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INTRODUCTIONS CONCLUSIONS, AND THESIS
STATEMENTS
C APITALIZATION, W HO /W HOM, HOMOPHONES
Eng100BCFA14
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MULTI - P ARAGRAPH ESSAY
I. Introduction
A. Opener1.
2.
B. Background
1.
2.
C. Relevance & Thesis
1.
2.
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MULTI - P ARAGRAPH ESSAY
II. Conclusion
A. Summarize1.
2.
B. Reiterate thesis & memorable point
1.
2.
***Don’t forget to tie back to introduction!!!
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W HAT IS A THESIS STATEMENT?
Tells readers how you will interpret
significance of subject matter underdiscussion
Tells readers exactly what to expect from rest
of essay
Interprets subject
Subject/topic might be WWII, possible thesis
would offer way to understand the war
Makes a disputable claim
Single sentence ending introduction
Body of essay gathers and organizes evidence to
persuade reader to agree to logic of interpretation
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IS THIS THESIS STATEMENT GOOD OR BAD?
The North and South fought the Civil War for manyreasons, some of which were the same and some
different.
While both sides fought the Civil War over the issueof slavery, the North fought for moral reasons while
the South fought to preserve its own institutions.
While both Northerners and Southerners believedthey fought against tyranny and oppression,
Northerners focused on the oppression of slaves
while Southerners defended their own right to self-
government.
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IS THIS THESIS STATEMENT GOOD OR BAD?
Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great Americannovel.
In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast
between life on the river and life on the shore.
Through its contrasting river and shore scenes,
Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the
true expression of American democratic ideals, onemust leave civilized society and go back to nature.
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COMPARISON & CONTRAST THESIS STARTER
TEMPLATE #1
The differences [similarities] between ____ and ____
are (pronounced/striking) and they (deserve/merit)
(through/rigorous)
(investigation/scrutiny/examination).
The differences between college and high school are pronounced, and they deserve thorough investigation.
The similarities between R-rated and PG-rated movies
are pronounced, and they merit rigorous scrutiny.
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COMPARISON & CONTRAST THESIS STARTER
TEMPLATE #2
(Although they bear/despite bearing) some(superficial/minor) similarities, the differences
between ____ and ____ are
(clear/remarkable/striking/pronounced).
Although they bear some superficial similarities, the
differences between Athens and Sparta are clear.
Despite bearing some minor similarities, thedifferences between Pele and Ronaldinho are pronounced.
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COMPARISON & CONTRAST THESIS STARTER
TEMPLATE #3
While some differences between ___ and ___are
(evident/noticeable), the similarities are
(striking/pronounced/salient).
While some differences between Japan and the United
States are evident, the similarities are salient.
While some differences between high school andcollege are evident, the similarities are striking.
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PLANNING – W RITE YOUR THESIS
What two ideas should the thesis statement in a
compare/contrast essay include? The subjects being compared/contrasted
The main point of the comparison/contrast
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HOW DO I KNOW IF MY THESIS IS STRONG?
Do I answer the prompt or fulfill scope ofassignment?
Have I taken a position that others might challenge
or oppose?
Is my thesis statement specific enough?Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test?
Does my essay support my thesis specifically and
without wandering?
Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test?
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W HAT ARE SOME STRATEGIES FOR WRITING
INTRODUCTIONS?Quotation
Give quote and explain how it elucidates topicHistorical Review
Background info so that reader can follow issue
Review of a Controversy Like historical, but shows why issue is debated
From General to Specific Takes reader from what they know to more detailed
info leading to essay’s specific topic
Anecdote and Illustration Funny, touching, or otherwise appropriate story
Question
Ask simple question that isn’t all that simple to answer
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INTRO FORMAT SUGGESTION
Opener
Background information
Thesis statement
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W HAT ARE SOME STRATEGIES FOR WRITING
CONCLUSIONS?Statement of subject’s significance
How essay applies to greater world
Call for further research What needs to still be considered (often done in
scientific essays)
Solution/recommendation Essays about problems/controversy can give what
should be done
Anecdote
Quotation
Question
Speculation
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W HAT ARE SOME STRATEGIES FOR WRITING
CONCLUSIONS? Anecdote
Tell a story so that readers discover significance toanother source
Quotation Helps gain authority and credibility
Question Calls on readers to assume an active role by offering
their own answers
Speculation Get the reader thinking about possibilities
Consider what might happen as well as what has
happened
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CONCLUSION FORMAT SUGGESTION
Summarize points
Reiterate thesis
Final thought
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C APITALIZATION
W HO /W HOM
HOMOPHONES
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C APITALIZATION
Always capitalize the first word in a direct
quote.
