N-Tron Corporation
Creating Reliable Creating Reliable Ethernet Topologies for Wi d d S l E Wind and Solar Energy
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Growth of the Industrial Ethernet MarketEthernet Market
1000
600
800
400
600$ M
0
200
02004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: ARC Advisory Group
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Source: ARC Advisory Group
Ethernet Energy System Control Applications
• Gas Turbine
Control Applications
• Steam Turbine• ConvectionalConvectional • Nuclear• Solar• Solar
• Hydro TurbineWi d T bi• Wind Turbine
• Solar Array
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International Organization for Standardization (ISO)Standardization (ISO)
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model
Layer 7 Application Application Software
L 4 T t
Layer 5 Session
Layer 6 Presentation
E R M h i d Fl C t l
Application communications
Application Data Presentation
Layer 2 Data Link
Layer 3 Network
Layer 4 Transport
Station to Station Communication Same Network
Station to Station Communication Different Networks
Error Recovery Mechanisms and Flow Control
Layer 1 Physical
Layer 2 Data Link
Electrical and Mechanical Specifications
Station to Station Communication Same Network
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APPLICATION SOFTWARELAYER 6/7(PLC/DRIVE/CONTROLLER/OIT)
APPLICATION PROTOCOLSETHERNET/IP, MODBUS/TCP, PROFINETLAYER 5
LAYER 6/7
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)
USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL
(UDP)
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL
(TCP)
LAYER 3
LAYER 4
ETHERNET DRIVER
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)
LAYER 2
LAYER 3
HARDWARE ETHERNET INTERFACELAYER 1
NETWORK SWITCH
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Media Access ControlMAC Address
00 07 AF 00 06 12
48 BITS
00 07 AF 00 06 12
24 BITS 24 BITS
MANUFACTURER’S ID or ORGANIZATIONALLY
UNIQUE IDENTIFIER (OUI) UNIQUE DEVICE IDUNIQUE IDENTIFIER (OUI)
N-TRON
UNIQUE DEVICE ID
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LAYER 2 IEEE 802.3 ETHERNET FRAME OR PACKETFRAME OR PACKET
0 = UNICAST CYCLICAL REDUNDANCY
DESTINATIONMAC ADDRESS SOURCE V T
Y C0
0 = UNICAST1= MULTICAST OR BROADCAST
LAYER 3 DATAPADQ
PROTOCOL TYPE OR LENGTH OF DATA
CYCLICAL REDUNDANCY CHECK CALCULATION
RESULTS
PREAMBLEMAC ADDRESS
ORGROUP
ADDRESS
SOURCE MAC
ADDRESSID
YPE
IEEE 802 3Q
CRC
0OR1
LAYER 3 DATA(Example TCP/IP, MODBUS/IP,
ETHERNET/IP)
PAD DATA
QOS
IEEE 802 3PIEEE 802.3Q VLAN ID NUMBER
VID 1 to 511
IEEE 802.3P QUALITY OF SERVICE
PRIORITY 1 TO 7
64 TO 1522 BYTES
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Ethernet Packet Types
Preamble 0Destination
MACSource
MAC TCP/IP CRC
Ethernet Unicast
Preamble 0 MAC Address
MAC Address
TCP/IP CRC
Ethernet Group Multicast
Preamble 1 Group Number
SourceMAC
AddressUDP/IP CRC
Ethernet Group Multicast
Ethernet Broadcast Multicast
Preamble 1 All 1’sSource
MAC Address
UDP/IP CRC
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Ethernet Collision and N k D iNetwork Domains
Network DomainSwitching Hubs (Switches)Port and Switch Bandwidth (Hub vs Switches)Switch Packet Processing
MAC Address Mapping (MAC Address Table)pp g ( )CRC CheckStore and Forward or Cut ThroughMAC AgingMAC Aging
MAC Memory
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SWITCHUNICAST PACKET
TRAFFIC
IEEE 802.3 NETWORK DOMAIN
TRAFFIC
P t P t P t P t
TX RX
HMI-001
MAC # 10
PLC-003
MAC # 14
PLC-001
MAC # 32TX RX TX RX
RAD-001
MAC # 52TX RX
