3
Previous exam question:
Describe, in detail, how police try to reduce crime levels in Scotland. (6 marks)
New exam question layout:
Describe, in detail, 2 ways the police try to reduce crime levels in Scotland. (6 marks)
Some KU questions will be worth 6 marks, you will have to: write about 2 points, each
with an explanation and example to support. For KU questions that are worth 8
marks, you will have to write about 3 points, each with an explanation and an example
to support. (This is why the question is asking you to explain in detail.)
Example Paragraph
Point: Identify Role
The police are present at large public events where there could be disturbances with
large crowds, they act as a deterrent to crime. (P)
Explain: Go into more detail on this aspect of their role
They are present at football matches to separate rival fans from fighting and colliding
with each other in stadiums. (Exp)
Example: Refer to an example
For example, the police will be present at the Scotland vs England football match at
Hampden stadium in November 2016. (Exa)
The police are present at large public events where there could be disturbances with
large crowds; they act as a deterrent to crime. (P) They are present at football
matches to separate rival fans from fighting and colliding with each other in stadiums.
(Exp) For example, the police will be present at the Scotland vs England football
match at Hampden stadium in November 2016 to prevent any potential clashes between
the fans. (Exa) 3 marks
For a 6 mark question, you would have to write another paragraph like the one above.
Read the following questions and write information into the boxes with knowledge of
what you would write about for each question. Prepare 3 points, explanations and
examples so you are prepared for all questions i.e. if worth 6 marks = 2 rows of boxes;
8 marks = 3 rows of boxes. (Any question could be worth 8 marks)
4
1. Describe, in detail, the types of crime most commonly committed by young people.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
5
2. Explain, in detail, the causes of crime / why some people commit crime.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
6
3. Describe, in detail, the ways the police try to reduce crime levels.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
8
5. Describe, in detail, the sentences criminal courts in Scotland can give to offenders.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
9
6. Explain, in detail, why some people think prison is the most suitable punishment for
some offenders, while for others it is less suitable.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
10
7. Explain, in detail, why Scottish courts often use alternative punishments to prison
when dealing with offenders.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
11
8. Explain, in detail, the consequences of crime. (On individuals / families, communities,
and wider society)
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
12
9. Describe, in detail, the ways the Children’s Hearing System can help young people in
Scotland.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
13
10. a. Describe, in detail, the responses to crime.
(e.g. from individuals, local community, the police, the legal system (courts) and
government legislation including role of Children’s Hearing system)
10. b. Describe, in detail, the ways the Government have tried to tackle / reduce crime.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
15
Previous exam question:
Describe, in detail, the services provided by councils in Scotland. (6 marks)
New exam question layout:
Describe, in detail, 2 services provided by councils in Scotland. (6 marks)
Some KU questions will be worth 6 marks, you will have to: write 2 points, each with
an explanation and example to support. For KU questions that are worth 8 marks, you
will have to write about 3 points, each with an explanation and an example to
support. (This is why the question is asking you to explain in detail.)
Example answer
Paragraph 1
One service provided by councils is schools. (1 mark – Point) Local councils provide
nursery, primary and secondary schools which educate all the children in the local
authority. Councils provide funding for resources such as projectors and computers and
employ teachers and other staff. (1 mark – Explain) For example, since 2007, South
Lanarkshire council have refurbished or entirely rebuilt all of its 17 secondary schools
to be more modern, including the new Cathkin High building in 2008. (1 mark –
Example)
Paragraph 2
Councils also provide recreation services. (1 mark – Point) These include museums, art
galleries, leisure centres, gyms, sporting facilities and swimming pools to give people in
the council opportunities to enjoy cultural services and get fit at reasonable cost. (1
mark – Explain) For instance, Hamilton water palace is a South Lanarkshire council run
swimming pool where people can pay £5 for a day of swimming with cheaper costs for
children and pensioners. (1 mark – Example) 6/6
Point Explanation Example 1. One service provided by councils is schools.
Local councils provide nursery, primary and secondary schools which educate all the children in the local authority. Councils provide funding for resources such as projectors and computers and employ teachers and other staff.
For example, since 2007, South Lanarkshire council have refurbished or entirely rebuilt all of its 17 secondary schools to be more modern, including the new Cathkin High building in 2008.
2. Councils also provide recreation services.
These include museums, art galleries, leisure centres, gyms, sporting facilities and swimming pools to give people in the council opportunities to enjoy cultural services and get fit at reasonable cost.
For instance, Hamilton water palace is a South Lanarkshire council run swimming pool where people can pay £5 for a day of swimming with cheaper costs for children and pensioners.
