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Music and Space
Institute of Musicology
University of Hamburg
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Kinds of Spaces
• Acustical Space (Reverberation time T60, Interaural Cross Correlation IACC, Echodensity, Definiteness D80, Head, Head-Related Transfer function ect.)
• Psychological Space (Tonal Space, Timbre Space, Instrument positions ect.)
• Semantic Space (Form, narrative time, genre space, ect.)
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Investigations
Material:1) Measurements in Hamburg clubs and
concert hallsParametersa) T60 – Size of spaceb) IACC – Width of spacec) Echodensity – attributes of spaced) Fractal Correlation Dimension – complexity of spacee) Multidimensionale Scaling (MDS) Perceptual
Dimension of Space
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Investigations
2) 150 Musical Pieces (15-sekunds excerpts), 5 genres á 30 pieces
Parameters:
Semantic Perception, 11 similar adjectives
a) Echodensity – spatial complexity
b) IACC – size of space
c) Fractal Correlation Dimension – Tonal Space
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IACC Flutes
1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0Time ms
0 .7 4
0 .7 6
0 .7 8
0 .8 0
0 .8 2
0 .8 4
IACCD iz i D um m y H ead 2 h o le s c lo s e d
1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0Time ms
0 .8 4
0 .8 6
0 .8 8
0 .9 0
0 .9 2
IACCS h a k uh a tc h i D um m y H ead 2 h o le s c lo s e d
1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0Time ms
0 .1
0 .2
0 .3
0 .4
0 .5
0 .6
0 .7
IACCS h a k uh a tc h i o ve rb low n D um m y H ead 2 h o le s c lo s e d
1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0Time ms
0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
IACCS u ling D um m y H ead 2 h o le s c lo s e d
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IACC Saxophone
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .0IA C C
Tenor Saxophone c
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .0IA C C
Tenor Saxophone c1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .0IA C C
Tenor Saxophone c2
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .0IA C C
Tenor Saxophone e
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IACC Blues harp
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .0IA C C
Harp g
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .0IA C C
Harp e
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .0IA C C
Harp c3
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .0IA C C
Harp c2
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Sound pressureDizi Flute
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IACCDizi
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Sound pressureViolin
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IACCViolin
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EchodensityMusikhalle
0 s 1.5 s 3 s
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EchodensityMarx
0 s 1.5 s 3 s
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EchodensityBass Drum
0 s 0.7 s 1.5 s
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EchodensityGuitar low open E-string
0 s 1 s 2 s
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EchodensityViolin, low open G-string
0 s 1 s 2 s
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EchodensityShakuhachi
0 s 1 s 2 s
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EchodensityBell
0 s 1 s 2 s
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Clubs and Concert Halls
T60 Centroid
Fabrik 1.3 s 3118 Hz
Markthalle 1.5 s 2941 Hz
Marx 0.7 s 3300 Hz
Metropolis 0.7 s 2877 Hz
Musikhalle 2.2 s 3229 Hz
Staatsoper 1.3 s 3422 Hz
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D50 / D80D50 D80
Fabrik 0.70 1.37
Markthalle 0.62 1.20
Marx 1.58 3.52
Metropolis 1.41 3.51
Musikhalle 0.38 0.74
Staatsoper 0.51 1.11
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Musikhalle
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MDS Musikhalle
Dim 1 2 3 4 5
Stress 0.39194 0.21564 0.14741 0.09633 0.06732
Percent 61 % 78 % 85 % 90 % 93 %
Fraction of
Whole perception
61 % 17 % 7 % 5 % 3 %