Port1
Port2
Port3
Port 4
RX TX RX TXRX TXRX TX RX TX
SWITCH CPU
Port 2 10Port 1 32
MACPORT
CPU Backplane High Speed Packet SwitchingPort 4 52Port 3 14
Preamble 10 52 CRC0
0
DESTINATIONMAC
ADDRESS
SOURCEMAC
ADDRESS
LAYER 3 DATA
Preamble 52 10 CRC
Preamble 32 14 CRC0
0
LAYER 3 DATA
LAYER 3 DATA
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SWITCHBROADCAST IEEE 802.3 NETWORK DOMAINBROADCAST
PACKET TRAFFIC
HMI-001
MAC # 62
PLC-003
MAC # 84
PLC-001
MAC # 47
RAD-001
MAC # 72TX RX
Port1
Port2
Port3
Port 4
RX TX RX TXRX TXRX TX RX TX
TX RX TX RX TX RX
SWITCH CPU
MACPORT
TX RX
CPU Backplane High Speed Packet SwitchingPort 4 72Port 3 84Port 2 62Port 1 47
DESTINATIONMAC
ADDRESS
SOURCEMAC
ADDRESS
Preamble 111...1 62 CRC1 LAYER 3 DATA
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CPU Backplane High Speed Packet SwitchingUNICAST TRAFFIC
TWO SWITCHES LINKED WITH
Port 1 32Port 2 10Port 3 14
Port1
Port2
Port3
Port 4
RX TX RX TXRX TXRX TX
LINKED WITHAUTO PORT
CONFIGURATION (MDIX) SWITCH CPU
Port 4 47,62,84
MACPORT
TX RX
PC-001
MAC # 10
PLC-002
MAC # 14
PLC-001
MAC # 32
Preamble 47 32 CRC
DESTINATIONMAC
ADDRESS
SOURCEMAC
ADDRESS
LAYER 3 DATA0
TX RX TX RX
Preamble 14 62 CRCLAYER 3 DATA
Preamble 32 10 CRCLAYER 3 DATA0
0 HMI-001
MAC # 62
RAD-001
MAC # 84
PLC-003
MAC # 47
Port1
Port2
Port3
Port 4
RX TX RX TXRX TXRX TX TX RX
TX RX TX RX TX RX
SWITCH CPU
P 1 4
MACPORT
CPU Backplane High Speed Packet SwitchingPort 4 32, 10, 14Port 3 84Port 2 62Port 1 47
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Ethernet Unmanaged gTopologies
StarTreeDaisy ChainRedundant StarRedundant Daisy ChainRedundant Daisy Chain
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Using Ethernet for Process Control Applicationspp
Hardened ComponentsESD & RF P t tiESD & RF ProtectionHigh G Force ConstructionHigh Temperature Range PerformanceHigh Temperature Range Performance High MTBF Performance (Last Man Standing)
OPC ReportingOPC vs SNMPOPC Heart Beat
Managed and Unmanaged SwitchesManaged and Unmanaged SwitchesN-View OPC Setup and MonitoringHMI OPC Ready
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Specifications
Typical Commercial
Switch with Fan Cooling
Typical Industrial
Switch and Field Devices
N‐Tron Critical ControlSwitchCooling Devices
MTBF Hours 25K 200K 1‐2M
Vibration 0G to 1G 5G 50G
ESD Protection 2KV 4KV to 6KV 16KV
RF Rejection 3 Volts/Meter 3 Volts/Meter 15 Volts/Meter
Operation Temp 0°to 45° ‐20° to 60° ‐40° to 70°
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N View OPC MonitoringN-View OPC Monitoring
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N-View OPC SoftwareOPC (Object Linking & Embedding for Process Control)( j g g )
N-View OPC can be SCADA OPCused with most
leading Supervisory Control & Data
Acquisition (SCADA)
2.0 Client Software
q ( )systems
RSView 32WinCC
N-View OPC Server
N-View ConfiguratorOPC Server
WinCCWonderware
CitectIntellutionCimplicity
ORSNMP to OPCsoftware utility
CimplicityIconics
Competitive Switches N-TRON Switches
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Speed = 100Port 1 Bandwidth = 78 Percent
Area 0014Switch 01
A 0023
NetworkOverview N-Tron 405FX-N Switch 05, Area 32, Status
Switch Status = Online Switch Last Updated = 3 Sec
Speed
Duplex =
Status =
100
Full
Up
Port 1Area 0032PLC 0032-001 0 25 50 75 100
Speed =
Duplex =
100
Full
Port 2Area 0032
Bandwidth = 70 Percent
Area 0023Switch 02
Area 0024Switch 03
Area 0025Switch 04
Speed =
Duplex =
Status =
10
Full
Up
Port 3Area 0032HMI 0032-001
Bandwidth = 40 Percent
0 25 50 75 100