16
1. Describe, in detail, the services provided by local councils in Scotland.
Point Explanation Example
1.
Councils provide
primary and
secondary
education.
Councils fund the building of schools,
the resources within schools such as
computers and projectors, and they pay
the wages of staff including teachers,
janitors and librarians.
(1) The 32 councils across Scotland are
cutting their budgets at the moment and
some cuts are coming in education.
Cathkin High school, a South Lanarkshire
council school, has had to let its full time
librarian go due to budget cuts meaning
pupils cannot always access the computers
in the library.
(2) SLC have also had to limit the number
of pupils who are given council transport
to school, meaning some parents may have
to take time off work to drive their
children to school or else some pupils have
to walk a long way to school.
2.
Councils provide
local leisure
facilities
Councils provide leisure centres,
swimming pools and gyms. If they fund
more of them or give discounted rates
to some people this can give more
people opportunities to exercise and
lead healthy lives but if they cut these
services or make them more expensive
it can make it more difficult for people
to stay fit.
South Lanarkshire Council give discounted
rates for entry to its leisure facilities
such as Hamilton Water Palace to over
60s, affecting elderly people as it lets
them swim and stay healthy for fairly
cheap.
3.
Councils provide
environmental
protection.
Councils are responsible for
environmental health and provide
services such as bins for houses, clean
water and sewage facilities, keeping
the area clean. Councils issue different
coloured bins for different types of
waste to help with recycling. They also
decide how often bins should be
collected and emptied.
Recently South Lanarkshire announced
that they would only collect general waste
bins monthly instead of every 2 weeks
that it used to be due to budget cuts.
This affects people’s lives as it means
they may have to be more careful with
how much rubbish they go through or else
dispose of some of their own rubbish in
skips or dumps.
17
2. Describe, in detail, the ways in which decisions made about local services by councils
can affect the lives of people in Scotland.
Point Explanation Example
1.
Council decisions
about education
affect school pupils and parents
Councils fund the building of
schools, the resources within
schools such as computers and
projectors, and they pay the
wages of staff including teachers,
janitors and librarians. If councils
cut education funding, this could
mean they cannot employ as many
teachers, meaning larger class
sizes which is damaging for
education as pupils are not getting
as much teaching time, or there
could be fewer resources.
(1) The 32 councils across Scotland are
cutting their budgets at the moment and
some cuts are coming in education. Catkin
High school, a South Lanarkshire council
school, has had to let its full time librarian
go due to budget cuts meaning pupils cannot
always access the computers in the library.
(2) SLC have also had to limit the number of
pupils who are given council transport to
school, meaning some parents may have to
take time off work to drive their children to
school or else some pupils have to walk a
long way to school.
2.
Council decisions
about council
run leisure
facilities
affects people who use them.
Councils provide leisure centres,
swimming pools and gyms. If they
fund more of them or give
discounted rates to some people
this can give more people
opportunities to exercise and lead
healthy lives but if they cut these
services or make them more
expensive it can make it more
difficult for people to stay fit.
South Lanarkshire council give discounted
rats for entry to its leisure facilities such
as Hamilton Water Palace to over 60s,
affecting elderly people as it lets them swim
and stay healthy for fairly cheap.
3. Council
decisions about
environmental
protection
affect all people’s lives.
Councils are responsible for
environmental health and provide
services such as bins for houses,
clean water and sewage facilities,
keeping the area clean. Councils
issue different coloured bins for
different types of waste to help
with recycling. They also decide
how often bins should be collected
and emptied.
Recently South Lanarkshire announced that
they would only collect general waste bins
monthly instead of every 2 weeks that it
used to be due to budget cuts. This affects
people’s lives as it means they may have to
be more careful with how much rubbish they
go through or else dispose of some of their
own rubbish in skips or dumps.
18
3. Describe, in detail, the ways in which local councils in Scotland can raise money to
provide local services.
Point Explanation Example
1.
Councils raise
money through
the block grant.
Taxes are collected by the UK
Government who then give a share
of this to the Scottish
Government. This is known as the
block grant. The Scottish
Government then in turn pass a
share of the block grant on to its
32 councils.
Around a third of the Scottish
Government’s block is given to councils.
The total block grant Scotland receives
is approximately £30 billion per year
and in 2016 the Scottish government
gave approximately £10 billion of this
to the 32 Scottish councils.
2.
Councils also
raise money
through the
council tax.
Council Tax. Council tax is tax
you pay to the council if you are
a homeowner. It is based on the
value of a person’s house.
