Multimodal MRI Analysis of White Matter Degeneration
Wang Zhan, Ph.D.Tel: 415-221-4810x2454, Email:
[email protected] for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases
UCSF / Radiology / VA Medical Center01/08/2007
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Technical Issues for Multimodal Analysis
• Different image resolutions
• Different geometric distortions
• Different imaging mechanisms (contrasts)
• Different signal variations
• Different signal linearity
• Different noise levels
• Different noise distributions
MRI Modalities on WM Degeneration • Traditional Imaging: (FLAIR, T2W, T1W, PD)AgingMultiple sclerosis Dementia (AD/MCI/FTD/SIVD)DepressionSchizophreniaBipolar disorderCeliac disease HypertensionDiabetesStrokeAIDSCancerBrain injury
• Diffusion Tensor Imaging:(FA, MD, Tractography)AgingMultiple sclerosisDementia (AD/MCI/FTD/SIVD)DepressionSchizophrenia Bipolar disorderCeliac disease
StrokeAIDSCancerBrain injury
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR)
Parameters at 4T: TR = 6000 (ms) TE = 355 (ms) TI = 2030 (ms)
0 11 2exp / 1 exp / 1 exp / 2MI M TI T TR T TE T H
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. ZhanRef: http://www.mr-tip.com/serv1.php
E. Mark Haacke, et al., “Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design”, 1999, Springer Verlag
Zhi-Pei Liang, Paul C. Lauterbur, “Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Signal Processing Perspective”, 2004, IEEE
Traditional MRI Contrasts
FLAIR T1W
T2W PD
CSF
Gray Matter
White Matter
WM Lesion
Krishnan et al., 2005, Duke Silvio Conte Center Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Diffusion in 3-D: Homogeneous Medium
X
YZ
Water in a Homogeneous Medium Water Motion Diffusion ‘Sphere’
Diffusion in 3-D: White Matter
X
YZ
Water in an Oriented Tissue
Water MotionDiffusion ‘Ellipse’
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
FA MD
B0 FA
2 2 2
1 2 3
2 2 21 2 3
3
2
MD MD MDFA
1 2 3
3MD
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. ZhanWMH
FLAIR
Group Analysis of Correlations (DTI ↔ FLAIR)
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Mean DTI Mean WML
,
i ii
i i j
DTI DTI FLAIR FLAIRCorr DTI FLAIR
Var DTI Var FLAIR
DTI
S1S2
S3
Sn
Correlations (DTI ↔WML Volume)
cba
FA↔WML MD↔WML MD↔WML
Mean FA Mean FA WMH
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. ZhanSubjects: N=47 (F=26), Age=77±6, MMSE=27.3±3.3, WML=11±16 (ml)
Effects of Image Misregistration?
Correlation / WML DTI / T1 Template
?
EPI Read Out
Ph
ase
En
cod
ing
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Modeling for WM Degeneration
Normal WM
Lesion Progression
Pure CSF
DTI
(FA/MD)
FLAIR
(WMH)
MPRAGE
(T1 Dark)
T2W
(WMH)
1H Dens
(WMH)
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Two-Compartment Model of Relaxation
1/ (1 ) / /eff WM CSFT f T f T
CSF
WM
Relaxation Times:
Lesion Progression: f = 0 ~ 1
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
(T1/T2)
(T1/T2)
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR)Parameters at 4T: TR = 6000 (ms) TE = 355 (ms) TI = 2030 (ms)
0 11 2exp / 1 exp / 1 exp / 2MI M TI T TR T TE T H
WMH
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Multimodal Contrasts for WML Progression
Noise-Free Noise-Contaminated
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Two-Compartment Model of Diffusion
CSF
WM
Lesion Progression: f = 0 ~ 1
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
(DWM)
0 (1 )exp expWM CSFS S f b f b D D Slow exchange:
(DCSF)
0 exp (1 ) WM CSFS S b f f D D Fast exchange:
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (Slow-Exchange)
SNR = 80
Noise free
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (Fast-Exchange)
SNR = 80
Noise free
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
DTI (FA) ↔ WML (FLAIR) Correlations
SNR= 80, b = 1000 s/mm2
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
DTI (MD) ↔ WML (FLAIR) Correlations
SNR= 80, b = 1000 s/mm2
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
DTI (FA) ↔ T1 Dark (MPARGE) Correlations
SNR= 80, b = 1000 s/mm2
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
FLAIR Phantom Simulations (N=20)
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan
Correlations (DTI ↔WML Volume)
cba
FA↔WML MD↔WML MD↔WML
Mean FA Mean FA WMH
Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. ZhanSubjects: N=47 (F=26), Age=77±6, MMSE=27.3±3.3, WML=11±16 (ml)
Summaries•Multimodal MRI analysis with both FLAIR and DTI may provide extra information for characterizing WM degeneration process, which may not be captured by using either of them of alone.
•Special technical issues should addressed properly for multimodal analysis, including image registration, signal nonlinearity, and noise effects, etc.
•In traditional modalities, FLAIR shows a significant signal nonlinearity to the WM degeneration. FLAIR signal reaches its maximum around lesion severity of 0.7.
•In DTI modalities, signal sensitivity and nonlinearity depend on the b value of diffusion weighting and the water exchange rate of issue compartments. Moreover, image noises may have heterogeneous effects on different DTI indices and lesion severities.
•The correlations between FLAIR and DTI may change signs when come across the minimum magnitude of correlation at the maximum WML intensity.
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