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Muslim Culture
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Abbasid Rule
• Rule was prosperous for the Islamic religion
• Riches are pulled in from Europe, Asia, & Africa
• Build great cities and support advancements in math, art, and science
• Preserve & Advance Knowledge
• Blending of international cultures
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Muslim Cities
• Damascus – Cultural Center of Islam
• Impressive Cities of the Caliphate – Cordoba, Cairo, & Jerusalem
• Baghdad (capital) – lavish palaces, defenses, and marketplace
• Peeked at ~1 million!!!
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Damascus
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Four Social Classes• 1st Class – Muslims at
Birth• 2nd Class – Converts to
Islam• 3rd Class – “Protected
People”– Christians, Jews,
Zoroastrians• 4th Class – Slaves– POWs, non-Muslims
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Role of Women• Qur’an: Men & Women
are equal, but submit to men– What?
• Given rights under the shari’a for marriage, family, & property
• Originally, women could advance based on their husband’s status
• Time passes, women are isolated and veiled in public
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Scholarship & Knowledge• Push for knowledge was
great (science, math, astronomy)– Muhammad – p. 274
• Push for advancements, translate scientific & philosophical texts
• Early 800s – House of Wisdom – library/academy for translation of ancient texts into Arabic.
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Literature & Art• Strong roots in Arabia with
the Bedouins• The Qur’an was the gold
standard• Adapt artistic traditions of
conquered areas to suit Islamic beliefs
• Discourage images of living things
• Use calligraphy (or beautiful handwriting as a substitute) or decorative work (wood, glass, etc.)
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Architecture
• Greatest cultural blending of the Muslim world– Ex: Great Mosque of
Damascus build on the site of a Christian Church (Byzantine reflection)
• Feature works of the Romans and other European cultures
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Dome of the Rock
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Medical Advancements• Al-Razi – greatest
physician in the world• Wrote the encyclopedia
Comprehensive Book – drew medical knowledge from the ancients
• Also wrote the Treatise on Smallpox & Measles– Recover breathing
cleaner air
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Math & Science• Standard for mathematical
solutions, scientific observations, & experimentation
• Scientists prefer to solve problems with experiments, instead of logical reasoning– Better?
• Al-Khwarizmi – Through Indian teachings, develops al-jabr
• Chart the stars, comets, & planets
• Ibn al-Haytham develops theory on sight, leads to the first telescopes & microscopes
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Philosophy & Religion
• Scholars blend Islam with Greek philosophers teachings
• Criticized, argue both trying to find the truth
• Moses Ben Maimon – greatest Jewish philosopher– Push to blend science
with religion
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The “Ideal Man”
• P. 279 – Ikhwan As-Safa• “The ideal and morally
perfect man should be of East Persian derivation, Arabic in faith, of Iraqi education, a Hebrew in astuteness, a disciple of Christ in conduct ….”– What do you think?