The manager yelled, “be quiet or get out!”
When a quote is broken, the second part is notcapitalized unless it is a new sentence.
“Let’s not,” he stated, “Make any quick
decisions.”
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C APITALIZATION
Capitalize a person’s name (or initials) and
any title that comes before the name.
At that point senator h.b. Jones and doctor
joyce ray entered the room.
Always capitalize the days of the week andmonths of the year. Do NOT capitalize the
seasons.
His birthday is friday, october 2, but mine is in
the Summer.
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C APITALIZATION
Always capitalize the names of races,
nationalities, languages, and religions.
The african american man was a baptist and
the spaniard was a catholic.
Capitalize words describing the Deity – God,the Savior, the Lord, Jehovah – and holy
books
catholics study the bible.
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C APITALIZATION
Do not capitalize the nonspecific use of the
word “god.”The word “polytheistic” means the worship of
more than one God.
Always capitalize geographical areas, but not
directions.
He found the pace of life slower in the south
than in the north.
He was traveling South on the interstate.
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C APITALIZATION
Capitalize the first word and other important
words in the name of abook, play, poem, orsong.
Jerry’s favorite book is the catcher in the rye.
Capitalize the name of historic events and
periods. Do not capitalize century numbers.
It is often said that world war II ushered in
the atomic age.
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C APITALIZATION
Capitalize the names of specific buildings,
specific places, specific organizations, andspecific things.
Radio city music hall is located in new york
city.
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E XERCISE 20.1 C APITALIZATION1. At the turn of a new century and a new
Millennium, many people reflected on historicalchanges that had taken place in the previous
hundred years.
millennium
2. In the late 1990s, Americans began making listsreflecting their choices of the greatest Events,
Literature, people, and Films of the century.
events, literature, films
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E XERCISE 20.1 C APITALIZATION3. Most Americans would agree that the two World
Wars shaped the twentieth century and thiscountry’s role in it.
world wars
4. List makers might, however, dispute the
importance of Ulysses or Gone with the wind. Wind
5. Between the beginning and the end of the
twentieth century, the United States changed
from a minor player in global politics into thesingle undisputed World Power.
world power
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E XERCISE 20.1 C APITALIZATION6. Technology also advanced dramatically in the
century of television, the apollo space missions,and personal computers.
Apollo
7. Of course, technology was sometimes used for
evil purposes, as the holocaust and nuclearweapons proved.
Holocaust
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E XERCISE 20.1 C APITALIZATION8. Some people would even argue that a significant
feature of the century was an increasing concernfor the environment – in the United States, in
Europe, and in parts of the Former Soviet Union,
among other places.
in, former
9. The trend toward urbanization saw people
moving from rural areas to cities, with the result
in this country that the great plains grew emptier
while the Coasts’ population increased.
Great Plains, coasts’
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E XERCISE 20.1 C APITALIZATION10. Only historical distance will reveal whether the
twentieth century was “The best of times” or “Theworst of times.”
the, the
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YOUR / YOU’RE; THERE / THEIR / THEY’RE;
TWO / TO / TOO; THEN / THAN
You’re too big for your britches.
They’re on their way there.
Please give me two dollars so that I can go to the
store too.
If you go then, you will need more money than youcurrently possess.
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W HO VS. W HOM
I love you. Subject is the person doing something
I am performing the love; therefore I am the subject
Object is having something done to them
You are the object of my affection
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W HO VS. W HOM
Use who when referring to the subject of aclause
Who loves you?
Use whom when referring to the object of a
clause
Whom do you love?
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W HO VS. W HOM
HE /HIM TRICK
Him and whom both end with the letter m
When trying to choose between who or whom, ask if
the answer to the question would be he or him
Who (or whom) do you love?
Answer is I love him, so whom is correct Who (or whom) broke his heart?
Answer is She broke his heart, so who is correct
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W HO VS. W HOM PRACTICE
1. ______ should we invite to the party?
Whom
2. ______ wants ice cream?
Who
3. ____ do you trust? Whom
4. ______ left the alligator in the backyard?
Who
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FOR W EDNESDAY...
Essay #1
Typed Sentence Outline Quiz #2 (fragments, run-ons, sentence variety,
capitalization, who/whom, homophones)
Read chapter about Classification & Division
Read in glossary definitions of analogy, cliché,colloquial expressions, connotation &
denotation, diction, figures of speech, slang,
wrong word, apostrophes, and commas