In South Lanarkshire council, homes are
given a band rating between A and H,
A being the least valuable homes which
pay the least council tax, and H being
the most valuable homes which pay the
most council tax. A band D house pays
£1100 per year in council tax.
3.
Councils also
raise money by
charging people
for some of its
services at the
point of use.
You have to pay to get into a
council run leisure centre, play on
a council run golf course, or pay
for parking in a council run car
park. This money is then used by
the council to fund its services.
For instance, Hamilton Water palace, a
South Lanarkshire council run leisure
facility charges adults £5 for use of
the swimming pool.
19
4. Describe, in detail, the work of a local councillor in Scotland.
Point Explanation Example
1.
The work of a
local councillor
is to vote on
council matters
Councillors make decisions on
education, leisure facilities, road
repairs, and environmental
protection. A majority of
councillors need to approve a
decision before it can go ahead.
For example, South Lanarkshire council
has 67 councillors so at least 34 of
them must agree to decisions. Recently
SLC councillors voted to limit the
number of pupils who are given council
transport to school, meaning some
parents may have to take time off
work to drive their children to school
or else some pupils have to walk a long
way to school.
2.
Councillors also
hold surgeries
where local
constituents can
meet them to
raise any issues
Most people in Scotland are
represented by around 3
councillors. If anyone has a
problem with a council service or
wishes to raise an issue they can
meet with their councillor at
meetings called surgeries. These
are held regularly and at
different areas within a ward to
allow people an opportunity
chances to meet with their
councillor when it suits them.
For example, in South Lanarkshire
council, Cambuslang West councillor
Russell Clearie holds a regular weekly
surgery on Mondays at the CTEC
building in Cambuslang and has taken on
cases such as concerns over cars
speeding in some streets. He took this
to the council and has tried to resolve
it by urging the council to paint ‘slow’
signs, install speed bumps and speed
cameras in these areas.
3.
Councillors also
sit on
committees.
Committees are smaller groups of
councillors who meet regularly to
look into and attempt to help with
particular, often ongoing local
issues. Councillors invite experts
to the committee to gather
evidence which they use to write
reports about the issue to the
council or to help them make
decisions.
For example, Cambuslang West
councillor Russell Clearie is on South
Lanarkshire council’s Licensing
Committee, which considers applications
from local businesses wanting to set up
within the council and decides whether
to approve or reject them. When fast
food takeaway shops apply for a
license, the committee has to weigh up
the positives of the jobs it may bring
against the possible negatives of the
poor health it may cause before
granting approval.
20
5. Describe, in detail, the devolved matters which the Scottish Parliament can make
decisions about for Scotland.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
21
6. Explain, in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of the Additional Member
System which is used to elect the Scottish Parliament.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
22
7. Describe, in detail, the ways in which political parties in Scotland campaign to get
their candidates elected as MSPs.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
23
8. Explain, in detail, why some people believe majority government works well AND
explain, in detail, why some people believe coalition government works better.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
26
11. Describe, in detail, the powers of the First Minister in the Scottish Government.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
28
13. Describe, in detail, the ways in which people in Scotland can participate in
democracy in Scotland.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
29
14. Describe, in detail, the rights and responsibilities of citizens in Scotland when
participating in democracy.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
30
15. Explain, in detail, why many people in Scotland choose to vote in elections.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
31
16. Describe, in detail, the rights and responsibilities of citizens in Scotland related to
voting.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
32
17. Choose one of the following groups which try to influence the Scottish government:
Describe, in detail, the ways in which the group you have chosen tries to influence the
Scottish Government.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
Pressure groups Trade Unions The Media
33
18. Describe, in detail, the rights and responsibilities of one of the following groups
when participating in democracy in Scotland:
