave absorption - pairing and multigap
structure in high Tc materials , applications of high Tc materials.
Unit III: Polymeric Materials
Molecular shape , structure and configuration, crystallinity, stress- strain
behavior,thermal behavior , polymer types and their applications, conducting
and ferro -electric polymers.
Unit IV
a)Thin films and Langmuir- Blodgett Films
Preparation techniques; evaporation / sputtering, chemical processes, MOCVD,
sol - gel etc. Langmuir- Blodgett (LB) film, growth techniques,
photolithography,
properties and application of thin and LB films.
b) Materials of Solid Devices
Rectifiers, transistors, capacitors IV-V compounds, low dimensional quantum
structure; optical properties.
REFFERNCE BOOKS
1. Solid State Physics, N. W. Ashcrott and N. D. Mermin, Saunders College
2. Material Science and Engineering, An introduction , W. D. Callister, Willey.
3. Principals of Solid State, H. V. keer, Willey Eastorn.
4. Materials Science , J. C. Anderson , K. D. Leaver, J. M. Alexander and R. D.
Rawlings, ELBS
5. Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, Ed, G. W. Gray, John Willey.
6. Text book of liquid crystals, Kelkar and Halz , Chemie Verlag