Download - Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor
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Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor
Mary Renwick, Winrock InternationalWorld Water Forum, Session 2.4.1
Istanbul, TurkeyMarch 2009
Funding provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates FoundationCollaborators: IRC and IWMI
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Key Findings: Strategic investments in multiple-use services can cost-effectively maximize poverty impacts of water services while enhancing sustainability
Potential clients: over 1 billion people
Where: rural South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
How: New domestic multiple use servicesUpgrading service levels within existing domestic and irrigation systems
Global MUS Assessment
Study Goal: inform prospective water sector investments assess the potential of multiple-use water services to sustainably meet the water needs of the poor
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Multiple Use Services: Background
Photo Credit: Ronald Loeve
Photo credit: Ronald Rospigliosi
Photo credit: Kande Matungulu
Photo credit: Menno Houtstra
Photo credit: Charles Batchelor
Photo Credit: IRC
Home Gardens Livestock Small-scale Enterprises
Domestic uses of Irrigation Systems
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Study Goal: to help inform prospective investments in the water sector by assessing the potential of multiple-use water services to sustainably meet the water needs of the poor.
Question 1: What are the incremental costs and benefits of multiple-use approaches over single-use approaches?
Question 2: Where do multiple-use approaches apply and who are the main beneficiaries?
Identify potential opportunity areas
Assess incremental costs, benefits and poverty impacts
Evaluate the potential market for multiple use water services
Develop a framework for multiple use services—defining service levels
Methods
Research Goal, Questions, and Methods
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Water Service Levels Defined
No services
Highest-level multiple use services
Intermediate-level multiple use services
Basic-level multiple use services
Basic domestic / basic irrigation
cc
most domestic and productive needs
many domestic and productive needs
limited domestic and productive needs
single use – either domestic and irrigation
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
6
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Determinants of water service levels
Domestic Multiple Use Irrigation
Quantity
Quality
Reliability
Distance(physical, social and economic barriers to access)
Reducing distance between water source and homestead to support productive uses
Reducing distance to homestead, improving physical access to canals
Making water availability more reliable to support non-irrigation uses
Increasing water quantity to support productive uses
Improving water quality to support domestic uses
Water Service Levels Required to Support Multiple Uses
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Average additional per capita annual income benefits
Basic level MUS
Intermediate level MUS
Highest level MUS
$71$10
The largest incremental gains in income are achieved at the intermediate service level.
$61
$25
Basic Domestic
No services
$36
$25
Income Benefits by Service Level: Domestic
For a family of 5, an additional $125-$350/year
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• Health
• Food security and nutrition
• Diversifying livelihoods and reduced vulnerability
• Social equity and empowerment
Poverty Impacts: Non Financial Benefits
Photo credit: Umgeni Water
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• Most rural poor have assets necessary to benefit to some extent
• Improved water services enhances productivity of these assets
• Communities with higher water service levels have more home gardens, livestock and small-scale enterprises
Poverty Impacts: Key Findings
Photo credit: IRC
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Basic level MUS
Intermediate level MUS
Highest level MUS $140
Basic Domestic
No services
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Cost BCR
3 - 8$56-105
Cost BCR
$98 - 116 .67
Cost BCR
Cost BCR
$63 - 91 (neg)
Costs and Benefits: New Domestic Services
Per capita investment costs include software and hardware
Benefit-cost ratios include: • Full Investment costs
• Re-current annual costs (O&M, source protection and capital maintenance fund)
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Intermediate Level MUS
Cost Annual net income
BCR Repay-ment period
Piped $105 $42 3.4 30 mos
Piped:Gravity-fed spring systems
$56 $51 7.8 13 mos
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Basic level MUS
Intermediate level MUS
Highest level MUS
Basic Domestic
No services
Costs and Benefits: Upgrading Services
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Where: Mapping the potential market for multiple use services
Incremental Costs & Benefits By Service Level & Technology
Assess Economic Feasibility of Multiple Use Services
Assess Potential Client BaseSize, Location & Characteristics
Potential Market
Enabling Conditions
Disaggregate Populations By Technology/Water Source For Water Service LevelsEstimate Populations By Water Service LevelsMap Socio-Economic Characteristics Using Available Data Opportunity action areas
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Estimated Rural Populations by Water Service Levels: South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Highest MUS IntermediateMUS
Domestic/Basic MUS*
No Services
pop
(milli
ons)
South AsiaSub-Saharan Africa
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Example: Mapping Market for New Piped Domestic Multiple Use Services
Sources: JMP, 2004. CIESIN, 2004.
16Sources: IWMI, GIAM, 2006. CIESIN, 2004.
Example: Mapping Market for Upgrading Irrigation Systems to Support Multiple Use Services
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1. New piped multiple use services for currently unserved at the intermediate service level
137 million $56-$105 3.4-7.8 13-30
2. Upgrading existing domestic piped systems to intermediate multiple uses service level
185 million $84 4.7 22
3. Boreholes with hand pumps: upgrading services to basic multiple use service level through communal add-ons to support multiple uses
280 million $25 5.4 12
4. Upgrading existing household hand-dug wells to the intermediate multiple use service level through well protection and improved lifting devices
74 million $39 - $102 3.4-8.6 9-26
5. Upgrading existing irrigation systems to basic and intermediate service levels: communal add-ons, domestic storage and home water treatment
447 million $10 - $110 2.9 - 27 3-24
Opportunity Action Area Market
Capital investment costs(capita)
Benefit-cost ratio
Repayment Period(months)
Potential for Multiple Uses Systems across livelihood zones
44 million households
220 millionpeople
52% of rural population
3.3 billion USD
4% of total water investment potential
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Study conclusions
• Multiple use services cost more but generate greater income and poverty impacts and offer greater potential for sustainability
• Income generation… Above 20 lpcd, each additional lpcd generates $.5-$1 per year of income.
Improving services from 20 to 100 lpcd translates into an additional $200-$400 for household of 5
• The potential market for multiple use approaches is substantial (>1 billion)
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ConclusionTHANK YOU!
Interested in more information
Mary Renwick
Report on the internet
Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor: Assessing the State of Knowledge
www.winrockwater.org