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NETWORKING MEDIA
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COMMON NETWORK CABLESThe connection between the source and destination may either be direct or indirect, and may span multiple media types.
• Copper Media
• Optical Media
• Wireless Media
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1. COPPER MEDIA• Twisted Pair
• Twisted pair(TP) cable is one of the most commonly used cable types in networking.
• Wires are grouped in pairs and twisted together to reduce interference.
• Coaxial Cable
• Coaxial cable is usually constructed of either copper or aluminum, and is used by cable television companies to provide service.
• It is also used for connecting the various components which make up satellite communication systems.
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There are three types of twisted pair cable: • Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is
the most commonly encountered type of network cable in North America and many other areas.
• Shielded twisted-pair (STP) • Screened twisted-pair (ScTP)
• Unfortunately both STP and ScTP are very expensive, not as flexible, and have additional requirements due to the shielding that make them difficult to work with.
1.1 TWISTED PAIR
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Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)• is inexpensive, • offers a high bandwidth, • is easy to install.
• This type of cable is used to connect workstations, hosts and network devices.
• All Categories of data grade UTP cable are traditionally terminated into an RJ-45 connector.
1.1 TWISTED PAIR
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1.1 TWISTED PAIR
• Used for Voice communication• Most often used for phone lines
• Used for Data transmission• Individual pairs are wrapped in a shield • Supports 1000 Mbps - 10 Gbps
• Used for Data transmission• An added separator is between each
pair of wires allowing it to function at higher speeds
• Supports 1000 Mbps - 10 Gbps
• Used for Data transmission• Cat 5 supports 100 Mbps and can
support 1000 Mbps
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UTPTwisted pair cable is most commonly used in network installations. The TIA/EIA organization defines two different patterns, or wiring scheme, called T568A and T568B.
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UTP: STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLESA Straight-through cable is the most common cable type. It maps a wire to the same pins on both ends of the cable.
• Switch port to router port• Hub port to PC
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UTP: CROSSOVER CABLEA crossover cable uses both wiring schemes. T568A on one end of the cable and T568B on the other end of the same cable. • Switch port to switch port• Switch port to hub port• Hub port to hub port• Router port to router port• PC to router port• PC to PC
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• provides improved shielding compared to UTP, so has a lower signal-to-noise ratio and can therefore carry more data.
• often used to connect a TV set to the signal source, be it a cable TV outlet, satellite TV, or conventional antenna.
• used at NOCs to connect to the cable modem termination system (CMTS) and to connect to some high-speed interfaces.
1.2 COAXIAL CABLE
harder to install and is more expensive.
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1.2 COAXIAL CABLE
Outer Jacket
Copper Conductor
Braided Copper Shielding
Plastic Insulation
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2. OPTICAL MEDIA Fiber optic cables
• are made of glass or plastic. • have a very high bandwidth,
which enables them to carry very large amounts of data.
• is used in backbone networks, large enterprise environments and large data centers.
• is also used extensively by telephone companies.
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FIBER OPTIC CABLES•Core - is the light transmission element at the center of the optical fiber
•Cladding - Light rays traveling through the fiber core reflect off this core-to-cladding interface as they move through the fiber by total internal reflection
•Buffer - helps shield the core and cladding from damage
•Strength Material - preventing the fiber cable from being stretched when installers pull it.
•Jacket- protect the fiber against abrasion, solvents, and other contaminants.
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FIBER OPTIC CABLES
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LABStraight-through CablesCrossover Cable
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Transmit Transmit Receive N/A N/A Receive N/A N/A
Straight-through Crossover
T568A - T568A
T568B - T568BT568A - T568BOR
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QUARITY