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NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix
MKM and the NIST DLMF
Dan Lozier
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8910
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KM and MKM NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 2
Traditional Methods of KM
• Handbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias, atlases
• Springer-NY search:Keyword “handbook”: 1125 hits“Handbook” in title/subtitle: 802 hits
• CRC Press search:“Handbook” in title/subtitle, “mathematics” as
subject/discipline: 41 hits
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KM and MKM NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 3
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KM and MKM NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 4
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KM and MKM NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 5
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KM and MKM NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 6
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KM and MKM NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 7
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KM and MKM NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 8
New Methods of KM for Math• Stimulus:
– CD/DVD, web sites, “digital technology”– Interactive graphics (scientific visualization)– Computer algebra, theorem provers
• Key research areas– Math notation and definition– Presentation/representation of math– Math-aware search– Hardware/software standards– Formal methods
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DLMF NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 9
NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions Project
1997 - project conceived
1998 - sample chapter & prototype web site
1999 - NSF funding received
2000 – 2004
Math content development, editing, validation
Web development, inc. search & graphics
2005 – book published, web site released
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DLMF NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 10
Personnel
• 4 principal editors
• 10 associate editors
• 35 authors
• 25 validators
• 15 NIST staff
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DLMF NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 11
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DLMF NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 12
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DLMF NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 13
DLMF Web Site
• Features– Math content– Metadata– Interactive graphics– Math-aware search
• Demonstration
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Search NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 24
DLMF Equation Search System
DLMFDatabase
QueryInput
Query Processing
SearchEngine
QueryOutput
PresentationModule
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Search NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 25
Query Expression and Entry
• Simplified, Latex-like query language
• Operators & symbols that can be expressed with 1 or 2 keyboard strokes are so entered
• Otherwise, alphabetical names are used (both full-names and short-hand names)
• “\” not needed
• {} and () are equivalent
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Search NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 26
Examples
Ops Entry Ops Entry
Arith ops + - * / Power, super ^
± , +- , -+ Subscript _
≤ , ≥ <= , >= ~ , ≈ ~ , ~~
, =~ , =- , not < != , !<
Goes to -> , => , <=>
∫ , ∑ int, sum ∞ infinity
nebla √ sqrt
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Search NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 27
Query Results: 2 Choices
1. Document list– Links to DLMF sections– Matching equations highlighted
2. Equation list• Created on-the-fly• Links to containing document, positioned
with matching equation at top of window
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Search NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 28
Recent Developments• Mathematica and Maple nomenclature
function names order of arguments
• Wild cards $ matches any one token \* matches any alphanumeric string in a token Null in argument list, e.g. Euler’s generalized
beta integral Beta[z0,z1,,]
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Search NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 29
DLMF Search Demonstrations
Mathematica and Maple Illustrations
Equation Search Page
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Legendre Functions NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 38
Legendre Functions
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Legendre Functions NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 39
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Legendre Functions NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 40
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Legendre Functions NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 41
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Legendre Functions NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 42
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Legendre Functions NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 43
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Legendre Functions NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 44
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Legendre Functions NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 45
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Spheroidal Wave Functions
NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 46
Spheroidal Wave Functions
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Spheroidal Wave Functions
NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 47
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Spheroidal Wave Functions
NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 48
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Spheroidal Wave Functions
NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 49
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Spheroidal Wave Functions
NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 50
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Spheroidal Wave Functions
NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 51
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Spheroidal Wave Functions
NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 52
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Spheroidal Wave Functions
NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 53
SW.6 Functions of Complex Argument
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NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 54
Implications for MKM
• For a given “family” of SF there exist– many alternative notations– a wide variety of useful definitions– Increased complications when numerical
computation is considered
• We want to be able to move freely among them• Real variables are hard enough• Complex variables are much harder
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NA-MKM 2004 Phoenix 55
Future Directions at NIST• (Complete development of basic content)• (Publish book, release initial web site)• Improve web site
– XML/MathML– Content MathML– Improved search (XQUERY)– Rudimentary, at least, equation equivalences– Tables & graphs “on demand”
• Possible second edition, possible new subject area