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Muscle Physiology 1Dr. Sumera Gul
Associate Professor
Department of Physiology
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Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lecture the students should be able to:
• Describe muscle and its types
• Enlist the functions of muscles
• Explain the physiological anatomy of skeletal muscles
• Describe the functions of various components of sarcomere
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What is a muscle?
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What are the functions of muscle?
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Functions of Muscles
• Body movement
• Maintenance of posture
• Respiration
• Production of body heat
• Communication
• Constriction of organs and vessels
• Heart beat
• Protection
• Expressions
• Manipulation of environment
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All muscle tissues share basic characteristics
1.Excitability
2.Contractility
3.Elasticity
4.Extensibility
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Types of Muscles
1. Skeletal
2. Smooth
3. Cardiac
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Muscle Tissue Types
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
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Skeletal muscle
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Skeletal Muscle
• Long cylindrical cells
• Many nuclei per cell
• Striated
• Voluntary
• Rapid contractions
• Attached to bones
• Occasionally attached to skin
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Functions of Skeletal Muscle
• Produce movement
• Maintain posture & body position
• Support Soft Tissues
• Guard entrance / exits
• Maintain body temperature
• Store nutrient reserves
• Makes up approx. 40% of body weight
• Facial expressions
• Protection
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Organization of Skeletal Muscle
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Muscle fibre:
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Skeletal MuscleFunctional Anatomy
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Myofibril
• Contains around 1500 myosin
• And 3000 actin filaments
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Skeletal MuscleFunctional Anatomy
• The smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle is the sarcomere
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Skeletal MuscleFunctional Anatomy
• Sarcomere is composed of various microfilaments and supporting structures
• Titin• largest known elastomeric protein• Connects myosin to z-disc
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Skeletal MuscleFunctional Anatomy
• Myosin molecule consists of tail, hinge and heads• Heads contain active sites
for• Actin• ATP
• M-line consists of myomesin and skelemin proteins• stabilize the myosin
filaments• theorized to aid in
transmission of force from sarcomere to cytoskeletal intermediate filaments
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Myosin Molecule
• 480,000
• 2 heavy chains: 200,000
• 4 lights chains: 20,000
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Myosin Filament
• 200 or more myosin molecules
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• Thin filaments are composed of• g-actin molecules in
a helical arrangement• Contain myosin binding
sites
• nebulin• Filament that forms
internal support andattachment for actin
• tropomyosin filaments
• troponin (complex of three molecules)attached to tropomyosin• Has binding sites for Ca2+
Skeletal MuscleFunctional Anatomy
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Organization of myofibril
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Skeletal MuscleFunctional Anatomy
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Skeletal MuscleFunctional Anatomy
• The Z-disc• Anchors the
filaments and interacts with cytoskeletal framework