Napoleon’s Empire in 1810Napoleon’s Empire in 1810
Napoleon’s Family Rules!Napoleon’s Family Rules!e Jerome Bonaparte King of Westphalia.e Joseph Bonaparte King of Spaine Louise Bonaparte King of Hollande Pauline Bonaparte Princess of Italye Napoléon Francis Joseph
Charles (son) King of Rome
e Elisa Bonaparte Grand Duchess of Tuscany
e Caroline Bonaparte Queen of Naples
The “Big Blunder” -- Russia
The “Big Blunder” -- Russiaa The retreat from Spain came
on the heels of Napoleon’s disastrous Russian Campaign (1812-1813).
a In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia.
The Russians avoided a directconfrontation with Napoleon.
They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause].
The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.
a The retreat from Spain came on the heels of Napoleon’s disastrous Russian Campaign (1812-1813).
a In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia.
The Russians avoided a directconfrontation with Napoleon.
They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause].
The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.
Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow
Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow
a September 14, 1812 Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had largely been abandoned.
a The Russians had set fire to the city.
a September 14, 1812 Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had largely been abandoned.
a The Russians had set fire to the city.
Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!
The 6th CoalitionThe 6th Coalition
Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states
France 1813-1814:
Napoléon’sDefeat
Napoléon’sDefeat
Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
“Battle of the Nations” Memorial
“Battle of the Nations” Memorial
Napoleon Abdicates!Napoleon Abdicates!
e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.
e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.
e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
“The War of the 7th Coalition”
“The War of the 7th Coalition”
Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller
German states
France 1815: Napoleon’s“100 Days”Napoleon’s“100 Days”
e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.
e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.
e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.
e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.
Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo
(June 18, 1815)
Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo
(June 18, 1815)
Dukeof
Wellington
Dukeof
Wellington
Prussian General Blücher
Prussian General Blücher
What is What is NapoleoNapoleo
n’s n’s Legacy?Legacy?
What is What is NapoleoNapoleo
n’s n’s Legacy?Legacy?
Europe in 1812Europe in 1812
Main ObjectivesMain Objectives
e It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
V Reduce France to its old boundaries her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
V Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
e Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.
e It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
V Reduce France to its old boundaries her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
V Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
e Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.
Key Players at Vienna
Key Players at Vienna
The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich
(Aus.)
Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh
(Br.)
Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)
King Frederick William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)
Key Principles Established at Vienna
Key Principles Established at Vienna
V Balance of Power
V Legitimacy
V Compensation
V Balance of Power
V Legitimacy
V Compensation
e Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
e France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.
e Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
e France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.
V France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon.
V Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland).
V Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories.
V A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule.
V Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.
V The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.
Changes Made at Vienna (1)Changes Made at Vienna (1)
The Germanic Confederation, 1815
The Germanic Confederation, 1815
Changes Made at Vienna (2)Changes Made at Vienna (2)V Norway and Sweden were joined.V The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed.V Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom.V Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa,
and various other colonies in Africa and Asia.V Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy,
and Genoa.V The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the
Two Sicilies.V The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie
Louise.V The slave trade was condemned (at British
urging).V Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for
many rivers.
Europe After the Congress of Vienna
Europe After the Congress of Vienna
What was the legacy
of the Congress of
Vienna?
What was the legacy
of the Congress of
Vienna?