p
Status = UpArea 0032I/O 0032-001 0 25 50 75 100
Switch 04
Area 0032Switch 05
Area 0034Switch 06
Speed =
Duplex =
Status =
10
Half
Up
Port 4Area 0032DRV 0032-002
Bandwidth = 55 Percent
0 25 50 75 100
S d 100Up Link Bandwidth = 32 Percent
Area 0037Switch 07
Area 0039Switch 08
Area 0040Speed =
Duplex =
Status =
100
Full
Up
Up LinkArea 0032DCS 0001-001
Bandwidth 32 Percent
0 25 50 75 100
Switch 09
Area 0017Switch 10
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Key Managed Switch P t lProtocols
Simple Network Management Protocol. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)p g ( ) Quality of Service (QoS) Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Rapid Spanning Tree (RSTP)
Hi h S d Ri M (N Ri ) High Speed Ring Manager (N-Ring)
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Ethernet Managed gTopologies
Spanning Tree (IEEE) Rapid Spanning Tree (IEEE) Proprietary High Speed Ring Multi Ring
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RSTP Ring Topology
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RSTP Mesh Topology
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N-Ring Topology
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N-Ring VS RSTP
Ring Management Comparison N-Ring RSTP STP
Ring Break Detect Time ~30 ms ~1-3sec >30 sec
Ring Heal Time ~10 ms ~1-3sec >30 sec
Fault Reporting Yes No NoFault Reporting Yes No No
Proprietary Yes No No
Sufficient for Automated Control Yes No No
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N-Ring Status Monitoring
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N-Ring Status Monitoring
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Double RingN-Ring Manager
PLC PLC
RING A
PLCSCADA
N-Ring Manager
PLC
CAT 5 CableFiber Optic Cable
RING B
PLC PLCPLC PLC
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N-Link
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N-Linked RingsN-Ring
Manager
N-Link Slave
N-Link Master
Control Link
Partner Link
N-RING A
N-Link Slave
N-Link Master
Control Link
Partner Link
N-Link Slave
N-Link Master
Control Link
Partner Link
Primary Link
Standby Link
Primary Link
Standby Link
Partner Link
Primary Link
Standby Link
Partner Link
N-RING B N-RING C N-RING D
N-Ring
CAT 5 CableFiber Optic Cable
N-Ring gManager
N-Ring Manager
gManager
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Multiple N-Ring
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Daisy Chained N-Rings
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IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network St d dStandards
Operating Throughput Data Rate ModulationProtocol Release Date Operating Frequency
Throughput Typical
Data Rate Maximum
Modulation Technique
802.11a 1999 5.X GHz 23 Mbit/s 54 Mbit/s OFDM802 11b 1999 2 4 GH 4 3 Mbit/ 11 Mbit/ DSSS802.11b 1999 2.4 GHz 4.3 Mbit/s 11 Mbit/s DSSS802.11g 2003 2.4 GHz 19 Mbit/s 54 Mbit/s OFDM
802.11nDraft
20092.4 GHz
74 Mbit/s 300 Mbit/s MIMOSDMDraft SDM5.X GHz
OFDM = Orthogonal Frequency-Division MultiplexingDSSS = Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum MultiplexingMIMO/SDM M lti l I t M lti l O t t / S ti l Di i i M lti l iMIMO/SDM = Multiple-Input Multiple-Output / Spatial Division Multiplexing
Note 1 - 802.11g is backward compatible with 802.11bNote 2 – 802.11n is backward compatible with 802.11a,b,g
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Energy Topologies
Nuclear Power PlantNuclear Power Plant
Topology for Electric Power Generation Plant
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