Download - Names and Formulas of
![Page 1: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Names and Formulasof
Ionic Compounds
![Page 2: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chemical BondsO The bond is the force that holds two
or more atoms together to form a molecule of a compound- two types
O Ionic and covalent
O Atom is to element as H He Fe Na
O Molecule is to compound H2O
![Page 4: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Na + , Cl−, Ca ++ , S =
H2SO4
O Formula shown is simplest form of the molecule that is formed
when ions combine
![Page 5: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
IonsO Formed when atoms lose or gain
valence electronsO May be + or - ionsO They form a stable electron
configuration of 8 outer electrons like the noble gases
![Page 6: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
O Cation is + charged ion; loses e-O Anion is – charged ion; gains e-
O Ionic bonds form when anion and cations close to each other attract and form a geometric lattice
![Page 7: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
O Force of attraction must be broken to free atoms from each other- usually energy
O Physical properties of ionic solids (NaCl salt) like m.p., b.p. hardness, ability to conduct electricity(melted or in solution) attest to strength of bond
O Electrolyte: conducts electric current in liquid solution
![Page 9: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Atomic RadiusO What happens to atoms as they lose
electrons? Radius decreasesO Opposite? Radius increases
O What trends of atomic radius would one expect as atomic number increases?
O As one moves from metals to non –metals?
O As one moves up and down the table?
![Page 10: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ionization EnergyO The energy needed to overcome the
attraction between the +positively charged nucleus and the -negatively charged electron
O Measured in JouleO Energy required to ionize increases
from left to right on pt O Alkali metals –low ionization
energies- lose e- readily
![Page 12: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ONoble gases have EXTREMELY high IE
O rare to lose e- Oremain stable
OHe, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
![Page 13: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Octet RuleO Atoms tend to lose or gain e- to
finalize a full set of 8 valence electrons
O This occurs in ionizationO Natural occurrenceO Makes compound formation possible
![Page 14: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PT right side, gain e- - ions or anionsPT left side, lose e- +ions or cations
![Page 15: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ElectronegativityOElectronegativity is a number that describes the relative ability of an atom, when bonded, to attract electrons.
![Page 16: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Where are highest –neg.?
OElectronegativity effects properties such as melting and boiling points of substances
OIncreases from left to right on PT
OAnd decreases from top to bottom
![Page 17: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
OSubscripts in ionic compounds indicate ratio of cations to anions to form electrically neutral atoms
H2CO3
![Page 18: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
OMonoatomic ions- form from one
atomO -1 is the oxidation state or oxidation
numberBromide, Br-
1
Chloride, Cl-1
![Page 19: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Polyatomic ions are formed from 2 or more atoms-act as single unit with net charge
Perchlorate, ClO4-1
Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate, HCO3
-1
Hydrogen sulfate, HSO4-1
Dihydrogen phosphate, H2PO4
-1
Thiocyanate, SCN-1
![Page 20: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NamingO Name of cation first followed by
name of anion
O NaCl Sodium chlorideO Mg SO4
Magnesium sulfate
![Page 21: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
OCharge on cation and anion must = zero for an ionic compound to form
O If charge is -1 it can only form bond with other ion +1
O If charge is -2, can form compound with +2 or two ions of +1
![Page 22: Names and Formulas of](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052403/568131db550346895d9841b1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Barium Nitrate
OBa (NO3)2 Barium is +2 Nitrate is -1.. (need 2 ions)