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
Pressure groups Trade Unions The Media
34
19. Explain, in detail, why some people participate in one of the following:
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
Pressure groups Trade Unions The Media
35
20. Describe, in detail, how the media influences elections and democracy in Scotland.
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
36
21. Explain, in detail, the ways one of the following groups impact on elections or
democracy in Scotland: (choose media, this is same as Q20 – this will save you work)
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
Pressure groups Trade Unions The Media
38
Example Question and Answer
Here’s an 8 mark answer to the question:
‘Describe, in detail, the causes of an international issue you have studied’:
An international issue I have studied is ppoovveerrttyy iinn ddeevveellooppiinngg ccoouunnttrriieess. One cause of this issue is colonialism.(Point) Colonialism has resulted in poverty as in history European countries controlled many African resources and exploited its people and resources, leaving them poor. (Explain) For instance, Rwanda used to colony of Belgium, who caused divisions among its Hutu and Tutsi people, resulting in the Rwandan civil war of 1994, which has ruined development. (Example) Another cause of poverty in developing countries is natural disasters.(Point) Floods, tsunamis, hurricanes and earthquakes can be especially devastating for developing countries as it means they have to spend money they can barely afford rebuilding, diverting it from health and education, and they are more likely to damage developing countries who can’t afford the technology to detect things like earthquakes before they hit.(Explain) In 2010, an earthquake killed over 200,000 in Haiti and in 2013, a typhoon hit the Philippines, leaving over 2,000 dead.(Example) Another cause of poverty in developing counties is poor governance or corruption. (Point) If developing countries are unstable democracies, or dictatorships, or corrupt, then aid money given to them could be misused meaning money is not being spent on tackling poverty as intended, and proper schools, hospitals and infrastructure needed to improve development are not being built. (Explain). For example, according to the 2015 Corruptions Perception Index, Somalia, a poor country in Africa is the most corrupt in the world, meaning its government are not doing their best to tackle poverty. (Example)
8/8
**Remember to specify the world issue you are studying in your answer, i.e. ppoovveerrttyy iinn
ddeevveellooppiinngg ccoouunnttrriieess. Without referring to this you will be awarded 00 mmaarrkkss.
39
1. Explain, in detail, the causes of an international issue or conflict you have studied.
“An international issue I have studied is __________________________________.”
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
40
2. Explain, in detail, the consequences of an international issue or conflict you have studied.
“An international issue I have studied is __________________________________.”
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
41
3. a. Describe, in detail, the ways ordinary people have been affected by an international
issue or conflict you have studied.
OR
b. Describe, in detail, the ways in which people’s rights are affected by an
international issue or conflict you have studied.
“An international issue I have studied is __________________________________.”
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
42
4. Describe, in detail, the ways you can participate in trying to resolve an international
issue or problem you have studied.
“An international issue I have studied is __________________________________.”
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
43
5. International organisations which try to resolve international issues or conflicts:
United Nations
Organisation (UN)
European Union Charities
African Union NATO Non Governmental
Organisations (NGOs)
a. Describe, in detail, the ways in which international organisations try to resolve an
international issue or conflict you have studied.
OR
b. Describe, in detail, the ways in which international organisations have tried to
resolve an international issue or conflict you have studied without using military force.
“An international issue I have studied is __________________________________.”
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
44
6. International organisations which try to resolve international issues or conflicts:
United Nations
Organisation (UN)
European Union Charities
African Union NATO Non Governmental
Organisations (NGOs)
Explain, in detail, why international organisations experience problems in trying to
resolve an international issue or conflict you have studied.
“An international issue I have studied is __________________________________.”
Point Explanation Example
1.
They experience
problems due to
debt
Because developing countries are so
often in debt, the UN and charities
struggle to resolve poverty because
the financial aid they give is largely
spent repaying debt with large
interest rather than tackling
poverty
On average, for every $1 developing
countries receive, $25 is spent
repaying debt
2. They also
experience
problems due to
corruption
Many developing countries are not
well governed or corrupt
dictatorships and the money they
receive in aid from the UN and
charities is often spent on
themselves rather than on tackling
poverty
Between 1960 and 1999, more than
$400 billion was stolen from
Nigeria’s public funds. This means
this money was therefore not being
spent on health and education that
could help reduce poverty
3.
They also
experience
problems due to
natural disasters
Many developing countries suffer
earthquakes, hurricanes and
tsunamis and don’t have the
technology or housing to prevent
this. This makes development
difficult as regular natural disasters
set them back and make it difficult
and expensive to constantly rebuild
For example, in 2010 an earthquake
hit Haiti, a poor South American
country, killing 200,000 people and
destroying many homes, schools and
hospitals, all of which are needed to
reduce poverty.
45
7. International organisations which try to resolve international issues or conflicts:
United Nations
Organisation (UN)
European Union Charities
African Union NATO Non Governmental
Organisations (NGOs)
Explain, in detail, the possible motivations of international organisations in attempting
to resolve an international issue or conflict you have studied.
“An international issue I have studied is __________________________________.”
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.
46
8. International organisations which try to resolve international issues or conflicts:
United Nations
Organisation (UN)
European Union Charities
African Union NATO Non Governmental
Organisations (NGOs)
Select an International Organisation you have studied.
Explain, in detail, the reasons why it has succeeded or failed in resolving an
international issue or conflict.
“An international issue I have studied is __________________________________.”
Point Explanation Example
1.
2.
3.