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Medical Applications of Nanotechnology
Gholamreza Pourmand, M.D.
What is nano?
Power Prefix Origins
1012 tera teras: monster
109 giga gigas: giant
106 mega megas: large
103 kilo chilioi: thousand10-3 milli milli: thousand
10-6 micro mikros: small
10-9 nano nanos: dwarf
What is nanotechnology
• Creation of functional materials, devices, and systems.
• Control of matter on the nanometer (1-100 nm) length scale.
• Exploitation of novel properties and phenomena developed at that scale.
Nanotechnology Growth
S. Milunovich, J. Roy. United States Technology Strategy. Merrill Lynch. 4 Sept. 2001
How small is nano?
Scale:Nanoscale
$151,700: 1/100th centAcre: 1/100th square inchDecade: 1/3rd second
E. Corcoran. The Next Small Thing.Forbes Magazine, 07/23/01
Why is the nanometer scale different?
1. The wavelike properties of electrons inside matter are influenced by variations on the nanometer scale.
2. The systematic organization of matter on the nanometer length scale is a key feature of biological systems.
3. Nanoscale components have very high surface areas.4. The finite size of material entities, determine an increase of the
relative importance of surface tension and local electromagnetic effects.
5. The interaction wavelength scales of various external wave phenomena become comparable to the material entity size.
Many Different Length Scales
10cm
1cm
100m
1m
Relative Size of Nanoparticles
Nanoparticle with a 2 nm core and an octanethiol functionalized monolayer
Smart Nanostructures for Selective Drug Delivery
Scale: 1/40th of red blood cell
Nanotube
Nanocap
Drug Delivery for:
#1 - Cardiovascular disease#2 – Cancer
#3 - Infectious diseases
Toxin Removal for:Adverse drug reactions >106,000 deaths/yr
Pesticide Poisonings >220,000 deaths/yr
Targeted Delivery to Tumors
NanoMedical Diagnostics
Targets: - drug overdose - brain trauma - disease markers
Where: - hospital - law enforcement - homeland security