Nanoscale Power Delivery & PI
OverviewThe Power Integrity (PI) Wall
PI Analysis
Management & Innovation Potential
Publications & Discussion
Raj Nair, Anasim Corp. Aug. 21, 2013 (Updated)
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 2
Power Integrity & the PI Wall
20nm SoC to 16nm FinFET transition Appears Constant Power and Constant Power Density, higher cost
~40% PI degradation; with k = 0.8 and the inverse k-root-k metric
16nm to 10nm Scale factor 0.625, leads to > 2X (> 100%) degradation in PI!!
We have seen PI-related product failures (FMAX, INRUSH I) in the past and the present. Business as usual NOT an option.
PI degradation with scaling* ~= 1k√k
For constant power density (CPD) or constant power (CP) scaling,where k is the process scaling factor, typically 0.7
Classical CPD/CP scaling → ~70% degradation in PI
* “Power Integrity Analysis and Management for ICs”, Prentice-Hall, May 2010
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 3
PI analysis prior art (Droop, IR Drop)
Lumped and Polygonal Not True-Physical and Spatio-Temporal, eliminates spatial variance and temporal coincidence
Not wideband, and leads to pessimistic, non-optimal chip/pkg/board design. Loses local resonances, constructive/destructive noise interference
W ith D ie C a p s
W ith o u t D ie C a p s
W ith D ie C a p s
W ith o u t D ie C a p s
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 4
Differential¹ modeling & design
Grids, transmission lines/planesAbstract, system level, continuous²No freq/time domain discontinuities
² “Power Integrity Analysis and Management for ICs”, Prentice-Hall, May 2010¹ Integrity learning from the SI world and from fundamentals
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 5
PI: How do droops REALLY look?
Supply differential
True-physical power grid noise (π-fp); droops and propagation
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 6
Continuum³ analysis insight
True-physical noise wave propagation (rlcsim)
³ “Power Delivery, Integrity Analysis and Management for SoC's”, SoC 2007, FI
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 7
PI mngmnt: Fundamental methods
0.0E+00
2.0E-07
4.0E-07
6.0E-07
8.0E-07
1.0E-06
1.2E-06
1.4E-06
1.6E-06
-2 -1 0 1 2
Vg [V]
C [
f/c
m^
2) 1
2
3
1.5
1 nS
A
100
1 nS
V
1
V= 50mV
VCC
On-die capacitance
Quantity
Type (fixed/variable)
Degradation in deep nanoscale (Q, leak)
Placement and distribution
~130nm process
Can a fine-grain distribution of de-coupling capacitors minimize the di/dt problem?
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 8
PI management: Power Grid Design
Differential grid architectureNovel simulation algo. & IP*What-if analysis in minutes...
* “Power Integrity Analysis and Management for ICs”, Prentice-Hall, May 2010
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 9
PI management: Power Grid Sims
Anasim Corp., Power Integrity Aware Methodology
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 10
PI Management: Package Cap Loop-L4
4 “Power Delivery, Integrity Analysis and Management for SoC's”, SoC 2007, FI
st
d
pif Iret
C
LIVV
)s in ( 1
d
p
C
LIV
1
1
1
12
11
1
1111 C
L
V
fVCk
C
LIVkV iv
2
2
2
12
22
2
2222 C
L
V
fVCk
C
LIVkV iv
2
1
fcl SSS
Quintuplet and Triplet loop-L scaling
0.01
0.1
1
10
P858 P860 P1262 P1264
Process
loo
p-L
, p
HQ-scaling T-scaling
Load-shift induced noise Transient & DC
Package dependency
Scaling challenge
Exponent of scale factor
Pkg. caps help, but...
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 11
PI management: Fast Regulation Simulation (0.18μm)
Idealized parasitics 4:1 ESL ratio between grids
Capacitance evenly distributed
N-Series-Pass Inherently stable
Fast response
Charge Valve benefits ~25% VCC droop reduction in
sim
Apparently kicks in within 50pS
LVDCAP and HVDCAP were 5pF each in the active configuration and 10pF, 0pF in the inactive mode.
65mV droop88mV droop
Sub-50pS response
Raj Nair, “Distributed charge Valves”, research conducted in late 1999 at Intel Labs, Oregon
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 12
PI mngmnt: Active Noise Regulation*
*Raj Nair, “Active Noise Regulators”, US Patent 7291896,http://www.anasim.com/active-noise-regulation/
Tested in lumped (b/w) and continuum (π-fp) model simulations
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 13
Distributed Local Voltage Regulation5
5 “Power Delivery, Integrity Analysis and Management for SoC's”, SoC 2007, FI6 Nair, US patent appl. pub. US 2005/0168890 A1, filed Jan. 24, 2004
Split, distribute lumped regulator components
Switches
Inductors, CAPs
Reducing IL per
branch Increases Bandwidth
LC α (1/f2)
Reducing CAP need And Efficiency
I2R losses reduced significantly (ind.) Transient-suppressing high-BW regulation6
Modular design Flexible form factor
Distributes power and heat dissipation
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 14
PI mngmnt. innovation opportunities Board, package, and chip-level
Regulation, form-factor dependent
Hybrid regulation
Active noise regulation
Distributed voltage regulation
Integration (on-die, on-pkg...)
Tools & Methodology (Architecture, Design, Verification...)
References
Power Integrity Analysis and Management for Integrated CircuitsRaj Nair & Donald BennettPrentice-Hall, Publication Date: May 17, 2010 | ISBN-10: 0137011229 | ISBN-13: 978-0137011223 | Edition: 1http://www.amazon.com/Integrity-Analysis-Management-Integrated-Circuits/dp/0137011229/
Power Integrity for Nanoscale Integrated SystemsMasanori Hashimoto & Raj NairMcGraw-Hill, Publication Date: February 26, 2014 | ISBN-10: 0071787763 | ISBN-13: 978-0071787765 | Edition: 1http://www.amazon.com/Power-Integrity-Nanoscale-Integrated-Systems/dp/0071787763/
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 15
C P U
C aps A c tive dev iceA c tive dev ice
C P U
C aps A c tive dev iceA c tive dev ice
Backup slides
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 16
5 4 p
L m b
0 .4 2 m
R m b
6 m /n _ o s cR o s c
3 .3 n /n _ o s cL o s c
5 0 4 u *n _ o s cC o s c
1 0 u *n _ 2 tC 2 t
3 8 5 p /n _ 2 tL 2 t
6 .5 m /n _ 2 tR 2 t
3 .5 p
L p kg
0 .2 6 m
R p kg4 0 p s /1 8 8 nR d ie
V2
ANR Schematic & the PSC PO R M odel: Illustrations
Trace
Board
4 m
R 4
3 8 5 p
L 4
2 0 m
R 3
6 n
L 3
5 0 4 uC 1
3 .3 nL 2
1 8 n
L 1
5V1
3 0 m
R 16 mR 2
Q 1
AN R C o m p o n e n t
P a cka g e co n n .
2 2 uC 2
Reservoir CAP
G 1
1
1 8 8 nC d ie
6 .5 m /n _ id cR id c
6 0 p /n _ id cL id c
2 .2 u *n _ id cC id c
0 .2 2 m
R s o ck
1 8 p
L s o ck
2 0 u *n _ m lccC m lcc
1 .2 n /n _ m lccL m lcc
3 .5 m /n _ m lccR m lccvid
Vvr
Lumped simulation model with ANR
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 17
PRESCOTT Pre-ANR
08/21/13 Anasim Confidential 18
PRESCOTT Post-ANR